Mirza Huseyn Afandi Qayibov ( az, Mirzə Hüseyn Əfəndi Qayıbov) - Azerbaijani

clergyman Clergy are formal leaders within established religions. Their roles and functions vary in different religious traditions, but usually involve presiding over specific rituals and teaching their religion's doctrines and practices. Some of the ter ...

literary critic Literary criticism (or literary studies) is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of literature's goals and methods. Th ...

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enlightener The holy figures of the Eastern Orthodox Church (and of the Eastern Catholic Churches of the Byzantine Rite) have various customary saint titles with which they are commemorated on the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar, liturgical calendar and ...

and

Mufti A Mufti (; ar, مفتي) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion ('' fatwa'') on a point of Islamic law (''sharia''). The act of issuing fatwas is called ''iftāʾ''. Muftis and their ''fatwas'' played an important rol ...

of the

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...

(1884-1917). He was the author of 4-volume work on

Azerbaijani literature Azerbaijani literature ( az, Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatı) is written in Azerbaijani, a Turkic language, which is the official state language of the Republic of Azerbaijan, where the North Azerbaijani variety is spoken. It is also natively spoken ...

Early life

Mirza Huseyn was born in 1830, Ashaga-Salakhly village to a clerical family. His father Molla Yusuf was the village mullah. However, he was orphaned at an early age and grew up under the care of his uncle Ibrahim, a village

mullah Mullah (; ) is an honorific title for Shia and Sunni Muslim clergy or a Muslim mosque leader. The term is also sometimes used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law. The title has also been used in some Miz ...

. Having received his primary education from teacher Mohammad Musazadeh, Huseyn was well versed in religious sciences,

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

and Turkish, as well as Eastern literature and history. After graduating, he worked as teacher from 1847 to 1857 in his native village.

Career

He was employed by Mufti of Caucasus, Mahammad Afandi (1857-1872) on July 25, 1857, at the three-year Muslim clerical school in

Tbilisi Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the Capital city, capital and the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia, lying on the ...

. In February 1858, he began teaching Sharia and Oriental languages here. He befriended Akhundzadeh and

Chavchavadze The House of Chavchavadze ( ka, ჭავჭავაძე) is a Georgian noble family, formerly a princely one (tavadi), later incorporated into the Russian nobility, also with the title of Prince. History The family is first attested in the ...

who were the prominent intellectuals of Caucasus living in Tbilisi during this period. He rose to the rank of Governorate Secretary with seniority from January 31 of 1864 with 1858 ruble wage. He was sent to

Erzurum Erzurum (; ) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. The city uses the double-headed eagle as ...

at the disposal of the commander of the active corps in to perform as

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translator on February 16, 1878. He was later transferred to the Transcaucasian Teachers Seminary in 1879. As the first teacher of Arabic and Persian at the seminary, he opened a school for the poor in Tbilisi at his own expense, and later, in the early 20th century, expanded it to become a six-grade "Mufti-Islamic School". He awarded scholarships to 43 Azerbaijanis during his career until 1883. He was relieved of teaching at the end of 1883 and appointed Mufti of Caucasus, a position he held until March 1917. He died on 20 February 1917. After his death, the Spiritual Administration of the Caucasus lost its function due to the collapse of the imperial system. According to

Aliagha Shikhlinski Ali Agha Ismail Agha oghlu Shikhlinski ( az, Əli Ağa İsmayıl Ağa oğlu Şıxlinski;); – )Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are in the Julian calendar with the start of year adjusted to 1 January. All other dates in this article are in ...

, he was "''completely free from nationalist prejudices. Loving his people, he did not harbor any hostility towards other nations. As a believing Muslim, he knew how to respect someone else's religion, had friends among the Russian, Georgian and Armenian clergy.''"

Works

Qayibov was also known as the author of several articles and books. He prepared textbooks on mathematics "''Masaili-ammil-hesab''" (General issues of arithmetic) and linguistic work "''Mabdei-talimi-sibyan''" (Beginning for teenagers) for newcomers to the Muslim madrasa. He wrote a 9-part book "Tövsiyyətnamə" (Recommendations), in which he collected many proverbs, riddles and words of wisdom. He also collaborated with

Adolf Berge Adolph Bergé or Adolf Pyetrovich Berzhe (russian: Адольф Петрович Берже) (July 28, 1828, St. Petersburg – January 31, 1886, Tiflis) was an Imperial Russian bureaucrat and an Orientalist historian, with principal interests i ...

on his 4 volume work on

. The book contains examples from the works of 109 Azerbaijani poets who lived in the 18th and 19th centuries. The book was published in 1868,

Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as wel ...

. Other works by Qayibov include: * “Zübtədül-Əhkamuş-şəriyyə” (Selected Verdicts on Shariah) * “Nümuneyi-ləhceyi-Azərbaycan” (Examples of Azerbaijani dialects) * “Müqəddəs tarix və sərfnəhv” (Sacred history) MuftiHuseynQayibov

Family

Mirza Huseyn was married to Saadat Khanum, daughter of his kinsman Abdulkarim Qayibov with whom he had many issues: * Nadir bey Qayibov (25 September 1874 - 6 January 1941) — married

Khadija Gayibova Khadija Osman bey qizi Gayibova ( az, Xədicə Qayıbova) (24 May 1893 – 27 October 1938) was an Azerbaijanis, Azerbaijani pianist. From Georgia (country), Georgia in the then USSR, Gayibova died in Joseph Stalin, Stalin's Great Purge of the 193 ...

* Bahadir bey Qayibov (22 October 1878 - 1949) — married Varvara Minayevna *

Nigar Shikhlinskaya Nigar Huseyn Afandi gizi Shikhlinskaya, née Gayibova ( az, Nigar Hüseyn Əfəndi qızı Şıxlinskaya; October 10, 1871 or March 21, 1878 in Tiflis – August 15, 1931 in Baku) was the first Azerbaijani nurse. She was fluent in several languages, ...

(1878-1931) — the first Azerbaijani

nurse Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health c ...

, married Dervish-bek

Palavandov Palavandishvili ( ka, ფალავანდიშვილი) is a Georgian aristocratic family, known from the 12th/13th century and received among the princely nobility of Imperial Russia as Princes Palavandov (russian: Палавандов� ...

, then

* Jahangir bey Qayibov (9 March 1882 - 1938) — married Ziba khanum Qajar (20 June 1889 - 1964), daughter of Amir Kazim Mirza Qajar * Gowhar Usubova (8 May 1885 - ?) — married Ibrahim aga Usubov in 1910 **

Nigar Usubova Nigar Usubova ( az, Nigar İbrahim bəy qızı Usubova; May 2, 1914 – September 15, 1995) was a teacher, professor and head of piano department of Baku Academy of Music. She also worked as a vice-rector for educational and scientific work of Baku ...

Awards

Order of St. Anna The Imperial Order of Saint Anna (russian: Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Anne" or "Order of Saint Ann") was a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry. It was established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holst ...

- 1st (15 January 1909), 2nd and 3rd classes *

Order of St. Stanislaus The Order of Saint Stanislaus ( pl, Order Św. Stanisława Biskupa Męczennika, russian: Орден Святого Станислава), also spelled Stanislas, was a Polish order of knighthood founded in 1765 by King Stanisław August Ponia ...

for non-Christians - 1st (27 June 1896), 2nd (25 December 1875) and 3rd classes (5 January 1868) *

Order of St. Vladimir The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptize ...

- 3rd (1 January 1887) and 4th degrees (1 January 1883) * Medal "In memory of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878" * Medal of the Red Cross (1878) * Medal "In Commemoration of the Coronation of Emperor Alexander III" (1883) * Silver Medal Medal "In Commemoration of the Coronation of Emperor Nicholas II" (1896) * Dark bronze medal for works on the general population census of 1897 * Immaculate Service Insignia (22 August 1898) *

Order of the Lion and the Sun The Imperial Order of the Lion and the Sun (Persian language, Persian: نشان سلطنتی شیر و خورشید) was instituted by Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar, Fat’h Ali Shah of the Qajar dynasty in 1808 to honour foreign officials (later extend ...

, 2nd degree with a star (18 May 1900)

References

External links