The was a 14-cylinder, air-cooled, twin-row
radial aircraft engine developed by
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Japan in 1934 for the
Imperial Japanese Navy. The Mitsubishi model designation for this engine was A8 while it was an experimental project; in service, it was known as the MK8 "Kinsei" by the Navy. In 1941 the engine was adopted by Army, receiving designation Ha-112 (later Ha-112-I, 1,300hp Army Type 1). In May 1943 it received Ha-33
unified designation code.
Design and development
Early Kinsei models (1 and 2) had A4 internal designation and their cylinder and detail design was based on the single-row, 9-cylinder air-cooled
Pratt and Whitney R-1690 Hornet.
In 1933 engine underwent a major redesign and redesignated A8. Head layout was reversed to allow exhaust exit to the rear, reducing
back-pressure and allowing for a cleaner installation.
Compression ratio
The compression ratio is the ratio between the volume of the cylinder and combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine at their maximum and minimum values.
A fundamental specification for such engines, it is measured two ways: the stati ...
increased from 5.3:1 to 6.0:1. These changes resulted in a significant performance uplift, compared to previous variants.
Kinsei 41 saw ever further increase in compression ratio from 6.0:1 to 6.6:1, and a larger
supercharger
In an internal combustion engine, a supercharger compresses the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement.
The current categorisation is that a supercharger is a form of forced induct ...
. It's also the first variant to receive a two-digit model numbers. 40 series remained in production from 1936 till the end of the war.
Kinsei 50 series saw the final compression ratio increase to 7.0:1. Indirect
fuel injection
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines.
All comp ...
was fitted as well as a larger two-speed supercharger.
Kinsei 60 series was introduction of direct injection and later, a
turbo-supercharger. Its development was run parallel to 50 series. Production started in 1940 and lasted till the end of the war.
Variants
Early (A4) variants
''Data from Goodwin''
;Kinsei 1
: at 2300 rpm at takeoff
: at 2100 rpm at sea level
;Kinsei 2
: at 2350 rpm at takeoff
: at 2100 rpm at
Late (A8) variants
''Data from Goodwin''
;Kinsei 3
: at 2150 rpm at
;Kinsei 41
: at 2500 rpm at
: at 2500 rpm at
:Higher compression ratio, supercharger
;Kinsei 42
: at 2500 rpm at
: at 2500 rpm at
:Air pump
;Kinsei 43
: at 2400 rpm at sea level
: at 2400 rpm at
:De-rated for economy
;Model 44
: at sea level
: at
:
Machine gun synchroniser
;Kinsei 45
: at sea level
: at
;Kinsei 46
: at sea level
: at
:De-rated for extreme economy
;Kinsei 51 (MK8A)
: at 2500 rpm at
: at 2500 rpm at
:Redesigned cylinder head, added indirect fuel injection, larger two-speed supercharger
;Kinsei 52 (MK8B) (Ha-112-I)
: at 2500 rpm at
: at 2500 rpm at
:Added
water injection
;Kinsei 53 (MK8C)
: at 2500 rpm at
: at 2500 rpm at
:Higher pressure
oil pump
;Kinsei 54 (MK8D)
: at 2500 rpm at
: at 2500 rpm at
:Added
machine gun synchroniser
;Model 61 (Ha-112-II)
: at
: at
:Added direct fuel injection
;Kinsei 62 (MK8P)
: at 2600 rpm at
: at 2600 rpm at
;Kinsei 62 Ru (Ha-112-II Ru)
: at 2600 rpm at
: at 2600 rpm at
: at 2600 rpm at
:Ru-102 turbo-supercharger
Applications
*
Aichi D3A
*
Aichi E13A
*
Aichi E16A
The Aichi E16A ''Zuiun'' (瑞雲 "Auspicious Cloud", Allied reporting name "Paul") was a two-seat reconnaissance seaplane operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.
Design and development
The Aichi E16A originated from a 1939 s ...
*
Aichi M6A2
*
Kawanishi H6K
The Kawanishi H6K was an Imperial Japanese Navy flying boat produced by the Kawanishi Aircraft Company and used during World War II for maritime patrol duties. The Allied reporting name for the type was Mavis; the Navy designation was .
Design ...
*
Kawanishi N1K5-J
*
Kawasaki Ki-96
The Kawasaki Ki-96 was a Japanese single seat, twin-engine heavy fighter of World War II. It was intended to replace the Kawasaki Ki-45s of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service. However, it was not adopted and only three prototypes were built ...
*
Kawasaki Ki-100
*
Kawasaki Ki-102
The Kawasaki Ki-102 (Army Type 4 assault aircraft) was a Japanese warplane of World War II. It was a twin-engine, two-seat, long-range heavy fighter developed to replace the Ki-45 ''Toryu''. Three versions were planned: the Ki-102a day fighter, K ...
*
Mitsubishi A6M8
*
Mitsubishi B5M
*
Mitsubishi G3M
*
Mitsubishi Ki-46-III
*
Nakajima/Mahshu Ki-116
*
Showa/Nakajima L2D2-L2D5
*
Yokosuka D4Y3-D4Y4
Specifications (Kinsei-44)
See also
References
*
Bibliography
*
* Matsuoka Hisamitsu, Nakanishi Masayoshi. The History of Mitsubishi Aero Engines 1915–1945. Miki Press, Japan, 2005.
* Gunston, Bill. ''World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines''. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989.
* ''Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II''. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1989.
* Peattie, Mark R., ''Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power 1909-1941'', Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2001,
{{Imperial Japanese Navy aero engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
1930s aircraft piston engines
Kinsei