![Mlynow c](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Mlynow_c.jpg)
Mlyniv ( uk, Млинів; pl, Młynów) is an
urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, ab ...
in
Rivne Oblast
Rivne Oblast ( uk, Рі́вненська о́бласть, translit=Rivnenska oblast), also referred to as Rivnenshchyna ( uk, Рі́вненщина) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its administrative center is Rivne. The surface area of th ...
(
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
) in western
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
. Mlyniv was also formerly the administrative center of
Mlyniv Raion, housing the district's local administration buildings, although it is now administrated under
Dubno Raion
Dubno Raion ( uk, Дубенський район) is a raion in Rivne Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in Dubno. Population:
On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions o ...
. Its population was 8,446 as of the
2001 Ukrainian Census
The Ukrainian Census of 2001 is to date the only census of the population of independent Ukraine. It was conducted by the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on 5 December 2001, twelve years after the last Soviet Union census in 1989. .
The current population is
The settlement is located on the banks of the Ikva River, a tributary of the
Styr.
[ It acquired the status of an ]urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, ab ...
in 1959 in Soviet Ukraine
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
.
History
The settlement has a long history. Archaeological excavations confirm that its territory was populated at least since the first millennium BCE.[Bukhalo, H., Vovk, A. ]
Mlyniv, Mlyniv Raion, Rivne Oblast (Млинів, Млинівський район, Ровенська область)
'. The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR
''The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR'' ( uk, Історія міст і сіл Української РСР) is a Ukrainian encyclopedia, published in 26 volumes. It provides knowledge about the history of all populated places ...
. At its northern outskirts on the right bank of the river Ikva, traces of a flint tool shop and remnants of the old Ruthenian settlement of Muravytsia, mentioned in chronicles from 1149, were discovered.[
Mlyniv itself was first mentioned when Grand Duke ]Alexander Jagiellon
Alexander Jagiellon ( pl, Aleksander Jagiellończyk, lt, Aleksandras Jogailaitis; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV Jag ...
gave it away to someone by the name of Bobr sometime in beginning of 16th century.[ In 1508 it became a private property of the governor of Kremenets, Montaut.][ Because the settlement's ownership changed often, it suffered greatly due to an increase in exploitation and the implementation of higher taxes and dues.][ In 1566 the Volhynian Voivodeship, ]Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Lit ...
was formed, and the settlement became a part of it. In 1568 Prince attacked and robbed the village.[ After the 1569 ]Union of Lublin
The Union of Lublin ( pl, Unia lubelska; lt, Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time. It replaced the per ...
, the Volhynian Voivodeship became part of the Crown of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: ''Corona Regni Poloniae''), known also as the Polish Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, includi ...
. By the 17th century population of the settlement was no higher than 300 people.[
During the ]Khmelnytskyi Uprising
The Khmelnytsky Uprising,; in Ukraine known as Khmelʹnychchyna or uk, повстання Богдана Хмельницького; lt, Chmelnickio sukilimas; Belarusian: Паўстанне Багдана Хмяльніцкага; russian: ...
, the settlement supported the rebelling Cossacks.[ In spring of 1648 the insurgents destroyed the neighboring mansion of Muravytsia.][ The struggle against the Crown of Poland did not stop with signing of the Muscovite–Polish ]treaty of Andrusovo
The Truce of Andrusovo ( pl, Rozejm w Andruszowie, russian: Андрусовское перемирие, ''Andrusovskoye Pieriemiriye'', also sometimes known as Treaty of Andrusovo) established a thirteen-and-a-half year truce, signed in 1667 bet ...
.[ At the time of ]The Ruin
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
, Ukrainian poet and important public figure Danylo Bratkovsky lived in Mlyniv; he supported the armed uprising of Semen Paliy
Semen Paliy ( uk, Семен Палiй, pl, Semen Palej) (c. 1645 – 1710) was a Ukrainian Cossack polkovnyk (colonel). Born in Chernihiv region, Paliy settled in Zaporizhian Sich at a very young age and gained fame as a brave fighter and ...
(see Paliy uprising
Paliy uprising (also Palej uprising) was a Cossack uprising, led by colonel Semen Paliy against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1702-1704.
In 1699 a new Polish king Augustus II disbanded the Cossack militia and signed a peace treaty wit ...
)[ and sought unification of all of Ukraine on both banks of the ]Dnieper River
}
The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine an ...
. Bratkovsky wrote an official statement to the people with a call to stand against the efforts of Jesuits
, image = Ihs-logo.svg
, image_size = 175px
, caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits
, abbreviation = SJ
, nickname = Jesuits
, formation =
, founders = ...
and Uniates
The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-Rite Catholic Churches, Eastern Rite Catholicism, or simply the Eastern Churches, are 23 Eastern Christian autonomous ('' sui iuris'') particular churches of t ...
(Ruthenian Uniate Church
The Ruthenian Uniate Church ( Belarusian: Руская Уніяцкая Царква; Ukrainian: Руська Унійна Церква; la, Ecclesia Ruthena unita; pl, Ruski Kościół Unicki) was a particular church of the Catholic Church ...
).[
After extinguishing the peasant revolts, the new owner of the settlement, Prince ]Chodkiewicz
The House of Chodkiewicz ( be, Хадкевіч; lt, Chodkevičius) was one of the most influential noble families of Lithuanian- Ruthenian descent within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th and 17th century.Chester S. L. Dunning, ...
, built a new palace and (Roman Catholic church).[ In Soviet, Russian and later Ukrainian historiography, the term is used to emphasize a policy of ]Polonization
Polonization (or Polonisation; pl, polonizacja)In Polish historiography, particularly pre-WWII (e.g., L. Wasilewski. As noted in Смалянчук А. Ф. (Smalyanchuk 2001) Паміж краёвасцю і нацыянальнай ідэя ...
and Catholization.
It was granted Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...
by the Polish king in 1789, before the Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian W ...
. In 1792 the settlement was visited by Polish national hero Tadeusz Kościuszko
Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko ( be, Andréj Tadévuš Banavientúra Kasciúška, en, Andrew Thaddeus Bonaventure Kosciuszko; 4 or 12 February 174615 October 1817) was a Polish military engineer, statesman, and military leader who ...
.[ Following the ]partition of Poland
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...
, in 1795 Mlyniv was included at first to the Volhynian Viceroyalty and in two years to Dubno County of the Podolia Governorate
The Podolia Governorate or Podillia Governorate (), set up after the Second Partition of Poland, was a governorate (''gubernia'', ''province'', or ''government'') of the Russian Empire from 1793 to 1917, of the Ukrainian People's Republic from 1 ...
.[ After 1804 it was made part of the ]Volhynian Governorate
Volhynian Governorate or Volyn Governorate (russian: Волы́нская губе́рния, translit=Volynskaja gubernija, uk, Волинська губернія, translit=Volynska huberniia) was an administrative-territorial unit initially ...
,[ ]Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
.
Russian period
A small but growing Jewish community was present in Mlyniv in the early 1800s when the area became part of Russia in the Second Partition of Poland. In the 1850 revision list (census), there were a total of 27 Jewish households, 48 different family names, and 202 total Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
in the town. Most of them had been in the town at least as early as 1834. In the 1858 revision list, the Jewish population had grown to 280 Jews. A history of the Mlyniv Jewish community is now available.
In 1840s Mlyniv was visited by Polish writer-ethnographer Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (28 July 1812 – 19 March 1887) was a Polish writer, publisher, historian, journalist, scholar, painter, and author who produced more than 200 novels and 150 novellas, short stories, and art reviews, which makes him the ...
who described Mlyniv () and mentioned Chodkiewicz Palace in his work "Recollections from Volhynia, Polesie, and Lithuania".[
After the 1861 Russian agrarian reform, the local peasants had to pay ''chynsh'' (]quit-rent
Quit rent, quit-rent, or quitrent is a tax or land tax imposed on occupants of freehold or leased land in lieu of services to a higher landowning authority, usually a government or its assigns.
Under feudal law, the payment of quit rent (Latin ...
), eight pood
''Pood'' ( rus, пуд, r=pud, p=put, plural: or ) is a unit of mass equal to 40 ''funt'' (, Russian pound). Since 1899 it is set to approximately 16.38 kilograms (36.11 pounds). It was used in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. ''Pood'' was first m ...
s of grain from one morgue ().[ As of the 1860s the town had a sawmill, a small wine distillery, a simple iron-casing shop which accounted for some 60 workers in 1903–1904.][ Fishing in local rivers was prohibited for the local population.][ There were a couple of big fires in 1858 and 1905 which destroyed some 60 buildings.][
During the ]1905 Revolution
The Russian Revolution of 1905,. also known as the First Russian Revolution,. occurred on 22 January 1905, and was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire. The mass unrest was directed again ...
, the iron casting shop fell under the influence of the Konotop
Konotop ( uk, Конотоп ) is a city in Sumy Oblast in northeastern Ukraine. Konotop serves as the administrative center of Konotop Raion. Konotop is located about 129 km from Sumy, the oblast administrative center. It is host to K ...
branch of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.[ According to a memoir by Clara Fram, the iron casting shop was owned by her great-grandfather, Moshe Gruber, one of the Jewish families in town. In summer of 1906, strikes and demonstrations in Mlyniv involved some 200 workers and caused local authorities to request help from Dubno County authorities.][ The revolutionary activities ceased by December 1906, after which Dubno dispatched a police cavalry detachment.][ In Mlyniv there was a small two-grade parish school, which in 1911 graduated nine boys and three girls.][
During ]World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
the front moved back and forth close to Mlyniv. Many buildings in the settlement were destroyed.[ In 1915 Mlyniv was located right at the Austrian-Russian frontline ( Eastern Front).][ The Chodkiewicz Palace and park were in the hands of Austrian troops, while the settlement was held by Russians.][
Soon after the Bolshevik coup-d'état (also known as the ]October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key mome ...
), a volost
Volost ( rus, во́лость, p=ˈvoləsʲtʲ; ) was a traditional administrative subdivision in Eastern Europe.
In earlier East Slavic history, '' volost'' was a name for the territory ruled by the knyaz, a principality; either as an absolute ...
committee was created in Mlyniv, headed by Zabolotsky. The committee nationalized Chodkiewicz Palace.[ In February 1918, Mlyniv was liberated from the Soviet authorities with help of Austro-German troops][ and became part of the ]Ukrainian People's Republic
The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), or Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was a country in Eastern Europe that existed between 1917 and 1920. It was declared following the February Revolution in Russia by the First Universal. In March 1 ...
. In June 1919 the First Ukrainian Soviet Division destroyed Ukrainian troops and reinstated the Soviet regime in Mlyniv.[ After that Mlyniv was governed by the local ]kombed
In Soviet-ruled Russia the Bolshevik authorities established Committees of Poor easants'' (russian: Комитеты Бедноты, ''komitety bednoty'' or russian: комбеды, ''kombedy'', commonly rendered in English as kombeds) during th ...
.[
]
Polish period
During the Polish–Soviet War
The Polish–Soviet War (Polish–Bolshevik War, Polish–Soviet War, Polish–Russian War 1919–1921)
* russian: Советско-польская война (''Sovetsko-polskaya voyna'', Soviet-Polish War), Польский фронт (' ...
, Mlyniv changed hands between various armies.[ In July 1920, for a short period of time the Soviet regime once again was secured on the efforts of the 14th Soviet Cavalry Division (commander Oleksandr Parkhomenko, part of the ]First Cavalry Army __NOTOC__
The 1st Cavalry Army (russian: Первая конная армия, Pervaya konnaya armiya) was a prominent Red Army military formation. It was also known as "Budyonny's Cavalry Army" or simply as ''Konarmia'' (Кона́рмия, "Horse ...
, Konnarmia).[ According to the 1921 ]Treaty of Riga
The Peace of Riga, also known as the Treaty of Riga ( pl, Traktat Ryski), was signed in Riga on 18 March 1921, among Poland, Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and Soviet Ukraine. The treaty ended the Polish–Soviet War.
...
, Mlyniv became part of the Second Polish Republic ( Wołyń Voivodeship).[
In 1921 the town had a population of 1263.][ As part of Poland, the ]Polish language
Polish (Polish: ''język polski'', , ''polszczyzna'' or simply ''polski'', ) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group written in the Latin script. It is spoken primarily in Poland and serves as the native language of the Poles. In a ...
became enforced (revived) as the official language.[ In 1932 a state school with seven grades was built.][ A local pharmacy was also opened.][ In 1930 the population of Mlyniv declined in comparison with 1921.][ In February 1926 a local chapter of the ]Communist Party of Western Ukraine Communist Party of Western Ukraine (; uk, Комуністична партія Західної України) was a political party in eastern interwar Poland. Until 1923 it was known as the Communist Party of Eastern Galicia (Komunistyczna Par ...
was founded, and in 1935, its youth wing Komsomol.[ To fight the increase in communist influence, a local starosta requested an increase in the number of local police officers.][ In September 1934, demonstrations organized by the local communists resulted in the arrest of 23 people.][ Another communist action took place in February 1938 to demand the release of Belarusian revolutionary ]Siarhei Prytytski
Siarhei Prytytski ( be, Сяргей Прытыцкі, ''Siarhiej Prytycki'' russian: Серге́й Притыцкий, ''Sergey Pritytsky'', pl, Sergiusz Prytycki; February 1, 1913, Harkawicze - June 13, 1971, Minsk) was a Belarusian Soviet s ...
.[ The action requested help for Republican Spain (]Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, link ...
), as well as to fight fascism and for the democratization of Poland and liberation of West Ukraine
Western Ukraine or West Ukraine ( uk, Західна Україна, Zakhidna Ukraina or , ) is the territory of Ukraine linked to the former Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, which was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian ...
.[ A ]Catholic
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
parish
A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one o ...
existed in Mlyniv within Dubno County.
World War II and anti-Polish atrocities
Soon after the start of World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
and the next partition of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
, the village, as part of West Ukraine
Western Ukraine or West Ukraine ( uk, Західна Україна, Zakhidna Ukraina or , ) is the territory of Ukraine linked to the former Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, which was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian ...
, was again occupied (liberated) by the Red Army. The 8th Mechanized Corps (with commander Dmitry Ryabyshev) was stationed near Mlyniv for two years.[ A number of prominent Polish families were sent to Siberia by the ]NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.
...
in 1940. In October 1939 elections to the National Assembly of Western Ukraine took place in Mlyniv.[ Following the admission of Western Ukraine to the Soviet Union and unification with the ]Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
, Mlyniv became an administrative center of Mlyniv Raion.[ A local club, library, maternity hospital, and small clinic were opened.][
Mlyniv was overrun by the German army in ]Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named after ...
on 24 June 1941.[ The local school was transformed into the commandant's and ]Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one orga ...
headquarters.[ During the Nazi Germany occupation, 1118 people were killed.][ Ukrainian nationalists participated in repressions against the local Soviet population.][ In June 1943, the local population provided some assistance to the ]Sydir Kovpak
Sydir Artemovych Kovpak ( uk, Сидір Артемович Ковпак; russian: Си́дор Арте́мьевич Ковпа́к, ), (June 7, 1887December 11, 1967) was one of the partisan leaders of the Soviet partisans in Ukraine during t ...
partisans.[
Between 1942 and 1945 it was one of many sites where massacres of Poles and Jews took place, committed by the death squads of the ]Ukrainian Insurgent Army
The Ukrainian Insurgent Army ( uk, Українська повстанська армія, УПА, translit=Ukrayins'ka povstans'ka armiia, abbreviated UPA) was a Ukrainian nationalist paramilitary and later partisan formation. During World ...
and the local Ukrainian peasants.
Notably, the Ukrainian ''sotnia'' led by Hryrory Levko ("Kruk") operated in the area until 1947, long after the Soviet counter-offensive of 1944. The Polish self-defence in Młynów managed to hold back the repeated raids by the Ukrainian nationalists as one of only several such outposts, which also included the civilian defence of Kurdybań Warkowicki, Lubomirka, Klewań, Rokitno, Budki Snowidowickie, and Osty. Their survival could be at least partly explained by the Nazi German presence there before the Soviet takeover.
During the 1944–1946 Polish population transfers, the remaining Polish inhabitants of Mlyniv were expelled.
Post war
Mlyniv was liberated from the occupation of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
by the Soviet 13th Guard Cavalry Division under commander Pyotr Zubov.[ Following the war, the population of Mlyniv consisted of 462 people.][
Since May 1953 the Mlyniv Hydro-Electric Station has been in operation with single turbine made by Austrian company ]Voith
The Voith Group is a German manufacturer of machines for the pulp and paper industry, technical equipment for hydropower plants and drive and braking systems. The family-owned company, which operates worldwide and has its headquarters in Heid ...
.[In Mlyniv receive electrical power right from water (У Млинові отримують електроенергію прямо з води)]
Newspaper "Volyn". 27 July 2018 Construction of the hydro-electric station started during the Second Polish Republic.[ During that time, a dam was built.][ Due to the war, further construction was suspended.][
]
References
External links
Mlyniv, Mlyniv Raion, Rivne Oblast (Млинів, Млинівський район, Ровенська область)
The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR
''The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR'' ( uk, Історія міст і сіл Української РСР) is a Ukrainian encyclopedia, published in 26 volumes. It provides knowledge about the history of all populated places ...
.
{{Authority control
Urban-type settlements in Dubno Raion
Volhynian Governorate
Populated places established in the 12th century
War crimes committed by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army