According to the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA),

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

may have over of

petroleum Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations. The name ''petroleum'' covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crud ...

oil and in

natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...

(including shale gas) reserves. As per BP' Statistical Review of World Energy 2016, at the end of 2015 Pakistan had the following proved reserves of fuels: 0.9 Trillion cu m of natural gas and 2.07 Billion tons of coal (sub-bituminous and lignite).

Oil industry

Discovery

's first gas field was found in the late 1952 in

Balochistan Balochistan ( ; bal, بلۏچستان; also romanised as Baluchistan and Baluchestan) is a historical region in Western and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian Sea coastline. ...

near a giant

Sui gas field Sui Gas Field is a natural gas field near Sui in Balochistan Province, Pakistan that is operated by Pakistan Petroleum Limited. Sui gas field was discovered in 1952, its current production is per day at standard conditions.https://www.ppl.com.p ...

. The Toot oil field was not discovered until the early 1960s in the

Punjab Punjab (; Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising ...

. The Most Rich resource in Khaur Company (Attock). It covers .

Pakistan Petroleum Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL) ( ur, ) is a Pakistani state-owned petroleum company. It was incorporated on 5 June 1950, when it inherited the assets and liabilities of the Burmah Oil Company Ltd. which initially holds 70% of the share with t ...

and Pakistan Oilfields explored and began drilling these field with Soviet help in 1961 and activity began in Toot during 1964.

History

The Toot area is one of the oldest oil producing regions in Pakistan with the first oilwell drilled in 1964 when

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

Ayub Khan Ayub Khan is a compound masculine name; Ayub is the Arabic version of the name of the Biblical figure Job, while Khan or Khaan is taken from the title used first by the Mongol rulers and then, in particular, their Islamic and Persian-influenced s ...

encouraged a mineral development policy. It is located in Punjab Province, which area is located approximately 135 km southwest of the capital city of

Islamabad Islamabad (; ur, , ) is the capital city of Pakistan. It is the country's ninth-most populous city, with a population of over 1.2 million people, and is federally administered by the Pakistani government as part of the Islamabad Capital T ...

. In 1964 the first well was drilled and commercial production started in 1967. There are about 60 million barrels of oil in place of which 12%-15% is recoverable. At its peak during 1986, the field was producing approximately 2,400 barrel of oil per day. It has grown steadily since then, producing both oil and, to a lesser degree, natural gas. Oil production was entirely confined to the Punjab till 1981, when Union Texas Pakistan discovered its first oil-field in Lower

Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...

. By 1998-1999, the Lower Sindh gas-fields were producing more oil than the Punjab. Since then, new deposits have also been found here.

Modern exploration

In 2005, the Vancouver-based 'International Sovereign Energy' signed a memorandum of understanding with the

Oil and Gas Development Company Limited Oil and Gas Development Company Limited, commonly known as OGDCL ( ur, شرکتِ محدود برائے ترقیاتِ گیس و تیل) is a Pakistani oil and gas company. It has a primary listing on the Pakistan Stock Exchange, and secondary ...

, Pakistan's national oil company, to develop the Toot field. Schlumberger Oilfield Services first started operations in early 2006. After favorable results, the

Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...

based 'Junior oil' and International 'Sovereign Energy Corp'.

Oil and gas exploration Hydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for deposits of hydrocarbons, particularly petroleum and natural gas, in the Earth using petroleum geology. Exploration methods Vis ...

companies signed a memorandum of agreement with the

, Pakistan's national oil company, in mid-2005, to develop the Toot field in Punjab Province, near the

capital city A capital city or capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, Department (country subdivision), department, or other subnational entity, usually as its seat of the government. A capital is typically a city ...

of Islamabad. The company is also providing electricity to locals living around the residential camps of Toot oil field and the neighbouring Missa Keswaal oil field.

Oil refining industry

There are five main

oil refineries An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into useful products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefie ...

in Pakistan with a combined capacity of approximately 450,000 barrels of crude oil per day (bpd), equivalent to 20 million tonnes per annum. Cnergyico PK Limited is the largest oil refiner, with its oil refining complex in the

province able to refine up to 156,000 barrels per day of crude oil. The country's five oil refineries process crude oil produced in Pakistan and from other countries to produce refined petroleum products such as High Speed

Diesel Diesel may refer to: * Diesel engine, an internal combustion engine where ignition is caused by compression * Diesel fuel, a liquid fuel used in diesel engines * Diesel locomotive, a railway locomotive in which the prime mover is a diesel engin ...

(HSD), Motor

Gasoline Gasoline (; ) or petrol (; ) (see ) is a transparent, petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines (also known as petrol engines). It consists mostly of organic co ...

(MS),

Furnace Oil Fuel oil is any of various fractions obtained from the distillation of petroleum (crude oil). Such oils include distillates (the lighter fractions) and residues (the heavier fractions). Fuel oils include heavy fuel oil, marine fuel oil (MFO), bun ...

(FO), Light Diesel Oil (LDO), High-Octane Blending Component ( HOBC),

Jet fuel Jet fuel or aviation turbine fuel (ATF, also abbreviated avtur) is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colorless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial a ...

(JP-1&JP-8),

Kerosene Kerosene, paraffin, or lamp oil is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel in aviation as well as households. Its name derives from el, κηρός (''keros'') meaning "wax", and was regi ...

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas) is a fuel gas which contains a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases, specifically propane, propylene, butylene, isobutane and n-butane. LPG is used as a fuel gas in heating appliances, cooking e ...

(LPG), and

Naphtha Naphtha ( or ) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture. Mixtures labelled ''naphtha'' have been produced from natural gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the distillation of coal tar and peat. In different industries and regions ''n ...

. The domestic oil refining industry typically meets 60% of Pakistan's diesel, 30% of motor gasoline, and 100% of jet fuel demand. The jet fuel is primarily used for defence purposes.

Natural gas industry

Natural gas production is at a relatively high level and remaining reserves are estimated to be about 885.3 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.). Pakistan's gas fields are only expected to last for about another 20 years at the most due to heavy industrial usage. The Sui gas field is the biggest natural gas field in

. It is located near Sui in

. The gas field was discovered in the late 1952 and the commercial exploitation of the field began in 1955. Sui gas field accounts for 6% of Pakistan's gas production. Remaining reserves are estimated to be at about 800 billion cubic feet (tcf) and the daily production is around of natural. The operator of the field is Pakistan Petroleum Limited.

References

External links

Map of the oil and gas infrastructure in Pakistan
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fuel Extraction In Pakistan Fossil fuels in Pakistan Oil fields of Pakistan