The mode of
electromagnetic
In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interacti ...
systems describes the field pattern of the propagating waves.
Some of the classifications of electromagnetic modes include;
* Modes in waveguides and transmission lines. These modes are analogous to the
normal mode
A normal mode of a dynamical system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation. The free motion described by the normal modes takes place at fixed frequencies ...
s of vibration in mechanical systems.
[
** Transverse modes, modes that have at least one of the electric field and magnetic field entirely in a transverse direction.][
*** Transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM), as with a free space plane wave, both the electric field and magnetic field are entirely transverse.
*** Transverse electric (TE) modes, only the electric field is entirely transverse. Also notated as H modes to indicate there is a longitudinal magnetic component.
*** Transverse magnetic (TM) modes, only the magnetic field is entirely transverse. Also notated as E modes to indicate there is a longitudinal electric component.
** Hybrid electromagnetic (HEM) modes, both the electric and magnetic fields have a component in the longitudinal direction. They can be analysed as a ]linear superposition
The superposition principle, also known as superposition property, states that, for all linear systems, the net response caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses that would have been caused by each stimulus individually. So th ...
of the corresponding TE and TM modes.[
*** HE modes, hybrid modes in which the TE component dominates.
*** EH modes, hybrid modes in which the TM component dominates.
*** Longitudinal-section modes][
**** Longitudinal-section electric (LSE) modes, hybrid modes in which the electric field in one of the transverse directions is zero
**** Longitudinal-section magnetic (LSM) modes, hybrid modes in which the magnetic field in one of the transverse directions is zero
**The term ''eigenmode'' is used both as a synonym for mode]eigenfunctions
In mathematics, an eigenfunction of a linear map, linear operator ''D'' defined on some function space is any non-zero function (mathematics), function f in that space that, when acted upon by ''D'', is only multiplied by some scaling factor calle ...
in a eigenmode expansion analysis of waveguides.[
* Modes in other structures
** Bloch modes, modes of Bloch waves; these occur in periodically repeating structures.][
Mode names are sometimes prefixed with ''quasi-'', meaning that the mode is not quite pure. For instance, quasi-TEM mode has a small component of longitudinal field.][
]
References
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Wave mechanics
Electromagnetic radiation
Microwave transmission