Mohawk (1781 Ship)

''Mohawk'' (or ''Mohawke'') was a ship launched at Beverly, Massachusetts in 1781. She became a privateer, making two voyages. In 1782 the Royal Navy captured her and briefly took her into service under her existing name before selling her in 1783. She then became a merchantman until some investors in Bristol bought her in 1796 and turned her into a privateer again. In 1799 she became a letter of marque, but the French Navy captured her in 1801. She then served in the French Navy, capturing a British privateer in 1805, and was sold in 1814.

American privateer and capture

William Leach, William Bartlett, and other merchants of Beverly, Massachusetts, applied for a commission for Elias Smith as commander of the ship ''Mohawk'', which they received on 8 November 1781. ''Mohawk'' was a new ship, built especially for privateering.

On her first cruise ''Mohawk'' sent three prizes into Martinique. ''Lloyd's List'' of 7 June 1782 reported that in the latitude of Barbados, ''Mohawk'' had captured the ''Adventure'', Ingram or Bodkin, master, which had been sailing from Quebec to the West Indies. ''Mohawk'' took ''Adventure'' into Martinique. ''Adventure''s captain and boatswain arrived at Barbados in a cartel on 19 April. ''Mohawk'' also sent one prize, the ship ''Daniel'', formerly the ''Salem Packet'', into Beverly. ''Mohawk'' had captured ''Daniel'', Benjamin Bickford, master, as she was homeward bound from Bilboa.

Captain John Carnes, of Beverly, replaced Smith. He sailed on 6 September 1782, but the cruise was short-lived. On 5 October 1782, , Captain John Payne, captured ''Mohawk'' off Cape Ann. ''Mohawk'' was armed with 20 guns and had 106 or 108 men aboard. ''Enterprise'' landed her prisoners at Sandy Hook on 13 October. Two days later, Captain John Payne of ''Enterprise'' libeled ''Mohawk'' in the Vice-Admiralty Court at New York.

HMS ''Mohawk''

The Royal Navy purchased ''Mohawk'' immediately after her capture, and in November had her hull coppered at Antigua. A draught of ''Mohawk''s lines shows her as having ten gun ports on each side of her gun-deck, and nine ports on each side in the bulwarks of what is apparently a continuous upper deck.

The Navy then commissioned her in the Leeward Islands as a 14-gun sloop under Commander Robert Sutton. He sailed her to Great Britain, arriving at Deptford on 8 August 1783. The Navy never added her to the Navy List and instead sold her on 25 September for £1,120 to Samuel Scott.

''Mohawk''

''Mohawk'', of 280 tons (bm), and built in New England in 1781, entered ''Lloyd's Register'' in 1784 with J. Griffiths, master, and Scott & Co. owner. Her trade was London-Africa. She had been coppered in 1782.

Captain John Griffith sailed from London on 13 March 1784 to gather slaves on the Gold Coast. ''Mohawk'' gathered her slaves first in the Sierra Leone estuary, and then at Cape Coast Castle. She sailed from Africa on 9 May 1785 and arrived at Kingston, Jamaica on 11 July with 350 slaves. She sailed from Kingston on 16 August and arrived back at London on 13 October.

''Lloyd's Register'' for 1786 showed a change of ownership from Scott & Co. to St Barbe & Co., London. Her trade changed from London-Africa to London-Smyrna. Her master's name changed too, but is illegible.

In 1787, ''Lloyd's List'' reported that ''Mohawk'' was in Leghorn, from Smyrna. It gave her master's name as "J. Mooring".

The 1789 ''Lloyd's Register'' gave ''Mohawk''s origin as "New England", before changing it to "Philadelphia". Her master was J. Moring, her owner St Barbe, and her trade was London-Smyrna. The register did give her burthen as 204 tons (bm), but that is almost certainly a typo.

In 1789 ''Lloyd's List'' reported that on 21 October ''Mohawk'' had put into Malta in a hard gale of wind, and had sailed on 27 October. Her master was still J. Mooring.

On 10 August 1795, ''Mohawk'', American-built, of 284 tons, Thomas King, master, left Bristol for the West African coast. (There is no record to suggest that this voyage was for the purposes of slave trading.) She reached the Gold Coast and Anamabue (19–22 January 1796), Gabon (1 March), Bassau (24–29 March), Cape Mount (3–14 April), Isle de Los (c. 16 April), and Sierra Leone (17 April to 7 June). She then sailed directly back to Bristol, arriving 10 June.

In 1796 her owners offered ''Mohawk'' for sale by auction on 24 November at the Exchange Coffee House. The advertisement described her as of 285 tons (bm), but gave measurements that are at variance with those the Royal Navy took. The advertisement noted that she was pierced for 20 guns on her main deck and had most of her cannon. It also pointed out that in 1795 she had undergone a thorough repair, and that she was coppered and copper fastened. The advertisement suggested that she was fast and an excellent sea boat, perfectly suited to privateering.

Her buyers fitted her out in January 1797 as a privateer. James Baker, received a letter of marque on 5 January 1797 for the ship ''Mohawk'', of 100 men, and twenty-five 3, 6, and 9-pounder cannon and one swivel gun. She then sailed for the Cape Verde Islands on 25 March. On her way she encountered a French corvette of 20 guns. The two vessels exchanged fire for an hour and a half before the French vessel disengaged. ''Mohawk'' had one man wounded and some damage to her sails and rigging.

On 25 August 1797, ''Lloyd's List'' reported that ''Mohawk'', Baker, master, had put into St Jago with prizes, Spanish vessels carrying a cargo of fish. These were two brigs. ''Mohawk'' returned to Bristol on 30 October. Her owners must have been dissatisfied with their investment because they put her up for sale in November at Trent's Floating Dock.

The 1799 ''Lloyd's Register'' listed ''Mohawk''s master as "Kempthorn", her burthen as 284 tons (bm), her owner as "Hunters", and her trade as Bristol to Naples. James Kempthorne received a letter of marque on 20 November 1800. This letter gave her burthen as 296 tons (bm), her complement as 40 men, and her armament as twenty 4, 6, and 9-pounder guns. The reduction in crew size is indicative that ''Mohawk''s primary objective would now be trade, not privateering. In June 1800, an advertisement appeared stating that ''Mohawk'', Captain James Kempthorne, was prepared to sail in 10 days, without convoy, for Palermo and Naples.

The 1800 and 1801 ''Lloyd's Register''s repeated the information from 1799, but gave her name as ''Mohawke'', added an armament of twenty-two 3 and 4-pounder guns, and gave her burthen as 284 tons (bm).

On 27 March 1800 ''Mowhawk'' had a brush with a 14-gun French ship in the Bay of Biscay.

Capture and French naval service

On 24 June 1801, a squadron under Admiral Ganteaume was on an unsuccessful mission to bring troops to Egypt when it encountered , Captain Benjamin Hallowell, and captured her. In his report on the loss of his vessel, Hallowell also reported that the French squadron had, on 4 July, captured the letter-of-marque ''Mohawk'' between Lampedusa and Pantelleria as she was sailing between Bristol and Malta with general merchandise. On 6 October 1801 ''Lloyd's List'' reported that she had been captured while sailing from Bristol to Malta and that Kempthorne was at Toulon.

The French Navy commissioned ''Mohawk'' at Toulon, under her existing name, and effective from the date of her capture, initially under Poncel.

Between 3 December 1801 and 29 January 1803, during the Peace of Amiens, ''Mohawk'' was under the command of ''lieutenant de vaisseau'' Joseph-Antoine Ganteaume. She carried dispatches and passengers from Cap-François to Rochefort, Charente-Maritime.

Ganteaume, promoted to ''capitaine de frégate'' on 6 March 1805, was still in command of ''Mohawk'' on 23 to 24 May 1805, when she captured a British privateer named ''Neptune'', off Cap Roux (between Frejus and Cannes).''Fonds Maritime'', p.341. Ganteaume took command of ''Proserpine'' on 1 April 1809, and command of ''Mohawk'' then passed to ''lieutenant de vaisseau'' Lecrosnier.

On 13 February 1812, ''Mohawk'', under the command of ''lieutenant de vaisseau'' Lecrosnier, was escorting the fluyt ''Mérinos'' from Livorno to Sagone, Corsica, along with , under Lieutenant Baron de Mackau. They were off Cap Corse when they encountered .''Fonds Marine'', p.462. ''Apollo'' gave chase and overhauled ''Mérinos'', which struck after firing a token broadside. Becalmed, ''Mohawk'' launched her boats and attempted to have them tow her closer to the battle, but after seeing the surrender of ''Mérinos'', abandoned the attempt and escaped. ''Apollo'' gave chase and exchanged fire with ''Mohawk'' for two hours before giving up and sailing back to her prize. ''Mohawk'' then arrived at Saint-Florent.

Captain Bridges Taylor, of ''Apollo'' described ''Mérinos'' as a relatively new frigate-built storeship of 850 tons, pierced for 36 guns but carrying only twenty 8-pounders. She had a crew of 126 men under the command of ''captaine de frégate'' Honoré Coardonan, holder of the Légion d'Honneur. She was on her way to Sagone for timber. The French lost six killed and 20 wounded; the British, despite also coming under fire from the shore, suffered no casualties. Captain Gourdouan was court-martialled and acquitted of the loss of his ship.

Taylor further reported that although ''Mérinos'' had signaled to her escort, ''Mohawk'' had sailed away. Taylor reported that ''Mohawk'' was a British ship that had been captured in 1799, and that she had a crew of about 130 men, plus some conscripts.

Fate

''Mowhawk'' was decommissioned at Toulon and ordered sold on 16 June 1814.

Notes

Citations

References

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* Fonds Marine. Campagnes (opérations; divisions et stations navales; missions diverses). Inventaire de la sous-série Marine BB4. Tome premier : BB4 1 à 209 (1790-1804

* Fonds Marine. Campagnes (opérations; divisions et stations navales; missions diverses). Inventaire de la sous-série Marine BB4. Tome premier : BB4 210 à 482 (1805-1826

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohawk (1781 ship)
Massachusetts in the American Revolution
Privateer ships
Captured ships
London slave ships
Age of Sail merchant ships
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Corvettes of the French Navy
Sloops of the Royal Navy