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The Mona Island Tramway ( Spanish: ''Tranvía de la Isla de Mona'') was a long narrow-gauge industrial railway with a gauge of on Mona Island, part of the municipality of
Mayagüez, Puerto Rico Mayagüez (, ) is a city and the eighth-largest municipality in Puerto Rico. It was founded as Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Mayagüez, and is also known as ''La Sultana del Oeste'' (The Sultaness of the West), ''Ciudad de las Aguas Pura ...
. It was laid in the 1890s to transport building materials from the beach to the construction site of the 16 meter (52 foot) high Mona Island Lighthouse, which was put into operation on 30 April 1900.Kraig Anderson
''Isla de Mona Lighthouse.''
Retrieved on 25 August 2018.


Route

The track consisted of two unconnected sections: The goods were unloaded from the ships at the ''Playa La Escalera'' and brought to a cave called ''Cueva Escalera'' via a 70 meters (231 feet) long incline, which was operated by a steam cable winch. A flight of stairs inside this cave led through the cave to a station on the plateau 37 m (122 feet) above sea level, from which a long section of the track ran to the lighthouse. A storm destroyed the facilities at the Playa Escalera, whereupon ''Playa Pájaros'' was used for shipping, although it was 5 kilometers (3 miles) further away. The hurricane of September 1921 tore off the roof of a lighthouse storage room and damaged the kitchen and the industrial tramway. The US Department of Commerce Inspection Report of 1922 highlights the difficulties of getting to the lighthouse: After mooring through a narrow passage between the reefs with a wind blowing towards the shore, a mile long cactus-covered walkway on the beach from Playa de Pajaro to Cueva de Escalera had to be walked. Then the first tramway ran up the incline with a 50% gradient to the cave. A flight of the stairs led through the cave, and then another 1.8 km (6,000 feet) long tramway had to be used, which often derailed because the 22-year-old rails were already crumbling. As late as 1925, a stubborn donkey named ''Macario'' hauled the wagon covered by a makeshift sunshade canopy. The construction of an automobile track started in 1927, whereupon the tramway lost its importance. AERIAL VIEW LOOKING EAST - Isla de Mona Light, Mona Island, Cabo Rojo, Cabo Rojo Municipio, PR HAER PR,58-IMON,1-11.tif, Track to the
lighthouse A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of physical structure designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses and to serve as a beacon for navigational aid, for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways. Lighthouses mar ...
, 1968 Mona Island (cropped).JPG, End of the rail track at the lighthouse, 1913


Gauge

As the building material for the lighthouse was prefabricated and delivered by the French construction company Stapfer de Duclos & Cie, it may be assumed that a Decauville portable track with the metric gauge of instead of the imperial gauge of , which was more common in other parts of Puerto Rico.


U.S. National Register of Historic Places

The lighthouse, as "Faro de la Isla de la Mona", was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1981.


Other narrow gauge railways

Other narrow gauge railways on the island served the mining of
guano Guano (Spanish from qu, wanu) is the accumulated excrement of seabirds or bats. As a manure, guano is a highly effective fertilizer due to the high content of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, all key nutrients essential for plant growth. G ...
in the coastal caves. Most rails were removed from the caves over time. The only remaining stretch of track is the ''Cueva del Lirio''. A few long track segments with a track width of are still in situ in 1998 in the ''Cueva del Diamante'' and several other caves.Edward F. Frank
''History of the Guano Mining Industry, Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico.''
In: ''Journal of Cave and Karst Studies'', 60 (2), August 1998, S. 121-125.


References

{{coord, 43.9319, 143.3344, region:JP_type:landmark, display=title Narrow gauge railroads in Puerto Rico Buildings and structures in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico Historic district contributing properties in Puerto Rico 600 mm gauge railways 1896 establishments in Puerto Rico