Minuscule 546 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 511 (in Soden's numbering), is a

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printing, printed or repr ...

of the

New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christ ...

, on parchment. It is dated palaeographically to the 13th century. It has some

marginalia Marginalia (or apostils) are marks made in the margins of a book or other document. They may be scribbles, comments, glosses (annotations), critiques, doodles, drolleries, or illuminations. Biblical manuscripts Biblical manuscripts have ...

, the scribe has made numerous errors. The manuscript has survived in bad condition and some parts of it were lost. It is housed at the

University of Michigan , mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth" , former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821) , budget = $10.3 billion (2021) , endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...

Description

The codex contains the text of the four

Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words an ...

s, on 276 thick parchment leaves (size ) with some lacunae at the beginning and end (John 18:30–21:25). It has no covers. The manuscript has survived in bad condition and many of its leaves were misplaced in binding.Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
''Adversaria Critica Sacra: With a Short Explanatory Introduction''
(Cambridge, 1893), p. LVIX. The text is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numerals are given at the margin, and the (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is no a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections; it was not prepared for liturgical reading. It contains tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, and portrait of the John Evangelist before the Gospel of John. The other portraits probably were cut out. There are the decorated head-pieces at the beginning of each Gospel. The list of the to Matthew is not complete, it begins with the 52nd . The list of the are complete before the other Gospels. The portrait of Saint John is defaced. The

nomina sacra In Christian scribal practice, nomina sacra (singular: ''nomen sacrum'' from Latin ''sacred name'') is the abbreviation of several frequently occurring divine names or titles, especially in Greek manuscripts of the Bible. A nomen sacrum consists ...

are contracted in a usual way. ; Errors There are no signs of

iota adscript The iota subscript is a diacritic mark in the Greek alphabet shaped like a small vertical stroke or miniature iota placed below the letter. It can occur with the vowel letters eta , omega , and alpha . It represents the former presence of an ...

iota subscript The iota subscript is a diacritic mark in the Greek alphabet shaped like a small vertical stroke or miniature iota placed below the letter. It can occur with the vowel letters eta , omega , and alpha . It represents the former presence of an ...

N εφελκυστικον In ancient Greek grammar, movable nu, movable N or ephelcystic nu ( grc, νῦ ἐφελκυστικόν ''nû ephelkustikón'', literally "nu dragged onto" or "attracted to") is a letter nu (written ; the Greek equivalent of the letter ''n'') pl ...

is met with 63 times. There are 21 omissions by ''

homoioteleuton Homeoteleuton, also spelled homoeoteleuton and homoioteleuton (from the Greek ,Silva Rhetoricae (2006)Rhetorical Figures for Shakespeare and the Scriptures/ref> ''homoioteleuton'', "like ending"), is the repetition of endings in words. Homeoteleuto ...

'' (Matthew 1:12; 5:22; 7:10.19; 10:33; 12:31; 18:18; 19:9; Mark 10:34; 11:28; 13:20; 14:46; 15:41; Luke 7:20; 22:30; John 7:28; 9:32; 12:34; 17:18; 18:7). Errors of

iotacism Iotacism ( el, ιωτακισμός, ''iotakismos'') or itacism is the process of vowel shift by which a number of vowels and diphthongs converged towards the pronunciation in post-classical Greek and Modern Greek. The term "iotacism" refers to ...

are 387 (the first hand), some of them were corrected by a later hand. Scrivener enumerated all errors of the first hand: η for ι (28), ι for η (17), ε for αι (15), αι for ε (22), η for ει (54), ει for η (37), ι for ει (43), ει for ι (10), ω for ο (62), ο for ω (52), η for ε (4), ε for η (16), η for υ (5); υ for η (4), besides ημεις and υμεις interchanged 24 times; ω for ου (5), ου for ω (1); η for οι (10); οι for η (5); οι for υ (2); ι for υ (4); ει for υ (1); οι for ι (4). The augmentum is omitted five times (Matthew 18:23.28; 27:44; Luke 5:13; 7:41; John 1:20). It reads μελλει for μελει twice; always κυλος. The only Alexandrian forms are in Matthew 5:36; in Luke 5:19; ουτω is found 13 times.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the

Byzantine text-type In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main text types. It is the form fou ...

Hermann von Soden Baron Hermann von Soden (16 August 1852 – 15 January 1914) was a German Biblical scholar, minister, professor of divinity, and textual theorist. Life Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, Soden was educated at the University of Tübinge ...

classified it to A^k, related to the Antiocheian commentated text (Antiocheian = Byzantine). Aland placed the Greek text of the codex in Category V. According to the

Claremont Profile Method The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the classif ...

, it forms a textual group with the codex

1167 Year 1167 ( MCLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * April 7 – Oath of Pontida: Supported by Pope Alexander III, the Lombard League ...

, in

Luke 1 Luke 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. With 80 verses, it is one of the longest chapters in the New Testament. This chapter describes the birth of John the Baptist and the events leading up ...

;

Luke 10 Luke 10 is the tenth chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the sending of seventy disciples by Jesus, the famous parable about the Good Samaritan, and his visit to the house of Mary and Martha.Halle ...

;

Luke 20 Luke 20 is the twentieth chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the teaching of Jesus Christ in the temple in Jerusalem, especially his responses to questions raised by the Pharisees and Sadducees.Ha ...

. ; Textual variants The words before the bracket is the reading of the

Textus Receptus ''Textus Receptus'' (Latin: "received text") refers to all printed editions of the Greek New Testament from Erasmus's ''Novum Instrumentum omne'' (1516) to the 1633 Elzevir edition. It was the most commonly used text type for Protestant denomi ...

. : Matthew 2:22 — (''upon'') ] omitted : Matthew 3:11 — (''and fire'') ] omitted : Matthew 3:13 — (''upon'') ] (''toward'') : Matthew 3:15 — (''us'') ] omit : Matthew 6:1 — (''pray'') ] : Matthew 6:8 — ] : Matthew 23:8 — (''leader'') ] (''teacher'') : Matthew 23:14 — (''of heavens'') ] θυ (''of God'') : Mark 10:30 — ] πρα και μρα (''father and mother'') : Mark 11:4 — omit ] (''to the doors'') : Luke 22:18 — omit ] (''from now'')

History

The manuscript is dated by the

INTF The Institute for New Testament Textual Research (german: Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung — INTF) at the University of Münster, Westphalia, Germany, is to research the textual history of the New Testament and to reconstruct its G ...

to the 13th century. The early history of the manuscript is unknown. In 1864, the manuscript was in the possession of a dealer at

Janina Ioannina ( el, Ιωάννινα ' ), often called Yannena ( ' ) within Greece, is the capital and largest city of the Ioannina regional unit and of Epirus, an administrative region in north-western Greece. According to the 2011 census, the c ...

in Epeiros. It was then purchased from him by a representative of

Baroness Burdett-Coutts Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knig ...

(1814–1906), a philanthropist, together with other Greek manuscripts (among them codices

532 __NOTOC__ Year 532 ( DXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Second year after the Consulship of Lampadius and Probus (or, less frequently, ye ...

–

545 __NOTOC__ Year 545 ( DXLV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 545 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era be ...

). They were transported to England in 1870–1871. The manuscript was presented by Burdett-Coutts to Sir Roger Cholmely's School, and was housed at the Highgate (Burdett-Coutts III. 41), in London. In 1922 it was acquired for the University of Michigan. It is currently housed at the

(Ms. 27) in

Ann Arbor Anne, alternatively spelled Ann, is a form of the Latin female given name Anna (name), Anna. This in turn is a representation of the Hebrew Hannah (given name), Hannah, which means 'favour' or 'grace'. Related names include Annie (given name), ...

. It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by

F. H. A. Scrivener Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener (September 29, 1813, Bermondsey, Surrey – October 30, 1891, Hendon, Middlesex) was a New Testament textual critic and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version ...

(559) and

C. R. Gregory C. or c. may refer to: * Century, sometimes abbreviated as ''c.'' or ''C.'', a period of 100 years * Cent (currency), abbreviated ''c.'' or ''¢'', a monetary unit that equals of the basic unit of many currencies * Caius or Gaius, abbreviated as ...

(546). Gregory saw it in 1883. It was examined by

Dean Burgon John William Burgon (21 August 18134 August 1888) was an English Anglican divine who became the Dean of Chichester Cathedral in 1876. He was known during his lifetime for his poetry and his defence of the historicity and Mosaic authorship of Gen ...

, who described it in his ''The Revision Revised''. Scrivener examined and collated its text. His collation was edited posthumously in 1893.

References

External links

Images of the minuscule 546
at the

CSNTM The Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization whose mission is to digitally preserve Greek New Testament manuscripts. Toward that end, CSNTM takes digital photographs of manuscripts at institu ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0546 Greek New Testament minuscules 13th-century biblical manuscripts

Description

Text

History

See also

References

Further reading

External links