, native_name_lang = pl , image = Bdg Gdanska10 3 07-2013.jpg , image_alt = Tenement Ernst Mix from Gdańska Street , image_caption = Tenement Ernst Mix from Gdańska Street , image_size = 300 , coordinates = , building_type =

Tenement A tenement is a type of building shared by multiple dwellings, typically with flats or apartments on each floor and with shared entrance stairway access. They are common on the British Isles, particularly in Scotland. In the medieval Old Town, i ...

, architectural_style =

Modern architecture Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural movement or architectural style based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; the idea that form ...

, location =

Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz ( , , ; german: Bromberg) is a city in northern Poland, straddling the meeting of the River Vistula with its left-bank tributary, the Brda. With a city population of 339,053 as of December 2021 and an urban agglomeration with more ...

, Poland , address = 10 Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz, , groundbreaking_date = 1863 , completion_date = 1905 , renovation_date = 1913-1914 , material = , size = , floor_count = 5 , architect =

Fritz Weidner Fritz Weidner (1863–1950) was an important designer and builder in Bromberg (Bydgoszcz, Poland). A vast majority of his works is associated with the city. He is one among many architects and builders who gave a characteristic shape to the town ...

The house Ernst Mix in Bydgoszcz is located at 10 Gdańska Street in

Location

The building stands on the eastern side of Gdańska Street, between Drukarnia shopping mall and Parkowa street.

History

Origins

The building was erected in 1863 for Ernst Mix, a soap manufacturer, as a complex of two buildings. In 1905, the building was expanded to the south with a residential annex in the

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...

style, richly decorated with animal figures by architect

, a German builder who came to Bydgoszcz at the end of the 19th century. Weidner building activity in the city was focused between 1896 and 1914. From 1912 onwards, he lived in the house he built for himself at 34 Gdańska street In the same area, Fritz Weidner built houses at the following addresses: * Thomas Frankowski Tenement at 28 Gdańska Street (1897); * George Sikorski Tenement at 31 Gdańska Street (1906); * Max Rosental Tenement at 42 Gdańska Street (1905); * Ernst Bartsch tenement at 79 Gdańska Street (1898); * Tenement at 3 Plac Wolności (1903). From 1863 until

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, Ernst Mix's company operated a soap and candle factory in this facility. The address then was ''42 Danziger strasse''. In 1910, the owner adapted the building for commercial purposes. The two lower floors were then used as a

Department Store A department store is a retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different areas of the store, each area ("department") specializing in a product category. In modern major cities, the department store made a dramatic app ...

called ''Modehaus Bromberg''. A reconstruction took place between 1913-1914 under the supervision of

"Kristal" Theatre

The final design of the front facade and the unification of the two houses was carried out after 1905 with the construction of the cinema theater "Kristal". "Krystal-Palast" started its performances in 1914, with a 750-seat capacity. The cinema facility operated until 2003, regularly changing name: * ''Kristal'' in 1920; * ''Cristal'' in the 1930s; * ''Ufa Westpreussen'' during

; * ''Pomorzanin'' between 1945 and 2003. The theater could to host 478 people, 286 located up in a

long gallery In architecture, a long gallery is a long, narrow room, often with a high ceiling. In Britain, long galleries were popular in Elizabethan and Jacobean houses. They were normally placed on the highest reception floor of English country hous ...

. Film screenings began on April 1, 1914. The entire facility, funded with loans from the Stadthagen Bank, was praised by companies Mixa, Tucholski, and Weidner.

Other outlets

During

interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the World War I, First World War to the beginning of the World War II, Second World War. The in ...

, a pub, ''Bar Angielski'', was set up near the cinema where one could dance to the beat of live performances by Jazzband Orlowski. Another restaurant was also housed there at the same time, ''Zagloba'', owned by M. Grabowski. In 1921, the Poznański Bank Ziemian installed offices on Gdańska Street, and in 1944 the German Cashier of Bydgoszcz District (german: Sparkasse des Kreis Bromberg) was located in the building. In 1946, ground and first floor premises were allocated to the State Agricultural Bank ( pl, Państwowy Bank Rolny): renovation works were then supervised by architect

Jan Kossowski Jan Kossowski (1898-1958) was a Polish architect and builder, mainly associated with Bydgoszcz. His professional activity spanned from the History of Poland (1918-1939), interwar period to the 1940s. His artistic style is mainly connected with M ...

. In 1948, the building was renovated. In the postwar period the old factory premises housed the International Press and Books Club, and, since 1994, a club, ''Mózg''. At the beginning of 2017, the ensemble has been purchased by company ''Moderator Inwestycje'', which planned to re-open there a theatre, with a scene.

Architecture

The building was rebuilt in the style of early historical

modernism Modernism is both a philosophy, philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western world, Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new fo ...

. The two lower floors keep large windows that were once part of a department store. The facade, originally adorned with

art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...

solar motifs

stucco Stucco or render is a construction material made of aggregates, a binder, and water. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as a decorative coating for walls and ceilings, exterior walls, and as a sculptural and a ...

es, has lost most of them with following reconstructions (especially in 1948). During the theater construction,

reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete (RC), also called reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having hig ...

, a pioneering technology at the time, was used. Facades have been standardized and given the

modern architecture Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural movement or architectural style based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; the idea that form ...

style.

Gallery

File:1928 ad GDka 165.jpg, Advertisement for restaurant Zagloba, 1928 File:Bdg Gdańska 10 elewacja płd.jpg, South facade File:Bdg Gdańska 10 pion 3.jpg, Corner File:Bdg Gdańska 10 pion 1.jpg, Frontage from Gdańska street File:Gdanska (5).JPG, Detail of facade File:Gdanska (3).JPG, Detail of facade File:Gdanska (4).JPG, Detail of facade File:Bdg Gdanska noc pocz 5 07-2013.jpg, By night File:Kino Pomorzanin 2017.jpg, Interiors in 2017

References

Bibliography

External links

Club ''Mózg''
{{Bydgoszcz historical housing Buildings and structures on Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz Residential buildings completed in 1863 Commercial buildings completed in 1914 Modernist architecture in Bydgoszcz