Misbah Iram Ahmed Rana (

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

Scottish woman of mixed Scottish-

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

i heritage who was at the centre of an alleged

child abduction Child abduction or child theft is the unauthorized removal of a Minor (law), minor (a child under the age of Age of majority, legal adulthood) from the Child custody, custody of the child's Parent, natural parents or Legal guardian, legally appo ...

case in August 2006.

Early life

Misbah/Molly was born in

Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popul ...

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...

to Sajad Ahmed Rana (born 1960), and mother, Louise (born 1968), and has two elder brothers Omar (born 1986) and Adam (born 1990), an elder sister Tahmina (born 1988). She also has a half-sister Rachel (born 2006), her mother's child with her new partner Kenny Campbell, and two other younger half-sisters who are her father's children with his new wife. Misbah had acquired the surname Campbell from the man with whom her mother lived in Stornoway. Her parents married in Muslim tradition in 1984, after her mother

converted to Islam Religious conversion is the adoption of a set of beliefs identified with one particular religious denomination to the exclusion of others. Thus "religious conversion" would describe the abandoning of adherence to one denomination and affiliatin ...

. Growing up, the children were raised within the Muslim faith until discontent became apparent between Sajad and Louise. They eventually divorced in 2001, when Misbah was seven, and all four Rana children initially stayed with their father, as requested by their mother. He eventually relocated back to his homeland of

; the children accompanied him for the first few months before returning to their mother in Scotland. In 2005, Tahmina and Adam chose to return to Pakistan to live with their father while Misbah remained in her mother's custody. Her elder brother Omar continues to live in Glasgow, where he is studying. Misbah and her mother then moved from Glasgow to

Stranraer Stranraer ( , in Scotland also ; gd, An t-Sròn Reamhar ), also known as The Toon, is a town in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It is located in the historical parish of Inch in the historic county of Wigtownshire. It lies on the shores of L ...

, a decision Louise Campbell claims was motivated by threats allegedly made by her former husband. In November 2005 they moved to

Stornoway Stornoway (; gd, Steòrnabhagh; sco, Stornowa) is the main town of the Western Isles and the capital of Lewis and Harris in Scotland. The town's population is around 6,953, making it by far the largest town in the Outer Hebrides, as well a ...

2006-

On 25 August 2006, Molly was met by her sister Tahmina outside the gates of her high school. The sisters then met up with their father, who had been staying in a hotel on the

Western Isles The Outer Hebrides () or Western Isles ( gd, Na h-Eileanan Siar or or ("islands of the strangers"); sco, Waster Isles), sometimes known as the Long Isle/Long Island ( gd, An t-Eilean Fada, links=no), is an island chain off the west coas ...

, and took a flight from Stornoway to Glasgow before boarding a flight to

Lahore Lahore ( ; pnb, ; ur, ) is the second most populous city in Pakistan after Karachi and 26th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 13 million. It is the capital of the province of Punjab where it is the largest city. ...

, Pakistan. By the time her mother realised what had happened, they were already on their way to Pakistan. The following day, after

Interpol The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO; french: link=no, Organisation internationale de police criminelle), commonly known as Interpol ( , ), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and cri ...

launched a search for the missing twelve-year-old, Louise Campbell made an emotional plea to the media, claiming her former husband had abducted Misbah, against the child's wishes, with the intent to marry her off to a twenty-five-year-old cousin. (

Child marriage Child marriage is a marriage or similar union, formal or informal, between a child under a certain age – typically 18 years – and an adult or another child. * * * * The vast majority of child marriages are between a female child and a ma ...

and

forced marriage Forced marriage is a marriage in which one or more of the parties is married without their consent or against their will. A marriage can also become a forced marriage even if both parties enter with full consent if one or both are later force ...

are issues that activists such as

Southall Black Sisters Southall Black Sisters (SBS) is a non-profit organisation based in Southall, West London, England. This women's group was established in August 1979 in the aftermath of the death of anti-fascist activist Blair Peach, who had taken part in a dem ...

claim are a significant problem among

British Asian British Asians (also referred to as Asian Britons) are British citizens of Asian descent. They constitute a significant and growing minority of the people living in the United Kingdom, with 6.9% of the population identifying as Asian/Asian Brit ...

s; marriage between cousins is culturally encouraged in those communities.) This allegation has been denied by Misbah, her father and prominent members of the Pakistani community in Scotland, including

Bashir Maan Bashir Maan CBE (22 October 1926 – 20 December 2019) was a Pakistani-Scottish politician, businessman, judge, community worker and writer. In 1970 he became the first Muslim to be elected to a representative office in the United Kingdom, serv ...

Abduction or runaway?

Within days of sparking international fears for her safety, Misbah was discovered at her father's house, located in a wealthy suburb of

, Pakistan. On 28 August, Scottish MP Mohammed Sarwar, who was friends with Sajad Rana, flew to Pakistan to mediate with the family. Four days later, a press conference was held, attended by Misbah and her father where the girl vehemently denied the idea she was to be made a child bride and instead claimed she begged her father to take her to Pakistan, where she wanted to live with him and her siblings. Within hours, Louise Campbell's solicitors in Scotland insisted legal action was still underway to bring the child back to Britain and in her mother's custody but, in retaliation, Sajad said he was preparing to go before a Pakistani court to ask for her legal guardianship. And on 2 September, he was awarded temporary custody of Misbah after she signed a statement, saying she arrived in Pakistan from Scotland on 26 August 2006 under her own

free will Free will is the capacity of agents to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded. Free will is closely linked to the concepts of moral responsibility, praise, culpability, sin, and other judgements which apply only to actio ...

, although he had to surrender her passport to ensure he could not take her out of the High Court's jurisdiction. Campbell lodged a petition at the Lahore court alleging the child was illegally taken to Pakistan by her ex-husband and eldest daughter and activated the protocol that any custody case should be held in Scotland. This is in light of the 2003 Judicial Protocol signed by British and Pakistani judiciary officials in agreement that any abducted child should be returned to the country usually resided in and the court of that country should decide which parent the child should live with.

Court case

The first hearings to decide Misbah's future were held on 10 October 2006. Louise Campbell was fighting for Misbah to be returned to Scotland where any future cases could be held if the child still maintained she wanted to reside with her father. However, Sajad Rana was determined not to give his daughter back without a fight. He challenged the Judicial Protocol at the

Lahore High Court The Lahore High Court () is based in Lahore, Pakistan. It was established as a high court on 21 March 1882. The Lahore High Court has jurisdiction over Punjab (Pakistan). The High Court's principal seat is in Lahore, but there are benches in th ...

, on the basis that Louise Campbell is an 'apostate' mother who is not suitable to bring up a Muslim child. Misbah herself had clearly stated that she wants to be a Muslim from her own free will, and has said that her mother tried to force her into converting to Christianity. A proposed shared custody arrangement, whereby the child would not return to Scotland for at least two years and her mother would only be allowed to see her in Pakistan, was rejected on 17 November 2006 by the Lahore High Court judge, who considered it unreasonable. On 29 November 2006, the judge at the Lahore High Court ruled that Misbah should be handed over to the

British High Commission A British High Commission is a British diplomatic mission, equivalent to an embassy, found in countries that are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Their general purpose is to provide diplomatic relationships as well as travel information, ...

"within seven days". Misbah's father had also lodged a complaint to the

Federal Shariat Court The Federal Shariat Court (FSC) is a constitutional court of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which has the power to examine and determine whether the laws of the country comply with Sharia law. The court was established in 1980 during the gov ...

, which can overrule any decisions the High Court makes on the case. "The High Court judge decided to follow the protocol between Pakistan and the UK on the handling of custody cases. The custody hearing was to be held in Scotland's

Court of Session The Court of Session is the supreme civil court of Scotland and constitutes part of the College of Justice; the supreme criminal court of Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary. The Court of Session sits in Parliament House in Edinburgh ...

, where Sajad had papers lodged, defending Louise's application for permanent custody". However, at a press conference in the eastern Pakistan city of Lahore, the child openly protested the court decision to return her to Scotland. In early 2007, Louise Campbell, who at that stage had been pegged to win full custody, dropped her claim for full custody against the backdrop of her daughter's continued insistence that she did not want to live with her mother. The parents eventually reached an out of court settlement that grants Louise visitation rights.

Final decision

Naheeda Mehboob Elahi, counsel of mother of Misbah Irum extended an offer of deal on behalf of her client and submitted that she wanted to withdraw all the cases. The court accepted her request and issued directives to seek view point of the concerned party in this respect. Both the parties agreed on 4 points. Both the parties signed on memorandum of reconciliation which was presented before the court. Under the deal, mother of Misbah Irum will withdraw all the cases pending in the courts of Pakistan and Scotland. Misbah Irum's mother will be provided police security whenever she comes to Pakistan to meet her daughter and all the traveling expenses will be borne by Sajjad Rana, father of Misbah. Thirdly Misbah Irum will be at liberty to proceed to Scotland when she wills so after one year or ten years. Her father will not restrain her from going to Scotland. Mother of Misbah Irum will also be allowed to meet her sons besides her daughter in Pakistan. Talking to the journalists on the occasion, Misbah Irum said she is very happy with the court's verdict and she has got relief. Now she will stay with her sisters and brothers in Pakistan.

Return to the UK

It had been reported in 2009 that Misbah/Molly was wanting to return to the UK and that the mother was accusing the father of preventing her from doing so, and also of not letting her maintain the contact rights with their daughter. On 6 February 2011, it was reported that Rana, now 16, had decided to return and had flown back with her brother. However, instead of flying back to Scotland, she went to stay with her sister in England. Her mother, now separated from Mr Campbell and no longer using his surname, said that the entire family was happy, and requested that the press now no longer report on their affairs.

References

External links

"Legal papers accuse mother in custody row"
''

The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...

'', 4 September 2006
"Misbah refuses to leave Pakistan"
''

BBC News BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world. The department is the world's largest broadca ...

'', 1 December 2006
"Father challenges Misbah ruling"

- 2 December 2006 {{DEFAULTSORT:Rana, Misbah 1994 births Living people Scottish Muslims People from Glasgow People from Lahore Scottish children Scottish people of Pakistani descent Pakistani children Pakistani people of Scottish descent