''Monacha'' is a
genus of air-breathing
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...
s,
terrestrial pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusks in the subfamily
Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family
Hygromiidae
Hygromiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea. Helicellidae Ihering, 1909
Anatomy
Some snails in genera within this family create ...
, the hairy snails and their allies.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Monacha Fitzinger, 1833. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426406 on 2021-08-12]
Distribution
The distribution of the genus ''Monacha'' includes western Europe, Central Europe, Mediterranean, Asia minor and
Turkey (more than 50 species of ''Monacha''),
Georgia, Russia, Arabia,
Iran, Azerbaijan (1 species).
It is not in Armenia.
The greatest diversity of species is in the
Pontic
Pontic, from the Greek ''pontos'' (, ), or "sea", may refer to:
The Black Sea Places
* The Pontic colonies, on its northern shores
* Pontus (region), a region on its southern shores
* The Pontic–Caspian steppe, steppelands stretching from n ...
region.
Species
Species within the genus ''Monacha'' include:
[Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus ''Monacha'' in the Western Caucasus (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae)". '']Journal of Natural History
The ''Journal of Natural History'' is a scientific journal published by Taylor & Francis focusing on entomology and zoology. The journal was established in 1841 under the name ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'' (''Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.'') an ...
'' 34(8): 1575-1594
PDF
. .
* ''
Monacha albocincta''
(P. Hesse, 1912)
* ''
Monacha aniliensis
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
P. L. Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990
* ''
Monacha ascania''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha atacis
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
E. Gittenberger & de Winter, 1985
* ''
Monacha auturica''
Falkner, 2000
* ''
Monacha badia
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha bithynica''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha cantiana''
(Montagu, 1803)
* ''
Monacha carascaloides''
(Bourguignat, 1855)
* ''
Monacha carinata''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha cartusiana''
(Müller, 1774) - type species
* ''
Monacha cemenelea''
(Risso, 1826)
* ''
Monacha ciscaucasica''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha claussi''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha claustralis''
(Menke, 1828)
* ''
Monacha comata''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha compingtae''
(Pallary, 1929)
* ''
Monacha consona
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mon ...
''
(Rossmässler, 1839)
* ''
Monacha crenophila''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1857)
* ''
Monacha cretica''
Hausdorf, 2003
* ''
Monacha crispulata''
(Mousson, 1861)
* ''
Monacha densecostulata''
(Retowski, 1886)
* ''
Monacha depressior''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha devrekensis''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha dirphica''
(E. von Martens, 1876)
* ''
Monacha dofleini
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (202 ...
''
(P. Hesse, 1928)
* ''
Monacha elatior''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha eliae''
(Nägele, 1906)
* ''
Monacha emigrata
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mon ...
''
(Westerlund, 1894)
* ''
Monacha euboeica''
(Kobelt, 1877)
* ''
Monacha frequens
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mon ...
''
(Mousson, 1859)
* ''
Monacha fruticola
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mon ...
''
(Krynicki, 1833)
* ''
Monacha galatica''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha gemina''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha georgievi'' (Pall-Gergely, 2010)
* ''
Monacha glareosa''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha gregaria''
(Rossmässler, 1839)
* ''
Monacha hamsikoeyensis''
(Hudec, 1973)
* ''
Monacha haussknechti''
(O. Boettger, 1886)
* ''
Monacha hemitricha''
(P. Hesse, 1914)
* ''
Monacha heteromorpha''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha ignorata
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(O. Boettger, 1905)
* ''
Monacha kuznetsovi
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mon ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha lamalouensis''
(Reynès, 1870)
* ''
Monacha laxa
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (202 ...
''
(Hudec, 1973)
* ''
Monacha leucozona''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha liebegottae''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha maasseni''
Hausdorf, 2003
* ''
Monacha magna
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha margarita''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha martensiana''
(Tiberi, 1869)
* ''
Monacha melitensis''
(P. Hesse, 1915)
* ''
Monacha menkhorsti''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha merssinae
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mon ...
''
(Mousson, 1874)
* ''
Monacha microtricha''
S. H. F. Jaeckel, 1954
* ''
Monacha nordsiecki''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha obstructa
''Monacha obstructa'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.
Distribution
This species occurs in Egypt and Israel. ''M. obstructa'' is ...
''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1842)
* ''
Monacha ocellata
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Roth, 1839)
* ''
Monacha oecali
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. ...
''
Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely, 2009[Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely B. (2009). "''Monacha oecali'' new species from southern Turkey (Gastropoda:Hygromiidae) ". '']Journal of Conchology
The ''Journal of Conchology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by The Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, covering research in conchology and malacology. It claims to be the world's oldest continuing publication on t ...
'' 40(1): 15-18
abstract
* ''
Monacha orsini''
(Porro, 1841)
* ''
Monacha oshanovae''
I. Pintér & L. Pintér, 1970
* ''
Monacha ovularis
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mon ...
''
(Bourguignat, 1855)
* ''
Monacha pamphylica
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha pantanellii''
(De Stefani, 1879)
* ''
Monacha parumcincta
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Menke, 1828)
* ''
Monacha perfrequens
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mon ...
''
(Hesse, 1914)
* ''
Monacha pharmacia''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha phazimonitica''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha pseudorothii''
Hausdorf, 2003
* ''
Monacha pusilla''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha riedeli''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha rizzae''
(Aradas, 1844)
* ''
Monacha roseni
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Hesse, 1914)
* ''
Monacha rothii''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1841)
* ''
Monacha samsunensis''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1868)
* ''
Monacha saninensis
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. ...
''
(Pallary, 1939)
* ''
Monacha sedissana''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha solidior''
(Mousson, 1863)
* ''
Monacha spiroxia spiroxia''
(Bourguignat, 1868)
* ''
Monacha spiroxia atik''
(Schutt, 2001)
* ''
Monacha stipulifera''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha subaii''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha subcarthusiana''
(Lindholm, 1913)
* ''
Monacha syriaca''
(Ehrenberg, 1831)
* ''
Monacha terebrata''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha tibarenica''
Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017
* ''
Monacha venusta''
(L. Pinter, 1968)
The species ''
Ashfordiana granulata'' (Alder, 1830) is often also grouped under the genus ''Monacha''.
;Taxon inquirendum:
* ''Monacha talischana''
(E. von Martens, 1880)
;Synonyms:
* ''Monacha beieri''
Klemm, 1962: synonym of ''Monacha haussknechti''
(O. Boettger, 1886) (junior synonym)
* ''Monacha fallax''
A. J. Wagner, 1914: synonym of ''
Monachoides fallax
''Monachoides'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Monachoides Gude & B. B. ...
''
(A. J. Wagner, 1914) (original combination)
* ''Monacha ruffoi''
Giusti, 1973: synonym of ''Monacha pantanellii''
(De Stefani, 1879) (junior synonym)
* ''Monacha tschegemica''
Schileyko, 1988: synonym of ''Paratheba roseni''
(Hesse, 1914): synonym of ''Monacha roseni''
(Hesse, 1914) (junior synonym)
References
* Pintér, L. (1977). Studien an Monacha (Gastropoda: Helicidae), I. Über die subgenerische Zugehörigkeit von Monacha gregaria (Rossmässler). Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 108: 53–55.
* Nordsieck, H. (1993). Das System der paläarktischen Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea). Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 122 (Zilch-Festschrift): 1-23. Frankfurt am Main
* Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017
* Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A. (2018). A new genus Zenobiellina for Helix subrufescens Miller, 1822 (Hygromiidae), with description of a new congeneric species from northern Spain. Iberus. 36 (2): 133-147.
External links
Fitzinger, L.J. (1833). Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben. Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreichs's unter der Enns, 3: 88-122. WienNeiber, M. T. & Hausdorf, B. (2017). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the land snail genus Monacha (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae). Zoologica Scripta. 46(3): 308-321
{{Commons category
Hygromiidae