Modruš (Croatia) - selo i ruševine Tržan-grada

Modruš is a village, former bishopric and current Latin Catholic

titular see A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbish ...

in the mountainous part of

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

, located south of its municipality's seat

Josipdol Josipdol is a village and municipality in Karlovac County, Croatia. It is part of Lika region. Geography Josipdol is situated in the Ogulin-Plaški valley which together with Lika Lika () is a traditional region of Croatia proper, roughly bou ...

( Karlovac County), on the easternmost slopes of Velika Kapela mountain, in northern

Lika Lika () is a traditional region of Croatia proper, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the Plješevica mountain from the northeast. On the north-west end Lika is bounded by Ogulin-Plaški basin, and on the south-east by ...

. The population was 169 in the census of 2011.

History

One of the counties in the Kingdom of Croatia (in personal union with Hungary) was partially named Modruš-Rijeka County after the town. From 1193 until 1553 Modruš and the large surrounding estate was owned by members of the

Frankopan The House of Frankopan ( hr, Frankopani, Frankapani, it, Frangipani, hu, Frangepán, la, Frangepanus, Francopanus), was a Croatian noble family, whose members were among the great landowner magnates and high officers of the Kingdom of Croati ...

noble family, who were living in the Tržan castle above the medieval settlement.

Ecclesiastical history

* During the 1460s, due to the Ottoman (Turkish) advance in

Dalmatia Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...

, the medieval Catholic

Diocese of Corbavia Krbava (; ) is a historical region located in Mountainous Croatia and a former Catholic bishopric (1185–1460), precursor of the diocese of Modruš an present Latin titular see. It can be considered either located east of Lika, or indeed as th ...

(established in 1185 at Udbina, in

Krbava Krbava (; ) is a historical region located in Mountainous Croatia and a former Catholic bishopric (1185–1460), precursor of the diocese of Modruš an present Latin titular see. It can be considered either located east of Lika, or indeed as th ...

region -hence the name-, including the county of Modruš) was formally suppressed by Pope Pius II, but its territory immediately reassigned to establish as successor see the Diocese of Modruš (Croatian = Curiate Italian) / Modrussa / (Latin), named after its new see, near

Fiume Rijeka ( , , ; also known as Fiume hu, Fiume, it, Fiume ; local Chakavian: ''Reka''; german: Sankt Veit am Flaum; sl, Reka) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located in Primor ...

(Rijeka), at the rock fortress of the Frankopan counts (now in the comune

). Again it was a

suffragan A suffragan bishop is a type of bishop in some Christian denominations. In the Anglican Communion, a suffragan bishop is a bishop who is subordinate to a metropolitan bishop or diocesan bishop (bishop ordinary) and so is not normally jurisdictiona ...

of the Metropolitan

Archdiocese of Spalato The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Split-Makarska ( hr, Splitsko-makarska nadbiskupija; la, Archidioecesis Spalatensis-Macarscensis) is a Metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Croatia and Montenegro.

(Split). * Due to a Croat defeat against the Turks at Udbina in (1493), the episcopal see was again transferred, now to

Novi Vinodolski Novi Vinodolski (, often also called Novi or ''Novi del Vinodol'' o ''Novi in Valdivino'' in Italian) is a town on the Adriatic Sea coast in Croatia, located south of Crikvenica, Selce and Bribir and north of Senj. The population of Novi is 3,988 ...

(Italian Novi in Valdivino), south-east of Fiume, but kept Modruš as its title. * Turkish raids having devastated the nearly-abandoned bishopric since the 1560s, its administration was vested in the nearby

Diocese of Segna In Ecclesiastical polity, church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided Roman province, pro ...

, and in 1630 Pope Urban VIII united both sees in

personal union A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, would involve the constituent states being to some extent interlink ...

, formally remaining separate suffragans of Spalato, as confirmed in 1833 by papal bulla from Gregory XVI. They became known (informally, incorrectly) as the Roman Catholic Diocese of Senj-Modruš. * By the 19th century, besides the cathedral little survived the Turkish rule, except its

Chapter of Canons A chapter ( la, capitulum or ') is one of several bodies of clergy in Roman Catholic, Old Catholic, Anglican, and Nordic Lutheran churches or their gatherings. Name The name derives from the habit of convening monks or canons for the read ...

, divided in three parts residing in the diocese's last

parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or m ...

es : Novi itself, Bribir and Buccari. * In the first half of the 18th century, Segna and Modruš became suffragans in the

ecclesiastical province An ecclesiastical province is one of the basic forms of jurisdiction Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' + 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United State ...

of the Hungarian Archdiocese of Kalocsa, then from 8 March 1788 suffragans of the Slovenian Archdiocese of Ljubljana, but 19 August 1807 returned to Kalocsa, until 11 December 1852 they became part of the

of the Croatian

Archdiocese of Zagreb The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb ( hr, Zagrebačka nadbiskupija, la, Archidioecesis Zagrebiensis) is the central archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Croatia, centered in the capital city Zagreb. It is the metropolitan see of Croatia, an ...

. * On 27 July 1969 by

Paul VI Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City, Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his ...

's papal bulla 'Coetu intante', Modruš was united with the Diocese of Rijeka–Opatija (Fiume in Italian), which was elevated to Metropolitan archbishopric and renamed

Archdiocese of Rijeka–Senj The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Rijeka ( hr, Riječka nadbiskupija i Metropolita; la, Archidioecesis Metropolitae Fluminensis) is a Latin Catholic Metropolitan archdiocese in Croatia. Its episcopal seat is Rijeka Cathedral, de ...

(Fiume-Segna), by privilege bearing the 'additional' title Bishops of Modruš.

Residential Bishops of Modruš

(all

Roman Rite The Roman Rite ( la, Ritus Romanus) is the primary liturgical rite of the Latin Church, the largest of the ''sui iuris'' particular churches that comprise the Catholic Church. It developed in the Latin language in the city of Rome and, while dist ...

) ;''Suffragan Bishops of Modruš'' * Niccolò di Cattaro (October 1461 – ?) * Cristoforo da Ragusa (1480.05.29 – death 1498?99) * Giacomo Dragazio (12 April 1499 – death 1499.09.07) * Simone de Begno (1509.11.07 – death 1536.03) * Pierpaolo Vergerio (1536.05.05 – 1536.09.06), previously Apostolic Nuncio (papal ambassador) to

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

(1533 – 1535); later Bishop of

Koper Koper (; it, Capodistria, hr, Kopar) is the fifth largest city in Slovenia. Located in the Istrian region in the southwestern part of the country, approximately five kilometres () south of the border with Italy and 20 kilometres () from Triest ...

(Capodistria,

Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...

) (1536.09.06 – retired 1549.07.03), died 1565 * Ermolao Ermolai,

Observant Franciscans The Order of Friars Minor (also called the Franciscans, the Franciscan Order, or the Seraphic Order; postnominal abbreviation OFM) is a mendicant Catholic religious order, founded in 1209 by Francis of Assisi. The order adheres to the teac ...

(O.F.M. Obs.) (1536.11.06 – death 1537) * Giovanni Evangelista Brachi,

Benedictine Order , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , foun ...

(O.S.B.) (1537.08.17 – death 1537?38) * Diego de Loaysa, Recollect Augustinians (O.A.R.) (1538.03.11 – resigned 1549) * Alberto Divini = Gliričić,,

Dominican Order The Order of Preachers ( la, Ordo Praedicatorum) abbreviated OP, also known as the Dominicans, is a Catholic mendicant order of Pontifical Right for men founded in Toulouse, France, by the Spanish priest, saint and mystic Dominic of Cal ...

(O.P.) (1549.07.26 – 1550.03.19), next Bishop of

Krk Krk (; it, Veglia; ruo, Krk; dlm, label= Vegliot Dalmatian, Vikla; la, Curicta; grc-gre, Κύρικον, Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kota ...

(Veglia, Croatia) (1550.03.19 – 1564) and

Apostolic Administrator An Apostolic administration in the Catholic Church is administrated by a prelate appointed by the pope to serve as the ordinary for a specific area. Either the area is not yet a diocese (a stable 'pre-diocesan', usually missionary apostolic admi ...

Diocese of Skradin The Diocese of Skradin or Scardona ( la, Dioecesis Scardonensis) is an episcopal titular see and former Roman Catholic bishopric with see in Skradin, central Dalmatia (coastal Croatia).Diocese of Veglia The Diocese of Krk ( hr, Krčka biskupija; la, Dioecesis Veglensis) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church active on the Croatian islands of Krk, Rab, Cres and Lošinj, as well as a few smaller ones and also a mis ...

(Krk) (?-1560)'' * Dionigi Pieppi, O.P. (1560.07.17 – 156?) * Jovan Kosisić (mentioned in 1564) * ''See administrated by

(Senj)'' :'' From 1630, due to the sees'

, see

Diocese of Senj In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associate ...

(Segna).''

Titular see

The diocese was nominally restored in 2000 as Latin Titular bishopric of Modruš (Croatian = Curiate Italian) / Modrussa / (Latin). It has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank : *

Dominick John Lagonegro Dominick John Lagonegro (born March 6, 1943) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New York from 2001 to 2018. Biography Early life An only child, Dominick Lagonegro wa ...

(2001.10.30 – ...), as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of New York (USA) (2001.10.30 – ...).

Notable locals

Bernardin Frankopan Bernardin Frankopan (1453–1529) was a Croatian nobleman Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with ma ...

* Krsto (Christopher) Frankopan * Beatrica Frankopan *

Nicholas of Modruš Nicholas of Modruš ( hr, Nikola Modruški/Kotarski, c. 1427 – 1480), born in Boka Kotorska, was a bishop of Modruš in Lika, the Pope's representative at the courts of King Stephen Tomašević of Bosnia and King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary ...

References

Sources and external links

Modruš – a part of the Croatian glagolitic heritage

History of Modruš

; Bibliography - ecclesiastical history * Pius Bonifacius Gams, ''Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae'', Leipzig 1931, pp. 388–389, 399 * ''Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques'', vol. XIII, 1956, coll. 805-806 * K. Draganovic, ''Croazia sacra'', Rome 1943, pp. 197–198 * 'Stato della diocesi a fine Ottocento' in ''Acta Sanctae Sedis'', 9 (1876), pp. 292–293 * Bulla 'Apostolici nostri', in ''Iuris pontificii de propaganda fide'', vol. V, pp. 62–64 * Bulla ''Coetu instante'', on vatican.va. * Konrad Eubel, ''Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi'', vol. 1, p. 208; vol. 2, p. 136; vol. 3, p. 247; vol. 4, p. 309 Populated places in Karlovac County Catholic titular sees in Europe Former Roman Catholic dioceses in Croatia Archaeological sites in Croatia Lika {{Karlovac-geo-stub