Staniša Marković ( sr-cyr, Станиша Марковић; 1664–1740), known as Mlatišuma (Млатишума), was a Habsburg Serbian '' obor-kapetan'' of

Kragujevac Kragujevac ( sr-Cyrl, Крагујевац, ) is the fourth largest city in Serbia and the administrative centre of the Šumadija District. It is the historical centre of the geographical region of Šumadija in central Serbia, and is situated on ...

. He had joined the Austrians in the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18, and after the victorious war and occupation of central Serbia (the

Kingdom of Serbia The Kingdom of Serbia ( sr-cyr, Краљевина Србија, Kraljevina Srbija) was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882. Since 1817, the Princi ...

) he was given the rank of ''obor-kapetan'', governing Kragujevac, and commanding the

Serbian Militia (1718–39) The Serbian (Rascian) Militia ( lat, Rascianica militia; sr, Рашка Милиција or ) was a military unit of the Habsburg-Austrian army consisting of Serbs, that existed in ca. 1686–1704. During the Great Turkish War (1686–99) Af ...

alongside Vuk Isaković. In peace-time, he was sent to what is today

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

to incite an anti-Ottoman rebellion; a short-lived uprising broke out in which his personal unit participated. In 1734–35 he founded the Drača Monastery in

. When the Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39) broke out, Serbs were mobilized and Mlatišuma led forces in numerous campaigns. He is regarded as a hero and enumerated in

Serbian epic poetry Serbian epic poetry ( sr, Српске епске народне песме, Srpske epske narodne pesme) is a form of epic poetry created by Serbs originating in today's Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and North Macedonia. The ...

Early life

According to

Sima Milutinović Sarajlija Simeon "Sima" Milutinović "Sarajlija" ( sr-cyr, Симеон "Сима" Милутиновић "Сарајлија", ; 3 October 1791 – 30 December 1847) was a poet, hajduk, translator, historian and adventurer. Literary critic Jovan Skerlić ...

, Staniša Marković was born in a village below the

Ostrog monastery The Ostrog Monastery ( sr, Манастир Острог, Manastir Ostrog, ) is a monastery of the Serbian Orthodox Church situated against an almost vertical background, high up in the large rock of Ostroška Greda, in Montenegro. It is dedicate ...

, in

Bjelopavlići Bjelopavlići ( cyrl, Бјелопавлићи; sq, Palabardhi), ) is a historical tribe (pleme) of Albanian origin and a valley in the Brda region of Montenegro, around the city of Danilovgrad. Geography The ''Bjelopavlići'' valley (also kn ...

(present day

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

). His family hailed from

Novi Pazar Novi Pazar ( sr-cyr, Нови Пазар, lit. "New Bazaar"; ) is a city located in the Raška District of southwestern Serbia. As of the 2011 census, the urban area has 66,527 inhabitants, while the city administrative area has 100,410 inhabita ...

. With the failure of the Austro-Serbian campaign during the Great Turkish War (1683–99), a large migration of Serbs ensued into Habsburg territories in 1690.

Career

Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18

He joined the Habsburg side during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18, which saw the second occupation of central Serbia (

Sanjak of Smederevo The Sanjak of Smederevo ( tr, Semendire Sancağı; sr, / ), also known in historiography as the Pashalik of Belgrade ( tr, Belgrad Paşalığı; sr, / ), was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman administrative unit (sanjak), that existed between the 1 ...

) after the

Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1686–91) Habsburg Serbia may refer to several periods and territories in the history of Serbia: * Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1686–91), temporary Habsburg occupation of central Serbia (1686–1691) * Kingdom of Serbia (1718–39), crown land of the Habsbu ...

. The Serbs established a Hajduk army that supported the Austrians. Upon the

peace treaty A peace treaty is an agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually countries or governments, which formally ends a state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice An armistice is a formal agreement of warring ...

and establishment of the

Kingdom of Serbia (1718–39) The Kingdom of Serbia ( sr-cyr, Краљевина Србија, Kraljevina Srbija) was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882. Since 1817, the Princi ...

, Mlatišuma received the rank of ''obor-kapetan'' of

Interwar period

He was sent to the Highlands (''Brda''), to incite rebellion in eight tribes: Vasojevići (led by ''vojvoda'' Vuksan Bojović),

Bratonožići The Bratonožići ( sr-Cyrl, Братоножићи, ) is a historical tribe (''pleme'') of Albanian origin in the Brda region of Montenegro. It appeared during the Ottoman period and was a captaincy of the Principality of Montenegro in the 19 ...

Drekalovići The Drekalovići ( cyrl, Дрекаловићи; sq, Ndrekalorë) are a historical union of brotherhoods of Kuči with an Albanian origin. Their patron saint ( slava) is St. Nicholas (Nikoljdan). They were part of a wave of settlement in the mi ...

(led by

Radonja Petrović Radonja Petrović ( sr-cyr, Радоња Петровић; b. 1670, Kosor, Kuči – d. 1737 Stari Vlah), known as Vojvoda Radonja (војвода Радоња) was the vojvoda of the Kuči tribe and a commander of the Drekalovići during the ...

), Piperi, Rovce,

Pješivci Pješivci ( Serbian and Montenegrin: Пјешивци; ) was a historical tribe and region in Montenegro, consisting of numerous brotherhoods of mutual origin. It was one of the largest tribe from the area of Katunska nahija of Old Montenegro. ...

, and Lutovci. Petrović was according to sources the leader of these tribes, who could ready 2,000 men in one day. Mlatišuma arrived in Kuči in 1729. He met with Radonja Petrović with whom he sought to mobilize Brda against the Ottomans. When talks were underway between Radonja Petrović and the Austrian ''feltmarschal'', an uprising broke out in Montenegro. Radonja's rebels and Serbian troops, and an auxiliary force of Mlatišuma, attacked the local Muslims. According to the Serbian plan, they were to take over

Rožaje Rožaje ( cnr, Рожаје, bs, Rožaje), ; sq, Rozhajë) is a town in northeastern Montenegro. As of 2011, the city has a population of 9,567 inhabitants. Surrounded by hills to its west and mountains to its east (notably Mount Hajla), the ...

Bijelo Polje Bijelo Polje ( cnr, Бијело Поље, ) is a town in northeastern Montenegro on the Lim River. It has an urban population of 15,400 (2011 census). It is the administrative, economic, cultural and educational centre of northern Montenegro. ...

and

Peć Peja ( Indefinite Albanian form: ''Pejë'' ) or Peć ( sr-Cyrl, Пећ ) is the fourth largest city of Kosovo and seat of Peja Municipality and Peja District. It is situated in the region of Rugova on the eastern section of the Accursed Moun ...

. He founded the Monastery of Drača in

, completed on 5 October 1734. There is a

ktetor ''Ktetor'' ( el, κτήτωρ) or ''ktitor'' (; ka, ქტიტორი ''kt’it’ori''; ro, ctitor), meaning "founder", is a title given in the Middle Ages to the provider of funds for construction or reconstruction of an Eastern Orthodox ch ...

portrait of him.

Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39)

A new war broke out, and the Serbian Militia and Mlatišuma were mobilized. The Military Governor notified the people of the organization of the Militia in Serbia to set up outposts along the Habsburg–Ottoman border. The population quickly responded, and, beside the regular army under the two ''ober-kapetans'' and fifteen ''(unter-)kapetans'', 13 companies of "

hajduks A hajduk ( hu, hajdúk, plural of ) is a type of irregular infantry found in Central and parts of Southeast Europe from the late 16th to mid 19th centuries. They have reputations ranging from bandits to freedom fighters depending on time, ...

" were collected, who were to be used for protection of the border and other services. The army was divided into 18 companies, in four groups. The most notable obor-kapetans were Vuk Isaković from Crna Bara, Mlatišuma and Kosta Dimitrijević from

Paraćin Paraćin ( sr-Cyrl, Параћин, ) is a town and municipality located in the Pomoravlje District of central Serbia. It is located in the valley of the Velika Morava river, north of Kruševac and southeast of Kragujevac. In 2011 the town had a p ...

. In Kragujevac, there were two companies of 500 soldiers each. His forces attacked

Užice Užice ( sr-cyr, Ужице, ) is a city and the administrative centre of the Zlatibor District in western Serbia. It is located on the banks of the river Đetinja. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 59,747. The Cit ...

. Mlatišuma's forces liberated Kruševac on 20 July 1737 and carried much cattle. Colonel Lentulus ordered that part of the cattle be returned to the population, the second part was sent to Sekendorf, the third held by the colonel to the need of his army. On 7 January 1739 he led attacks in Morava and Rudnik. He had settled 1,000 Christians in Habsburg territory after the war, during what is known as the "

Second Great Migration In the context of the 20th-century history of the United States, the Second Great Migration was the migration of more than 5 million African Americans from the South to the Northeast, Midwest and West. It began in 1940, through World War II, and ...

". He was imprisoned in 1740, and is believed to have died the same year.

Legacy

He is enumerated in

, collected by

Vuk Karadžić Vuk Stefanović Karadžić ( sr-Cyrl, Вук Стефановић Караџић, ; 6 November 1787 (26 October OS)7 February 1864) was a Serbian philologist, anthropologist and linguist. He was one of the most important reformers of the moder ...

(1787–1864).

(1791–1847) wrote about him. The Šumanović brotherhood in Crna Bara claim kindred.

References

Sources

* * * * * * * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Mlatišuma 1664 births 1741 deaths 18th-century Serbian people Serbian military leaders Hajduks Habsburg Serbs Serbs of Montenegro Military personnel from Kragujevac Refugees of the Great Turkish War Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)