Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat (also Ababakar or Abubekr; died shortly after AH Rajab 920 / Aug-Sept 1514; exact date uncertain; year 1516 indicated by some authors is wrong) was a ruler in South-Western part of present Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, an ''amir'' of the

Dughlat The Dughlat clan ( kk, Дулат, Dulat, lit=ruthless or fierce warrior; Mongolian: '' Dolood/sevens, Doloo/seven; Middle Mongolian: Doluga, Dolugad''; Dulğat; ) was a Mongol (later Turko-Mongol) clan that served the Chagatai khans as hereditary ...

tribe. In the middle of the fifteenth century, in 1465, he founded in Western Kashgaria a kingdom based at

Yarkand Yarkant County,, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency also Shache County,, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency also transliterated from Uyghur as Yakan County, is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous ...

, a fragment of Moghulistan. It included Khotan and

Kashgar Kashgar ( ug, قەشقەر, Qeshqer) or Kashi ( zh, c=喀什) is an oasis city in the Tarim Basin region of Southern Xinjiang. It is one of the westernmost cities of China, near the border with Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan ...

; he took Kashgar in 1480. He was the son of

Saniz Mirza Saniz Mirza (died 1464/65) was the Dughlat amir of Yarkant County, Yarkand from 1457/58 until his death. He was the elder of two sons of Amir Sayyid Ali. Life Saniz Mirza succeeded his father upon his death in 1457 or 1458. Choosing to establish ...

, son of Mir Sayyid Ali, the latter was ''amir'' in Kashgar who regained control of the city by Dughlat dynasty, having expelled

Timurid Timurid refers to those descended from Timur (Tamerlane), a 14th-century conqueror: * Timurid dynasty, a dynasty of Turco-Mongol lineage descended from Timur who established empires in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ** Timurid Empire of C ...

local ruler in 1435. He successfully resisted the attacks of Yunus Khan, against whom he had rebelled in 1479–80. Ahmad Alaq, son of Yunus Khan, took Kashgar from him in 1499, but could not hold it. Subsequent to retaking Kashgar, Abu Bakr took his forces and successfully conquered number of neighboring areas, including modern day Ladakh, Balur (around

Gilgit Gilgit (; Shina: ; ur, ) is the capital city of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. The city is located in a broad valley near the confluence of the Gilgit River and the Hunza River. It is a major tourist destination in Pakistan, serving as a h ...

), Badakhshan, and other fragments of Moghulistan. In 1514, Sultan Said Khan took Kashgar from him. In danger of losing Yarkand and Khotan as well, he gave the government to his eldest son

Jahangir Mirza Jahangir Mirza (c. 1472 – c. 1515)Muhammad Haidar says (p. 329) that he is 42 years old in 1514, but he is notoriously unreliable with dates. was a Dughlat prince and briefly the ruler of Yarkand (1514). He was the eldest son of Mirza Abu Bakr D ...

, and attempted to flee to Ladakh. René Grousset, ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia'' (1970 translation), p. 497. He was intercepted and killed by pursuers sent by Sultan Said Khan north of

Shahidulla Shahidulla, also spelt Xaidulla from Mandarin Chinese, (altitude ca. 3,646 m or 11,962 ft), was a nomad camping ground and historical caravan halting place in the Karakash River valley, close to Khotan, in the southwestern part of Xinjiang Au ...

.{{cite book, last=Bellew, first=Henry Walter, title=The history of Káshgharia, url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfKshgharia/page/n65, year=1875, page=62, quote= a'idtook possession of the city at end of Rajab 920H ... Ababakar fled before them from Khotan to Karangutagh. ... fled towards Tibet. ... He was intercepted, seized, and killed by a party of his many pursuers in the Karakash valley, where a mean tomb on the river bank, two stages from Shahidulla Khoja, now marks the site of his grave. His deeds are recorded in the ''

Tarikh-i-Rashidi Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg (Persian: میرزا محمد حیدر دولت بیگ c. 1499/1500 – 1551) was a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general, governor of Kashmir, and a historical writer, He was a Turkic speaking Dughlat prince ...

'', which was written by his nephew,

Mirza Muhammad Haidar Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg (Persian: میرزا محمد حیدر دولت بیگ c. 1499/1500 – 1551) was a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general, governor of Kashmir, and a historical writer, He was a Turkic speaking Dughlat prince w ...

Family

;Consorts Abu Bakr had two wives: *Husn Nigar Khanum, daughter of Esen Buqa II; *Khanzada Begum, daughter of

Sultan Mahmud Mirza Sultan Mahmud Mirza ( 1453 – January 1495) was a prince of Timurid branch of Transoxiana, son of Abu Sa'id Mirza. Biography His father gave him the government of Hisar and Termez in 1459 (according to Babur Astarabad), but lost to Sultan Husa ...

; ;Sons Abu Bakr had three sons; *

- with Husn Nigar Khanum; *Turangir Mirza - with Khanzada Begum; *Bustangir Mirza - with Khanzada Begum;

References

*Demetrius Charles Boulger, ''The Life of Yakoob Beg, Athalik Ghazi and Badaulet, Ameer of Kashgar'', pp. 34–6.

Notes

Dughlats 16th-century monarchs in Asia 1510s deaths