''Mitrephora macrocarpa'' is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to

Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...

Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel (24 October 1811 – 23 January 1871) was a Dutch botanist, whose main focus of study was on the flora of the Dutch East Indies. Early life Miquel was born in Neuenhaus and studied medicine at the University of Groni ...

, the Dutch botanist who first formally described the species using the

basionym In the scientific name of organisms, basionym or basyonym means the original name on which a new name is based; the author citation of the new name should include the authors of the basionym in parentheses. The term "basionym" is used in both botan ...

'' Orophea macrocarpa'', named it after its large fruit (Latinized forms of Greek , macros and , karpos).

Description

It is a tree reaching 35 meters in height. Its leathery, oval to lance-shaped leaves are 4-27 by 3–9.5 centimeters with rounded to pointed bases and pointed to tapering tips. The upper side of the leaves are glossy and hairless, while the undersides are covered in sparse, fine hairs. The leaves have 8-16 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. Its petioles are 4–13.5 by 1-3 millimeters and covered in sparse, fine hairs. The 3 or more flowers occur on woody

rachis In biology, a rachis (from the grc, ῥάχις [], "backbone, spine") is a main axis or "shaft". In zoology and microbiology In vertebrates, ''rachis'' can refer to the series of articulated vertebrae, which encase the spinal cord. In this c ...

es positioned opposite leaves. The rachises have 3-8 branches. Flowers are attached to the rachis by fleshy, densely hairy

pedicels In botany, a pedicel is a stem that attaches a single flower to the inflorescence. Such inflorescences are described as ''pedicellate''. Description Pedicel refers to a structure connecting a single flower to its inflorescence. In the absenc ...

that are 5–12.5 by 0.6-1 millimeters. The pedicels have an oval, basal bract that is 2-2.5 by 1-2 millimeters, and another upper bract that is 1.5-3.5 by 1.5-4 millimeters. Its flowers have 3 triangular

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

s that are 2–3.5 by 2.5-4 millimeters. The sepals are covered in dense, fine, rust-colored hairs on their outer surface and are hairless or covered in sparse hairs on their inner surface. Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3. The outer petals are initially pale chartreuse with orange lines, turning pinkish at maturity. The oval to lance-shaped, outer petals are 7.5-13.5 by 4.5-11 millimeters and come to a point at their tips. The edges of the outer petals become slightly wavy at maturity. The outer petals are covered in dense, brown, fine hairs on their outer surface and are sparsely hairy inside. The inner petals are 5-10 by 2–5.5 millimeters with a basal claw. The inner petals are pale yellow with purple lines. The inner petals have sparse, fine hairs on their outer surface woolly hairs near the tip of their inner surface. Its flowers have numerous

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

that are 1-1.2 by 0.5-06 millimeters. The stamen are arranged in a spiral. Its flowers have 10-12

carpels Gynoecium (; ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) ''pistils'' ...

that are 1.5-1.7 by 0.5-0.6 millimeters. The carpels have 8-12

ovule In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the ''integument'', forming its outer layer, the ''nucellus'' (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the fe ...

s. Its fruit occur in clusters of up to 8–12 on woody pedicels that are 25 by 4.5-6 millimeters and covered in sparse, fine hairs. The smooth, sparsely hairy, oval fruit are 1.8-4.8 by 1.1-4.5 centimeters. Each fruit has 6-12 seeds that are 15-17 by 5-10 millimeters.

Reproductive biology

The pollen of ''M. macrocarpa '' is shed as permanent tetrads.

Habitat and distribution

It has been observed growing in lowland forests, at elevations of 50 to 400 meters.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q17139926

macrocarpa ''Hesperocyparis macrocarpa'' is a coniferous tree. It is commonly known as the Monterey cypress and is one of several species of cypress trees endemic to California. The Monterey cypress is found naturally only on the Central Coast of Califo ...

Flora of Sulawesi Plants described in 2010 Taxa named by Richard M.K. Saunders Taxa named by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel