Mishar Tatar or Misher Tatar, also Western Tatar (Мишәр, ''Mişär'', Мишәр Татар, ''Mişär Tatar'', көнбатыш татар, ''könbatış tatar''), is a dialect of
Tatar spoken by
Mishar Tatars mainly located at
Penza,
Ulyanovsk,
Orenburg
Orenburg (russian: Оренбу́рг, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Ural River, southeast of Moscow. Orenburg is also very close to the Kazakhstan-Russia bor ...
,
Nizhny Novgorod,
Samara
Samara ( rus, Сама́ра, p=sɐˈmarə), known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev (; ), is the largest city and administrative centre of Samara Oblast. The city is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Samara (Volga), Samara rivers, with ...
,
Volgograd,
Saratov
Saratov (, ; rus, Сара́тов, a=Ru-Saratov.ogg, p=sɐˈratəf) is the largest city and administrative center of Saratov Oblast, Russia, and a major port on the Volga River upstream (north) of Volgograd. Saratov had a population of 901,36 ...
oblasts of Russia and in
Tatarstan,
Bashkortostan,
Chuvashia
Chuvashia (russian: Чувашия; cv, Чӑваш Ен), officially the Chuvash Republic — Chuvasia,; cv, Чӑваш Республики — Чӑваш Ен is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuv ...
and
Mordovia of Russian Federation and
Finland.
Some linguists (
Radlov,
Samoylovich) think that Mishar Tatar belongs to the Kypchak-Cuman group of languages rather than to the Kypchak-Bulgar group.
This is the dialect spoken by the
Tatar minority of Finland. The origins of the Tatar community living in Finland rest upon the merchants coming from the Volga-Ural region of Russia in the 1860s and most of the people in this community came from
Sergach Mishar Tatar villages in the province of
Nizhny Novgorod. The success of the first Tatar migrations caused other villagers to migrate to Finland.
Dialects
Mishar Tatar dialects (сөйләшлер) are according to Makhmutova two (Ch and Ts)
[Махмутова Л.Т. Опыт исследования тюркских диалектов: мишарский диалект татарского языка. - М.: Наука, 1978. ] or according to
Gabdulkhay Akhatov three (Ch, Ts and mixed)
[ Gabdulkhay Akhatov. Мишарский диалект татарского языка (учебное пособие для студентов высших учебных заведений). Уфа: Башк. ун-т, 1980 ] groups.
In the Western (Mişär) dialect Ç is pronounced (southern or Lambir Mişärs) and as
s(northern Mişärs or Nizhgars). C is pronounced . There are no differences between v and w, q and k, g and ğ in the Mişär dialect. The Cyrillic alphabet doesn't have special letters for q, ğ and w, so Mişär speakers have no difficulty reading Tatar written in Cyrillic.
Classification of Mishar Tatar dialects:
*Ch-dialects or Southern Mishar: пытчак, ''pıtçak'' < Kazan пычак, ''pıçak'' (knife)
**Temnikovsky dialect — western rayons (esp.
Temnikovsky) of
Mordovia, south-eastern part of
Penza oblast.
**Lyambirsky dialect — eastern part (esp.
Lyambirsky) of Mordovia.
**Bashkortostan dialect —
Birsk,
Karaidelsky,
Mishkinsky rayons of
Bashkortostan.
**Sharlyk dialect —
Sharlyk Sharlyk (russian: Шарлык) is the name of several rural localities (villages and ''selo''s) in Russia:
*Sharlyk, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Yanyshevsky Selsoviet of Blagovarsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan
*Sharlyk, O ...
of
Orenburg
Orenburg (russian: Оренбу́рг, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Ural River, southeast of Moscow. Orenburg is also very close to the Kazakhstan-Russia bor ...
oblast.
**Orenburg dialect —
Orenburg
Orenburg (russian: Оренбу́рг, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Ural River, southeast of Moscow. Orenburg is also very close to the Kazakhstan-Russia bor ...
oblast.
**Dialects of
Volgograd and
Saratov
Saratov (, ; rus, Сара́тов, a=Ru-Saratov.ogg, p=sɐˈratəf) is the largest city and administrative center of Saratov Oblast, Russia, and a major port on the Volga River upstream (north) of Volgograd. Saratov had a population of 901,36 ...
oblasts.
**Kuznetsk dialect —
Kuznetsk
Kuznetsk (russian: Кузне́цк) is a town in Penza Oblast, Russia, located in the foothills of the Volga Upland, mainly on the left bank of the Truyov River. Population:
Administrative and municipal status
Within Russia's framework of a ...
of
Penza oblast. A mixed dialect by Akhatov.
**Khvalynsk dialect — south
Ulyanovsk oblast (
Khvalynsk). A mixed dialect by Akhatov.
*Ts-dialects or Northern Mishar: пыцак, ''pıtsak'' < Kazan пычак, ''pıçak'' (knife)
**Sergachsky dialect —
Sergachsky of
Nizhny Novgorod oblast.
**Drozhzhanovsky dialect —
Drozhzhanovsky rayon of
Tatarstan and
Chuvashia
Chuvashia (russian: Чувашия; cv, Чӑваш Ен), officially the Chuvash Republic — Chuvasia,; cv, Чӑваш Республики — Чӑваш Ен is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuv ...
**Chistopolsky dialect (mixed) —
Chistopolsky of Tatarstan and
Samara
Samara ( rus, Сама́ра, p=sɐˈmarə), known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev (; ), is the largest city and administrative centre of Samara Oblast. The city is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Samara (Volga), Samara rivers, with ...
oblast.
**Melekessky dialect (contingently) — northern rayons (esp.
Melekessky) of
Ulyanovsk oblast.
References
{{Turkic languages
Finnish Tatars
Mishar Tatars
Tatar language
Turkic languages