Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar ( fa, محمدحسن خان قاجار), also spelled Muhammad and Hassan (1715–1759), chief of the Qoyunlu branch of the
Qajar tribe
Qajar Iran (), also referred to as Qajar Persia, the Qajar Empire, '. Sublime State of Persia, officially the Sublime State of Iran ( fa, دولت علیّه ایران ') and also known then as the Guarded Domains of Iran ( fa, ممالک م ...
of
Turkomans in the Caspian coastlands around
Astarabad
Gorgan ( fa, گرگان ; also romanized as ''Gorgān'', ''Gurgān'', and ''Gurgan''), formerly Esterabad ( ; also romanized as ''Astarābād'', ''Asterabad'', and ''Esterābād''), is the capital city of Golestan Province, Iran. It lies app ...
, was the son of
Fath Ali Khan
Fath-Ali Khan Qajar ( fa, فتحعلیخان قاجار; 1686–1726), was the Qajar chieftain of the Ashaqa-bash branch. He was a renowned military commander during the rule of the Safavid shahs Husayn and Tahmasp II. He was killed on t ...
and the father of
Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar ( fa, آقا محمد خان قاجار, translit=Âqâ Mohammad Xân-e Qâjâr; 14 March 1742 – 17 June 1797), also known by his regnal name of Agha Mohammad Shah (, ), was the founder of the Qajar dynasty of Iran, rul ...
, who founded the
Qajar dynasty
The Qajar dynasty (; fa, دودمان قاجار ', az, Qacarlar ) was an IranianAbbas Amanat, ''The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896'', I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 royal dynasty of Turkic peoples ...
of
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
.
Mohammad Hasan Khan was driven from Astarabad in the early 1740s, but after the death of
Nader Shah
Nader Shah Afshar ( fa, نادر شاه افشار; also known as ''Nader Qoli Beyg'' or ''Tahmāsp Qoli Khan'' ) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian h ...
in 1747, he appears to have joined
Shahrukh Afshar
Shahrokh Mirza ( fa, شاهرُخمیرزا; 1734–1796), better known by his dynastic title of Shahrokh Shah () was the Afsharid king (shah) of the western part of Khorasan (corresponding to the present-day Khorasan Province) from 1750 to 17 ...
and been appointed
beglerbeg
''Beylerbey'' ( ota, بكلربكی, beylerbeyi, lit= bey of beys, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords') was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Selj ...
of Astarabad and leader of all the nomadic groups in the province by
Soleyman II
Mir Sayyed Muhammad Marashi (June 1714May 1763), better known by his dynastic name of Suleiman II ( fa, شاه سلیمان), was a Safavid pretender who managed to briefly become ruler of some parts of Iran from 1749 to 1750. He was in charg ...
; after the latter was deposed, Mohammad Hasan became virtually independent and extended his power to
Mazandaran and
Gilan.
After the
khan of
Tabriz
Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...
,
Azad Khan Afghan
Azād Khān Afghān (Persian, ps, آزاد خان افغان), or Azād Shāh Afghān () (died 1781), was a Pashtun military commander and a major contender for supremacy in western Iran after the death of Nader Shah Afshar in 1747.Perry, J. R. ( ...
, attacked Mohammad Hasan Khan unsuccessfully, the latter counterattacked and ousted Azad Khan from
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...
in 1757, taking Tabriz without a fight (being welcomed by its inhabitants according to one account). After an expedition to ensure the obedience of the khanates of the
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...
, Mohammad Hasan Khan turned to face
Karim Khan Zand
Mohammad Karim Khan Zand ( fa, محمدکریم خان زند, Mohammad Karīm Khân-e Zand; ) was the founder of the Zand Dynasty, ruling from 1751 to 1779. He ruled all of Iran (Persia) except for Khorasan. He also ruled over some of the Cauc ...
; after some successes, penetrating as far south as
Shiraz
Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As o ...
, Karim Khan's most dangerous rival was defeated and killed in Mazandaran in early 1759.
[Richard Tapper, ''Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan'' (Cambridge University Press, 1997: ), p. 112.]
References
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Qajar, Mohammad Hasan Khan
1722 births
1759 deaths
Assassinated Iranian politicians
People murdered in Iran
Mohammad Hasan Khan
18th-century monarchs in the Middle East
People from Gorgan