On June 5, 2010, in a covert American anti-terrorism operation named "Operation Arabian Knight", two American citizens Mohamed Mahmood Alessa and Carlos "Omar" Eduardo Almonte, New Jersey residents, were arrested at Kennedy International Airport in New York City. The men were in the process of boarding booked, separate flights to Egypt. According to the affidavit filed in support of the federal criminal complaint, they planned to travel to Somalia to join Al-Shabab, an

Al Qaeda Al-Qaeda (; , ) is an Islamic extremist organization composed of Salafist jihadists. Its members are mostly composed of Arabs, but also include other peoples. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military targets in various countr ...

-linked terrorist group recruiting foreigners for its civil war.Anti-Defamation League
“New Jersey Residents Arrested for Attempting to Join Somali-Based Terrorist Group”
June 7, 2010 They intended to join them in killing American troops in Somalia, although few Americans are stationed there. The two men were charged with conspiring to kill, maim, and kidnap people outside the U.S. The arrests followed that of the American Faisal Shahzad, characterized as a home-grown terrorist and charged in the failed Times Square bombing. The two men were denied bail, and a preliminary hearing was set for June 21 on the federal charges. On October 18, 2010, a federal judge gave their lawyers time to "attempt to finalize a

plea agreement A plea bargain (also plea agreement or plea deal) is an agreement in criminal law proceedings, whereby the prosecutor provides a concession to the defendant in exchange for a plea of guilt or '' nolo contendere.'' This may mean that the defendan ...

Investigation

The covert investigation of the two, known as "Operation Arabian Knight", had begun in October 2006 as two separate probes after the FBI and New Jersey State Homeland Security detectives received separate tips about the two men. The agents named the operation after a reference in Alessa's computer records, in which he had said he and Almonte were "Arabian knights." The U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court approved physical surveillance of the two men.

Arrests

The two men checked in at John F. Kennedy International Airport and were preparing to board separate connecting flights to Cairo, Egypt, one the 6:30 p.m. Boeing 777 flight on

Egyptair Egyptair (Egyptian Arabic Egyptian Arabic, locally known as Colloquial Egyptian ( ar, العامية المصرية, ), or simply Masri (also Masry) (), is the most widely spoken vernacular Arabic dialect in Egypt. It is part of the Afro-A ...

Flight 986 out of Terminal 4, the other a 9:55 p.m. Boeing 767 flight on Delta Air Lines Flight 84 out of Terminal 3. From there they planned to travel to Somalia by boat, to join Al-Shabab. The terminals, however, had a number of FBI agents and other members of the Joint Terrorism Task Force dressed as travelers. Law enforcement officers allowed the men to get into the jetway boarding ramps before arresting them. Federal prosecutors had insisted that the men be allowed to go to the airport, and begin the boarding process, to limit the chance they could later say they had abandoned their plans. This also enabled the FBI agents to hear any last-minute phone calls the men might make before boarding their flights. Authorities arranged the arrests to take place out of sight of other passengers, to avoid panic. Authorities decided that the best place for each arrest would be at the end of the jetway, by the emergency door, and that cars would await the agents and suspects below. As each suspect walked down the passageway from the gate to the plane, passengers behind him were held up. Out of sight of those on the plane and those waiting to board, each was confronted by federal agents. Alessa put up a fight, was pushed into a jetway wall, and suffered a red welt on his left temple and cuts on his face before he was handcuffed. Agents took him down the outside stairs to a waiting security car, and transported him to their facility. The 220-pound Almonte also reportedly resisted arrest, but was similarly apprehended. The Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) coordinated the arrests. JTTF agents were in place near the suspects' New Jersey homes before the arrests. As soon as the men were taken into custody, dozens of agents raided the two homes, taking away boxes of evidence. Federal counterterrorism officials said the investigation was ongoing, and that more arrests were anticipated.

Suspects

The parents have characterized the men as "troublemakers" and school records of them document a history of behavioral problems, threats and violence.

Mohamed Mahmood Alessa

Alessa was born in

Jersey City, New Jersey Jersey City is the second-most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey, after Newark.North Bergen, New Jersey, and was 20 years old at the time of his arrest. After the

September 11, 2001, attacks The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commerc ...

when other families on his block displayed American flags, his home hung a Palestinian flag. A neighbor, Luis Lainez, said: "not ... very patriotic, that puts up a red flag at the end of the day." Alessa reportedly began to tell other children in his

Boy Scout A Scout (in some countries a Boy Scout, Girl Scout, or Pathfinder) is a child, usually 10–18 years of age, participating in the worldwide Scouting movement. Because of the large age and development span, many Scouting associations have split ...

troop that

Osama bin Laden Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (10 March 1957 – 2 May 2011) was a Saudi-born extremist militant who founded al-Qaeda and served as its leader from 1988 until Killing of Osama bin Laden, his death in 2011. Ideologically a Pan-Islamism ...

was a hero in his family, and that he wanted to grow up to be a martyr. When other boys and their parents complained, he was asked to leave the group. As a teenager, he began to spend time with a gang who called themselves the P.L.O., after the Palestinian group, or the Arabian Knights. Alessa's parents sent him for the ninth grade to the Al-Huda High School, a private Islamic religious high school in

Paterson, New Jersey Paterson ( ) is the largest City (New Jersey), city in and the county seat of Passaic County, New Jersey, Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. He transferred to North Bergen High School in December 2004. Within three months, he was placed on administrative "home instruction," to be supervised by a security officer, because of "radicalized behavior that was very threatening," according to a school spokesman. In September 2005, he transferred to KAS Prep, an alternative high school for troubled youth in North Bergen, which he attended for one semester. He returned to North Bergen High School in March 2006. The school officials soon placed him on home instruction supervised by a security officer. Through 2005 and 2006, officials of both North Bergen and KAS Prep alerted the Department of Homeland Security about Alessa's escalating series of threats. The Islamic Center of East Orange asked for and received his transcript in October 2007, but it is not clear whether he attended the school. Alessa attended

Bergen Community College Bergen Community College is a public community college in Bergen County, New Jersey. It was founded in 1965 and opened in 1968. , it is the largest community college in the state, with sites in Paramus, Hackensack, and Lyndhurst and 13,352 stu ...

from the Spring of 2009 through the Spring of 2010. Officials at several schools described him as violent. Neighbors thought he was an observant Muslim, though one said he had seen Alessa drink alcohol, which is prohibited. While his beard was generally long, Alessa occasionally shaved it off, according to the neighbor. His landlord said Alessa had visited Jordan about two years prior to his arrest, for six months. Alessa reportedly said: "They only fear you when you have a gun and when you — when you start killing them, and when you — when you take their head, and you go like this, and you behead it on camera." He discussed carrying out a

suicide bombing A suicide attack is any violent attack, usually entailing the attacker detonating an explosive, where the attacker has accepted their own death as a direct result of the attacking method used. Suicide attacks have occurred throughout histor ...

in the U.S., stating the "only way I would come back here is if I was in the land of ''jihad'' and the leader ordered me to come back here and do something here." He allegedly would brandish a large knife and boast to family members about killing U.S. agents. Speaking of Nidal Malik Hasan, the US Army psychiatrist who killed 13 Americans at Fort Hood in 2009, Alessa said he would outdo him. According to court documents, he said: "A lot of people need to get killed, bro. Swear to God.... My soul cannot rest until I shed blood. I wanna, like, be the world's estknown terrorist." His mother said in his defense that "he's not a terrorist; he's a stupid kid."

Carlos "Omar" Eduardo Almonte

Almonte was born in Santiago in the Dominican Republic and came to the US with his family when he was five. He is a naturalized citizen, with joint U.S.-Dominican citizenship. He was 24 years old at the time of his arrest, and lived in Elmwood Park, New Jersey. He had graduated from Elmwood Park Memorial High School in 2005. While in high school, he was arrested in 2004 both for

aggravated assault An assault is the act of committing physical harm or unwanted physical contact upon a person or, in some specific legal definitions, a threat or attempt to commit such an action. It is both a crime and a tort and, therefore, may result in crim ...

, and for weapons possession. After growing up as a Christian, Almonte converted to Islam in 2004 (against the wishes of his father), and visited mosques in

Paterson Paterson may refer to: People * Paterson (surname) * Paterson (given name) Places Australia *Paterson, New South Wales *Paterson River, New South Wales * Division of Paterson, an electoral district in New South Wales *Paterson, Queensland, a lo ...

, and Union City, New Jersey. He renamed himself "Omar", and met Alessa in 2005. In March 2007, the FBI conducted a consensual search of his computer, which contained documents advocating ''jihad''. His father was so disgusted with his son Carlos that he did not go to Almonte's hearing, saying: "I'm not supporting anybody that does something wrong."

"Death to all Juice"

Almonte had posted a photo on his Facebook page, holding a large placard that read, "Death to all Juice"(sic), which he displayed at the 2008 Israel Day Parade in New York City. At the time of its public release, the photo sparked a debate over whether the man was an illiterate anti-Semite, or a pro-Israel plant trying to make the protesters appear to be illiterate anti-Semites. A supervisor at a New Jersey computer shop at which Almonte worked for more than a year said: "I'm telling you, this kid is not smart." Pamela Hall, a NYC blogger, took a picture of Carlos Almonte on December 28, 2008, outside the Israeli Consulate in NYC. It was at the end of an anti-Israel protest march that started at Fifth Avenue and 50th street.

Collective activities

The two lived apart in New Jersey. They had been under FBI scrutiny since October 2006, when Alessa was still a teenager. A New York Police Department undercover officer recorded their discussions of their plans at a number of meetings. The two reportedly traveled to Jordan in February 2007, where they tried without success to enter Iraq. According to Almonte, they tried unsuccessfully to become mujahedeen to fight against U.S. troops, and were "upset with the individuals who failed to recruit them". According to the criminal complaint, they had practiced simulated combat at an outdoor paintball facility in West Milford, New Jersey. They had also engaged in tactical training, trained in hand-to-hand combat, and acquired military gear and combat apparel. Prosecutors noted that the 11 men convicted in the Virginia Jihad Network had also used paintball training to simulate small-unit tactical operations. Officials noted that five Muslims later convicted of a plot to kill American soldiers at Fort Dix, New Jersey had also done paintball training. Alessa and Almonte were followers of the Islamic Thinkers Society (ITS), a radical Islamist group based in New York that often holds joint events with Revolution Muslim. Both groups are offshoots of

Al Muhajiroun Al-Muhajiroun ( ar, المهاجرون, "The Emigrants") is a proscribed militant network based in Saudi Arabia. The founder of the group was Omar Bakri Muhammad, a Syrian who previously belonged to ''Hizb ut-Tahrir''; he was not permitted to re ...

, a pro-

al Qaeda Al-Qaeda (; , ) is an Islamic extremist organization composed of Salafist jihadists. Its members are mostly composed of Arabs, but also include other peoples. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military targets in various countr ...

British Islamist extremist group. CNN posted a photo of the two men as part of a protest in New York City, a week before their arrests, which was organized by the Islamic Thinkers Society. During an ITS protest against the Israeli Day Parade in New York in May 2010, Alessa led an anti-Jewish chant. Alessa also attended ITS and RM rallies in Washington, D.C. in March 2010. He was recorded in videos standing next to

Zachary Chesser Zachary Adam Chesser (born December 22, 1989) is an American convicted in 2010 for aiding al-Shabaab, which is aligned with al-Qaeda, and has been designated a terrorist organization by the U.S. government. After pleading guilty, Chesser was se ...

. Chesser has since been arrested and charged for trying to join Al Shabaab in Somalia. Regarding the U.S. soldiers overseas, Almonte reportedly said: "I just want the troops to come back home safely and cozily." "In body bags – in caskets," Alessa said. "In caskets," Almonte agreed. "Sliced up in a thousand pieces, cozy in the grave, in hell," added Alessa.

Possible influences

Anwar al-Awlaki sitting on couch, lightened

Authorities said the two New Jersey men had been followers of the American-born cleric, Anwar Al-Awlaki, known for increasing radicalism after 2006. The men were known to have watched video and audio recordings promoting violent ''jihad'', including lectures by al-Awlaki, who is suspected of inciting Muslims to violence. Almonte reportedly kept an audio recording of al-Awlaki on his cell phone, in which al-Awlaki lectured about ''jihad'' and different types of martyrs, watched a jihadist video in which al-Awlaki justified the killing of civilians in ''jihad'', and shared with others a pamphlet on ''jihad'' by al-Awlaki. Al-Awlaki has praised the group, al-Shabab. Authorities said the two men were among a number of U.S. terrorism suspects inspired by al-Awlaki. He is believed to have helped inspire the

2009 Fort Hood shooting On November 5, 2009, a mass shooting took place at Fort Hood, near Killeen, Texas. Nidal Hasan, a U.S. Army major and psychiatrist, fatally shot 13 people and injured more than 30 others. It was the deadliest mass shooting on an American mi ...

, the failed 2009 Christmas Day bombing, the failed 2010 Times Square bombing, and those convicted in the 2007 Fort Dix plot.

Charges and plea negotiations

The suspects were charged with conspiring to kill, maim, and kidnap people outside the U.S. The same law has been used in the 2010 charging of

Colleen LaRose Colleen Renée LaRose (born June 5, 1963), also known as Jihad Jane and Fatima LaRose, is an American citizen who was convicted and sentenced to 10 years for terrorism-related crimes, including conspiracy to commit murder and providing material ...

, otherwise known as Jihad Jane. If convicted, they could each face a sentence of life in prison, and fines of up to $250,000. Federal prosecutors will reportedly seek life sentences in the case. On June 7, 2010, the men appeared before Magistrate Judge Madeline Cox Arleo in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey in Newark, New Jersey. Lawyers were appointed to represent them, and a bail hearing was scheduled for June 10, and a preliminary hearing for June 21 on the charges they face. On June 10, Magistrate Arleo denied the two men bail, citing the seriousness of the charges against them, the credibility of the evidence, and the risk of flight. They are being held at the Brooklyn Metropolitan Detention Center. On October 18, 2010, a federal judge gave their lawyers time to "attempt to finalize a

." In March 2011, they accepted a plea deal and admitted they wanted to try to join al-Shabab, an Al Qaeda-affiliated group and admitted they were part of a conspiracy to kill, maim, and kidnap.

Related charges and guilty plea

Mohamed Osman, 19 years old, of

Bayonne, New Jersey Bayonne ( ) is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Located in the Gateway Region, Bayonne is situated on a peninsula located between Newark Bay to the west, the Kill Van Kull to the south, and New York Bay to the east. As of ...

, pleaded guilty on September 15, 2010, before Senior U.S. District Judge

Dickinson R. Debevoise Dickinson Richards Debevoise (April 23, 1924 – August 14, 2015) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. Education and career Born on April 23, 1924, in Orange, New Jersey, Debevoi ...

making materially false statements to members of the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force who were investigating Alessa and Almonte. Osman had denied knowing about the two men's plans but later admitted that was a lie. He faced a potential eight years in jail and $250,000 fine at sentencing on December 20, 2010. On June 20, 2013, Osman was sentenced to 18 months in federal prison. On April 15, 2013, Mohamed Hamoud Alessa was sentenced to 22 years in prison, and Carlos Eduardo Almonte was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

Al-Shabab

When arrested, the two men had planned to join the Islamic extremist group Al-Shabaab in Somalia. Al-Shabab was designated a terrorist group by the U.S. in 2008. It has several thousand militants, and claims ideological kinship with

al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda (; , ) is an Islamic extremism, Islamic extremist organization composed of Salafist jihadists. Its members are mostly composed of Arab, Arabs, but also include other peoples. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military ta ...

. It recruits foreigners for its civil war in Somalia, not jihad. An estimated 20 Americans have joined it, of whom a dozen have been killed in Somalia, according to their friends and families. As a result, since 2007-2008, interest among Americans in the group has declined, according to analysts. The group's Islamist ideology calls for punishments of amputations and public stonings for violations of Islamic law; their rule has been severe, prohibiting music and television, and the wearing of bras by women. Al-Shabab was also praised by

prior to his death in May 2011. Its leaders have reputedly worked closely with terrorists of al-Qaeda in Yemen and Pakistan. It is thought to have harbored al-Qaeda terrorists responsible for the 1998 Kenya and Tanzania U.S. embassy bombings. Sheik Abdirisaq Mohamed Qaylow, a spokesman for the Somalia Ministry of Information, welcomed the arrests of Alessa and Almonte, saying: "Foreign terrorists here are an obstacle to lasting peace in Somalia. So we welcome the move and we are calling on all governments to take such steps against al-Shabab and all terrorists at large".

Reaction

Bernard Kerik, former New York City Police Commissioner from 2000 to 2001 and Secretary of Homeland Security nominee blogged that since 9/11, he and several others had predicted that "some of our greatest threats would eventually come from within, from home grown and naturalized citizens who were radicalized and hate this country", and that the arrests of Alessa and Almonte were an example of that.

References

External links

Criminal Complaint in ''U.S. v. Alessa''
U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey, June 4, 2010
"Two New Jersey Men Arrested and Charged With Conspiring to Kill Persons Outside the United States — Defendants Allegedly Intended to Join Designated Foreign Terrorist Organization Al Shabaab"
Press Release, U.S. Attorney's Office, District of New Jersey, June 6, 2010 {{DEFAULTSORT:Knight, Operation Arabian Anwar al-Awlaki People imprisoned on charges of terrorism Islamic terrorism in New York (state) 2010 in New York City