Mohamed Talbi

Mohamed Talbi ( ar, محمد الطالبي), (16 September 1921Ataullah Siddiqui, ''Christian-Muslim dialogue in the twentieth century'', éd. Palgrave Macmillan, Londres, 1998, p. 136
/ref> – 1 May 2017) was a Tunisian historian and professor. He was the author of many books about Islam.

Biography

Professor Emeritus at University of Tunis, Mohamed Talbi was a Tunisian historian, Islamologist and scholar who authored a number of books and articles on the history of Islam and the Maghreb. Born in Tunis in 1921 and educated there and later in Paris, Talbi had an illustrious career, both as a historian of medieval North Africa and as a major theoretical thinker on Islam's nature and mission in the modern world.

Among Talbi's modern interests were religion and politics, Islam and democracy, Islam and human rights, women in Islam and Islam and religious pluralism, in the wider context of his general thinking on Qur'anic exegesis, historical analysis and religious epistemology. In his discussions of these subjects, Talbi made clear his dependence on the Quran and other traditional religious sources, while evincing also an easy incorporation of certain modern Western Ideas. Indeed, Talbi's own description of his upbringing and education in Tunisia, and in particular his doctoral studies in post-War Paris, reflected a relaxed attitude towards synthesising Islamic and modern Western thought, in both of which he possessed the requisite learning to effect such an integration. Talbi died on 1 May 2017.

Career

Mohamed Talbi devoted the best part of his career to teaching and researching medieval Maghreb and Mediterranean history. His profile was that of an atypical intellectual. After a long career teaching in primary and secondary schools, Talbi took and passed the Arab Studies competitive examination. On the eve of Tunisia's independence, he joined the Institute of Higher Education of Tunis. In 1955, he became the first Dean of the School of Letter and Human Sciences of Tunis. He also chaired the school's history department before devoting his full energies as director of the scientific journal '.

In 1968, Talbi defended his Ph.D. thesis at the Sorbonne. Entitled ''The Aghlabid Emirate, a political History'', it discusses Tunisia's first Muslim dynasty. Written with clarity and a forcefulness of expression, and supported by solid Arab and Latin sources, Talbi's thesis contributed greatly to a renewed understanding of a key period in the history of Ifriqiya and eastern Maghreb and the region's relationships with southern Italy. It also earned Talbi a place as one of the founders of the new school of Tunisian and Maghreb history.

Prolific and incisive, Talbi wrote a considerable number of articles and essays. He was one of the few to have addressed the history of slavery, and the key role played by slaves, in agriculture and economy.

Near the end of the 1990s, Talbi turned his reflections toward a deep and systematic meditation. His small book called ''Universality of the Quran'' is a lucid essay of synthesis and analysis. It is primarily in Talbi's latest writing that the historian adopted the style of a polemicist. Talbi was appointed president of the Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts between 2011 and 2012.

Views

Talbi rejected the direct association between Shura and democracy. He argued that, while desirable in itself, shura is from a time and place which had no conception of democracy as we know it. Indeed, says Talbi, neither Islam nor Western civilisation had this democratic conception before the modern period, when democracy, as political idea and practice was born- at least not democracy in our modern meaning of the term. For Talbi, democracy meant the voice of the people determining who rules and how they rule, with the associated notions of universal human rights, freedom of expression, religious pluralism and equality before the law. True democracy was for Talbi the proper political form for our age, as it embodies those values which for him constitute part of the original true Islam.

During thirty years, Talbi has participated in a number of official and personal dialogues with Christians in North Africa and Europe. In an article on Islam and the West, published in 1987, he complains about the current poverty of Muslim initiatives or even responses to Euro-Arab or Muslim-Christian dialogue. In a publication on the subject, he explicitly declared Islam to be open to dialogue with other faiths and cultures. For Talbi, the Muslim-Christian dialogue is not just a social event but a significant religious matter, and he has done everything possible to promote such dialogue in Tunisia and elsewhere.

Honours

Acknowledgement

* Member of the Real Academia de la Historia (1970)
* Member of the editorial team of the Encyclopaedia of Islam (1978)
* Member of the Universal academy of cultures (1994)
* President of the Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts (2011-2012)

Awards

* Premio letterario internazionale del Mediterraneo in Italy (1979)
* The Léopold Lucas Prize in Germany (1985)
* The Cultural National Prize in Tunisia (1987)
* The Literature National Prize in Tunisia (1991)
* Hiroshima Prize for Peace and Cultural in Sweden (1994)
* The Senator Giovanni Agnelli International Prize in Italy (1997)
* Ibn Khaldun Award in Humanities (2017).

Main publications

In French

* ''Al-Mukhassass d'Ibn Sïda : études et index'', ed. Imprimerie officielle, Tunis, 1956
* ''Histoire générale de la Tunisie'' (collective book), tome II « Le Moyen Âge », ed. Société tunisienne de diffusion, Tunis, 1965
* ''L'émirat aghlabide (186-296/800-909) : histoire politique'', ed. Adrien Maisonneuve, Paris, 1966 ()
* ''Biographies aghlabides extraites des Madarik du Cadi Iyād'' (critical edition), ed. Imprimerie officielle de la République tunisienne, Tunis, 1968
* ''Ibn Khaldûn et l'Histoire'', ed. Société tunisienne de diffusion, Tunis, 1965, republishing. Maison tunisienne de l'édition, Tunis, 1973, republishing. Cartaginoiseries, Carthage, 2006
* ''Islam en dialogue'', ed. Maison tunisienne d'édition, Tunis, 1970
* ''Islam et dialogue'', ''réflexion sur un thème d'actualité'', ed. Maison tunisienne d'édition, Tunis, 1972
* ''Étude d’histoire ifrîqiyenne et de civilisation musulmane médiévale'', ed. Université de Tunis, Tunis, 1982
* ''Réflexions sur le Coran'' (with Maurice Bucaille), ed. Seghers, Paris, 1989 ()
* ''Études sur la tolérance'' (collective book), ed. Beït El Hikma, Carthage, 1995
* ''Un respect têtu'' (with Olivier Clément), ed. Nouvelle Cité, Paris, 1995 ()
* ''Plaidoyer pour un islam moderne'', ed. Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, 1998 ()
* ''Penseur libre en islam. Un intellectuel musulman dans la Tunisie de Ben Ali'' (with Gwendoline Jarczyk), ed. Albin Michel, Paris, 2002 ()
* ''Universalité du Coran'', ed. Actes Sud, Arles, 2002 ()
* ''Oriente-Occidente : cartografías de una distancia'' irection ed. Fondation Marcelino Botín, Santander, 2004
* ''Réflexion d'un musulman contemporain'', ed. Fennec, Casablanca, 2005
* ''Afin que mon cœur se rassure'', ed. Nirvana, Tunis, 2010
* ''Gaza, barbarie biblique ou de l'extermination sacrée et humanisme coranique'', ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2010
* ''L'Islam n'est pas voile, il est culte : rénovation de la pensée musulmane'', ed. Cartaginoiseries, Carthage, 2010
* ''Goulag et démocratie'', ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2011
* ''À Benoît XVI'', ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2011
* ''Ma religion c'est la liberté : l'islam et les défis de la contemporanéité'', ed. Nirvana, Tunis, 2011 ()
* ''Histoire du Christ. Histoire d’une fraude textes à l’appui'', s. ed., Tunis, 2011Jean Fontaine, « Recension : Talbi Mohamed, ''Histoire du Christ'', ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2011 (555 p.) », ''Groupe de recherche islamo-chrétien'', 20 juin 2011

* ''Méditations sur le Coran : Vérité, rationalité, I'jaz scientifique'', ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2016
* ''Dieu est amour : guide du musulman coranique'', ed. Nirvana, Tunis, 2017

In Italian

* ''Rispetto nel dialogo. Islamismo e cristianesimo'' (with Olivier Clément), éd. San Paolo, Roma, 1994
* ''Un'urgenza dei tempi modern : il dialogo fra gli universi culturali'' (with Giovanni Agnelli & Marcello Pacini), ed. Fondation Giovanni Agnelli, Turino, 1997
* ''Le vie del dialogo nell'Islam'', ed. Fondation Giovanni Agnelli, Turino, 1999
* ''Islam e libero pensiero. Laicità e democrazia nel mondo musulmano'', ed. UTET Università, Milano, 2005
* ''Università del Corano'', ed. Jaca Book, Milano, 2007

In Dutch

* ''Dialog mit Afrika und dem Islam'' (with Léopold Sédar Senghor), ed. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, 1987

In Arabic

* ''Al-Turtûshî, al Hawâdith wa-l-Bida'' (), ed. Imprimerie officielle, Tunis, 1959
* ''Tarājim Aghlabīyah : mustakhrajah min Madārik al-Qādī ʻIyāḍ'' (), ed. Imprimerie officielle, Tunis, 1968
* ''Manhajiyyat lbn Khaldûn al-Tâ'rîkhiyya'' (), ed. Dâr al-Hadathâ, Beyrouth, 1981
* ''Dirāsāt fī tārīkh Ifrīqīyah wa-fī al-ḥaḍārah al-Islāmiyah fī al-ʻaṣr al-wasīṭ'' (), ed. University of Tunis, Tunis, 1982
* ''Al-dawlaẗu al-aġhlabiyyaẗ (184-296/800-909) : Al-tārīkẖ al-siyāsī'' (), ed. Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, Beyrouth, 1985
* ''Nahnou wa al-ġharb'' (), ed. Abdelkarim Ben Abdallah, Tunis, 1992 (Collective Work)
* ''Iyal Allah : Afkar Jadidah fi 'Alaqat al-Muslim bi-nafsihi wa bi al-Akharin'' (), ed. Cérès, Tunis, 1992
* ''Fi Tārīkh Ifrīqīyah'' (), ed. Beït El Hikma, Carthage, 1994
* ''Ummat al-Wasat'' (), ed. Cérès, Tunis, 1996
* ''Al-Islâm : Hurriyatun wa Hiwâr'' (), ed. Dâr al-Nahâr, Beyrouth, 1999
* ''Li yatma'inna qālbî : Quādhiyatû el-îmān'' (), ed. Cérès, Tunis, 2007
* ''Quādhiyatû al-Hâquîqua'' (), ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2015
* ''Dalil al-muslim al-Cor'ānî'' (), ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2016
* ''Al-Ṣiraa' al-lāhoutî fi Al-Qayrawân ayam al-aġhaliba'' (), ed. Sotumedias, Tunis, 2017

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Talbi, Mohamed
1921 births
2017 deaths
Muslim historians of Islam
20th-century Tunisian historians
21st-century Tunisian historians
Tunisian Quranist Muslims
Historians of the Mediterranean
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Members of the Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts