Monad may refer to:

Philosophy

Monad (philosophy) The term ''monad'' () is used in some cosmic philosophy and cosmogony to refer to a most basic or original substance. As originally conceived by the Pythagoreans, the Monad is the Supreme Being, divinity or the totality of all things. In the p ...

, a term meaning "unit" **

Monism Monism attributes oneness or singleness (Greek: μόνος) to a concept e.g., existence. Various kinds of monism can be distinguished: * Priority monism states that all existing things go back to a source that is distinct from them; e.g., i ...

, the concept of "one essence" in the metaphysical and theological theory **

Monad (Gnosticism) The Monad in Gnosticism is an adaptation of concepts of the Monad in Greek philosophy to Christian gnostic belief systems. Overview The term ''monad'' comes from the Greek feminine noun ''monas'' (nominative singular, μονάς), "one unit," wher ...

, the most primal aspect of God in Gnosticism * ''Great Monad'', an older name for the

Taijitu In Chinese philosophy, a ''taijitu'' () is a symbol or diagram () representing Taiji () in both its monist ('' wuji'') and its dualist (yin and yang) aspects. Such a diagram was first introduced by Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhou Dunyi (; 1017� ...

symbol * ''Monadologia Physica'', by

Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and ...

* ''

Monadology The ''Monadology'' (french: La Monadologie, 1714) is one of Gottfried Leibniz's best known works of his later philosophy. It is a short text which presents, in some 90 paragraphs, a metaphysics of simple substances, or '' monads''. Text Dur ...

'', by Gottfried Leibniz (a basic unit of perceptual reality) * '' Monas Hieroglyphica'', a 1564 book by John Dee describing a symbol of his own invention

Mathematics, science and technology

* Monad (biology), a historical term for a simple unicellular organism *

Monad (category theory) In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a monad (also triple, triad, standard construction and fundamental construction) is a monoid in the category of endofunctors. An endofunctor is a functor mapping a category to itself, and a monad is an ...

, a construction in category theory *

Monad (functional programming) In functional programming, a monad is a software design pattern with a structure that combines program fragments (Function (computer programming), functions) and wraps their return values in a Type system, type with additional computation. In add ...

, functional programming constructs that capture various notions of computation *

Monad (linear algebra) In linear and homological algebra, a monad is a 3-term complex : ''A'' → ''B'' → ''C'' of objects in some abelian category whose middle term ''B'' is projective and whose first map ''A'' → ''B'' is injective and whose second ma ...

, a 3-term complex *

Monad (nonstandard analysis) In nonstandard analysis, a monad (also called halo) is the set of points infinitesimally close to a given point. Given a hyperreal number ''x'' in R∗, the monad of ''x'' is the set :\text(x)=\. If ''x'' is finite (limited), the unique real n ...

, the set of points infinitesimally close to a given point *

Monad shell PowerShell is a task automation and configuration management program from Microsoft, consisting of a command-line shell and the associated scripting language. Initially a Windows component only, known as Windows PowerShell, it was made open-sou ...

, the code name for the PowerShell command line interface for Microsoft Windows

Fictional entities

* Monads, megastructures in the 1971 Robert Silverberg novel ''

The World Inside ''The World Inside'' is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert Silverberg, published in 1971. The novel originally appeared as a series of shorter works in 1970 and 1971, all but one published in ''Galaxy'', including the Hugo nominat ...

'' * Monad Proxy, a character in the 2006 anime series ''Ergo Proxy'' * John Monad, the title character of the 2007 television series ''

John from Cincinnati ''John from Cincinnati'' is an American drama television series, set against the surfing community of Imperial Beach, California. It aired on HBO from June 10 to August 12, 2007. Overview ''John from Cincinnati'' is the result of a collaborativ ...

'' * Monad/Monado, a sword in the 2010 videogame ''

Xenoblade Chronicles is a series of action role-playing games developed by Monolith Soft and published by Nintendo. It is a part of the '' Xeno'' metaseries created by Tetsuya Takahashi, but was formed after Nintendo's acquisition of Monolith Soft in 2007. The se ...

Other uses

Monad (music) In music, a monad is a single note or pitch.Castine, Peter (1994). ''Set Theory Objects: Abstractions for Computer-Aided Analysis and Composition of Serial and Atonal Music'', p.33. . The Western chromatic scale The chromatic scale (or twelve- ...

, a single note or pitch *

Monad University Monad University is a state private university located in NCR region, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in ...

, in Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India * The logo of the

technocracy movement The technocracy movement was a social movement active in the United States and Canada in the 1930s which favored technocracy as a system of government over representative democracy and concomitant partisan politics. Historians associate the move ...

Philosophy

Mathematics, science and technology

Fictional entities

Other uses

See also