![Universal Declaration of Human Rights (miniature book)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_%28miniature_book%29.JPG)
A miniature book is a very small book. Standards for what may be termed a miniature rather than just a small book have changed through time. Today, most collectors consider a book to be miniature only if it is 3 inches or smaller in height, width, and thickness, particularly in the United States. Many collectors consider nineteenth-century and earlier books of 4 inches to fit in the category of miniatures. Book from 3-4 inches in all dimensions are termed macrominiature books. Books less than 1 inch in all dimensions are called microminiature books. Books less than 1/4 inch in all dimensions are known as ultra-microminiature books.
History
![Libro de horas en miniatura de los Médicis](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Libro_de_horas_en_miniatura_de_los_M%C3%A9dicis.jpg)
Miniature books stretch back far in history; many collections contain
cuneiform tablets stretching back thousands of years, and exquisite medieval
Books of Hours
The book of hours is a Christian devotional book used to pray the canonical hours. The use of a book of hours was especially popular in the Middle Ages and as a result, they are the most common type of surviving medieval illuminated manuscrip ...
. Printers began testing the limits of size not long after the technology of printing began, and around 200 miniature books were printed in the sixteenth century. Exquisite specimens from the 17th century abound. In the 19th century, technological innovations in printing enabled the creation of smaller and smaller type. Fine and popular additions alike grew in number throughout the 19th century in what was considered the golden age for miniature books.
While some miniature books are objects of high craft, bound in fine
Moroccan leather, with
gilt decoration and excellent examples of
woodcuts
Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking. An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts. Areas that ...
, etchings, and
watermarks
A watermark is an identifying image or pattern in paper that appears as various shades of lightness/darkness when viewed by transmitted light (or when viewed by reflected light, atop a dark background), caused by thickness or density variations ...
, others are cheap, disposable, sometimes highly functional items not expected to survive. Today, miniature books are produced both as fine works of craft and as commercial products found in chain bookstores.
Miniature books were produced for personal convenience. Miniature books could be easily be carried in the pocket of a waistcoat or a woman's reticule. Victorian women used miniature etiquette books to subtly ascertain information on polite behavior in society.
[What is a miniature book?]
. ''Miniature Book Society''. Retrieved November 27, 2019 Along with etiquette books, Victorian women that had copies of ''The Little Flirt'' learned to attract men by using items already in their possession, such as, gloves, handkerchiefs, a fan and parasol.
[Jones, Carrie P. “Miniature Books: Grab Your Bifocals.” Antiques & Collecting Magazine, September 2009, Vol. 114 Issue 7, p38-44, 6p. Retrieved November 27, 2019.] In 1922, miniature books regained popularity when 200 postage stamp sized books were created to be displayed in the miniature library of
Queen Mary's miniature doll house.
Princess Marie Louise, a relative of Queen Mary also requested that living authors contribute to the existing dollhouse library. Following in Queen Mary footsteps, many miniature book collectors begin collecting miniatures for their dollhouse libraries. A miniature book has even been to the moon. In 1969,
Astronaut “Buzz” Aldrin had a miniature book in his possession during a flight to the moon. It was an autobiography of
Robert Hutchings Goddard
Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945) was an American engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket. Goddard successfully lau ...
, who invented the first liquid-propellant rocket that make space flight possible.
Some popular types of miniature books from various periods include
Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and many other religions. The Bible is an anthologya compilation of texts of a ...
s,
encyclopedia
An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...
s,
dictionaries
A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by radical and stroke for ideographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologies, p ...
,
bilingual dictionaries
A bilingual dictionary or translation dictionary is a specialized dictionary used to translate words or phrases from one language to another. Bilingual dictionaries can be ''unidirectional'', meaning that they list the meanings of words of one l ...
,
short stories
A short story is a piece of prose fiction that typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked incidents, with the intent of evoking a single effect or mood. The short story is one of the oldest t ...
,
verse
Verse may refer to:
Poetry
* Verse, an occasional synonym for poetry
* Verse, a metrical structure, a stanza
* Blank verse, a type of poetry having regular meter but no rhyme
* Free verse, a type of poetry written without the use of strict me ...
, famous speeches,
political propaganda
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to Social influence, influence or persuade an audience to further an Political agenda, agenda, which may not be Objectivity (journalism), objective and may be selectively presenting facts to en ...
,
travel guides
A guide book or travel guide is "a book of information about a place designed for the use of visitors or tourists". It will usually include information about sights, accommodation, restaurants, transportation, and activities. Maps of varying det ...
,
almanac
An almanac (also spelled ''almanack'' and ''almanach'') is an annual publication listing a set of current information about one or multiple subjects. It includes information like weather forecasts, farmers' planting dates, tide tables, and other ...
s, children's stories, and the miniaturization of well-known books such as ''
The Compleat Angler
''The Compleat Angler'' (the spelling is sometimes modernised to ''The Complete Angler'', though this spelling also occurs in first editions) is a book by Izaak Walton. It was first published in 1653 by Richard Marriot in London.
Walton continu ...
'', ''
The Art of War
''The Art of War'' () is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Late Spring and Autumn Period (roughly 5th century BC). The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Sun"), is com ...
'', and
Sherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes () is a fictional detective created by British author Arthur Conan Doyle. Referring to himself as a " consulting detective" in the stories, Holmes is known for his proficiency with observation, deduction, forensic science and ...
stories. The appeal of miniature books was holding the works of prominent writers, such as
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...
in the person's hands.
Notable miniatures
Abraham Lincoln, ''Proclamation of Emancipation'' (Boston : John Murray Forbes, 1863). This miniature edition was the first of this text. It is estimated that a million copies were distributed to Union troops.
Miniature editions of works not originally published in miniature form
![Gutenberg Bible in miniature](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Gutenberg_Bible_in_miniature.jpg)
*Diamond Classics - published in London by
William Pickering, from 1819
*Liliput-Bibliothek - published in Leipzig by Schmidt & Günther from ca. 1909
*Bibliothèque miniature - published in Paris by Payot from ca. 1918
[Collection Bijou](_blank)
collectionnelson.fr. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
*Collection Bijou - published by Editions Nelson in Paris from ca. 1920
*Miniature Constitution of Ukraine
*
Thumb Bible {{Orphan, date=March 2017
A Thumb Bible is a type of miniature book. A usually paraphrased or abridged version of the Bible, it is a devotional volume whose name refers to its size. Many thumb bibles were intended for children and were decorated wi ...
s
"Smallest book in the world"
Many books have claim to the title of smallest book in the world at the time of their publication. The title can apply to a variety of accomplishments: smallest overall size, smallest book with
movable type
Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuatio ...
, smallest printed book, smallest book legible to the naked eye, and so on.
750: ''
Hyakumantō Darani
The , or the "One Million Pagodas and Dharani Prayers", are a series of Buddhist prayers or spells that were printed on paper and then rolled up and housed in wooden cases that resemble miniature pagodas in both appearance and meaning. Although wo ...
'' or ‘One Million Pagoda Dharani.' Also one of the earliest known printed texts, these 2-3/8" tall Buddhist charms were printed, rolled into a scroll, placed in miniature white pagodas, and distributed to Buddhist temples. A million were printed at the command of Japanese
Empress Shōtoku
An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother (empr ...
.
1674: ''Bloem-Hofje'' (Amsterdam: Benedict Schmidt, 1674). For more than two centuries, this remained the smallest book printed with moveable type.
1878: Dante, ''Divina Commedia'' (Milan: Gnocchi, 1878). 500 pages. 5 cm x 3.5 cm. Typeset and printed by the Salmin Brothers of Padua.
1897: Galileo Galilei. ''Galileo a Madama Cristina di Loren''a (Padua: dei Fratelli Salmin, 1897). 150 pages. This remains to this day the smallest book set from movable type.
1900:
Edward Fitzgerald, trans. ''
The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
''Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám'' is the title that Edward FitzGerald gave to his 1859 translation from Persian to English of a selection of quatrains (') attributed to Omar Khayyam (1048–1131), dubbed "the Astronomer-Poet of Persia".
Alth ...
'' (Cleveland: Charles H. Meigs, 1900).
1932: ''The Rose Garden of Omar Khayyam''.
1985: ''Old King Cole'' (Paisley: Gleniffer Press, 1985). Height: 0.9 mm. For 20 years this was the "smallest book in the world printed using offset lithography".
2001: New Testament (King James version) Cambridge: M.I.T, (2001). 5 x 5 mm.
2002:
Anton Chekhov
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; 29 January 1860 Old Style date 17 January. – 15 July 1904 Old Style date 2 July.) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career ...
, ''Chameleon'' (Omsk, Siberia:
Anatoly Konenko
Anatoly Ivanovich Konenko (russian: Анато́лий Ива́нович Коне́нко; born 23 February 1954) is a microminiature painter and sculptor from the Russian city of Omsk. In 1996 he was entered into the Guinness Book of World R ...
, 1996) 0.9 mm x 0.9 mm.
2006: ''ABC'' books in Russian and Roman characters (Omsk, Siberia:
Anatoly Konenko
Anatoly Ivanovich Konenko (russian: Анато́лий Ива́нович Коне́нко; born 23 February 1954) is a microminiature painter and sculptor from the Russian city of Omsk. In 1996 he was entered into the Guinness Book of World R ...
, 1996). 0.8 mm x 0.8 mm
2007: ''
Teeny Ted from Turnip Town
''Teeny Ted from Turnip Town'' (2007), published by Robert Chaplin, is certified by ''Guinness World Records'' as the world's smallest reproduction of a printed book. The book was produced in the Nano Imaging Laboratory at Simon Fraser University ...
'' (category: world's smallest reproduction of a printed book. Single sheet, not codex format.) 0.07 x 0.10 mm
2016:
Vladimir Aniskin
Vladimir Aniskin (born 15 December 1973) is a Russian miniature sculptor and Senior Researcher at the ITAM SB RAS, Guinness World Record Holder.
Biography
Vladimir Aniskin was born in Novosibirsk in 1973.
He graduated from Novosibirsk State ...
,
ntitled(Russia: Vladimir Aniskin, 2016). "The micro-book consists of several pages, each measuring only very tiny fractions of a millimeter: the precise size of the pages is 70 by 90 micrometers or 0.07 by 0.09 millimeters — too small to be read by the naked human eye. Made by gluing white paint to extremely thin film, the pages are hung from a tiny ring binder that allows them to be turned. The whole construction rests on a horizontal sliver of a poppy seed."
Charms, talismans, and amulets
In 2007, archaeologists found a miniature Bible (Glasgow: David Bryce & Son, 1901) tucked into a child's boot hidden in a chimney cavity in an English cottage in
Ewerby
Ewerby is a village in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies north-east from Sleaford and south from Anwick. The hamlet of Ewerby Thorpe lies to the east from Ewerby.
History
The 'Ewerby' place name is derived from ...
, Lincolnshire. Shoes were placed in such locations as early as the fourteenth-century as anti-witchcraft devices known as "spirit traps."
Publishing, printing, and binding in miniature
The creation of a miniature book requires exceptional skill in all aspects of book production, because elements such as bindings, pages, and type, illustrations, and subject matter all need to be approached with a new set of problems in mind. For instance, the pages of a miniature book do not fall open as do those of larger books, because the pages are not heavy enough. Bindings require exceptionally thin materials, and creating type that is readable and beautiful requires great skill. Many printers have created miniature books to test their own technical limits or to show off their skill. Many books have claimed the sought-after title of "smallest book in the world," which is now held by experiments in nanoprinting.
Publishers
Mystical Places Press Wenatchee, WA
Good Book Press, Santa Cruz, California
Dawson's Book Shop, Los Angeles, CA
The Gleniffer Press
Gloria Stuart
Gloria Frances Stuart (born Gloria Stewart; July 4, 1910 September 26, 2010) was an American actress, visual artist, and activist. She was known for her roles in Pre-Code films, and garnered renewed fame late in life for her portrayal of Rose ...
, the film actress, published numerous miniature books as collaborations with significant printers
Plum Park Press
The Smallest Books in the World, Peru
Miniboox German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
publisher of miniature book
Achille St. OngeБукос(Bookos), russian publisher specializing in miniature craft books Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
Commercial publishers
HarperCollins
HarperCollins Publishers LLC is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Penguin Random House, Simon & Schuster, Hachette, and Macmillan. The company is headquartered in New York City and is a subsidiary of News Cor ...
,
Collins Gem Books division.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...
published many miniature religious books and children's books in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Running Press
Running Press is an American publishing company and member of the Perseus Books Group. The publisher's offices are located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with many of the corporate functions taking place in Perseus' New York City headquarters. I ...
, known for miniature books marketed as impulse buys in bookstore checkout lines.
Sanrio
is a Japanese entertainment company. It designs, licenses, and produces products focusing on the ''kawaii'' ("cute") segment of Japanese popular culture. Their products include stationery, school supplies, gifts, and accessories which are sold ...
, known for tiny blank books in its
Hello Kitty
, also known by her full name , is a fictional Character (arts), character created by Yuko Shimizu, currently designed by Yuko Yamaguchi, and owned by the Japanese company Sanrio. Sanrio depicts Hello Kitty as an Anthropomorphism, anthropomorphi ...
,
Little Twin Stars
This is a list of characters from Sanrio, a Japanese company specialized in creating kawaii (cute) characters. Sanrio sells and licenses products branded with these characters and has created over 450 characters. Their most successful and best kno ...
, and other lines starting in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Binders
Sangorski & Sutcliffe
Jan SobotaTony Firman
Artists, designers, typesetters and illustrators
Margaret Hicks
Collections
Library collections
* Th
largest collection of miniature books in the United Statesis held by the
Lilly Library
The Lilly Library, located on the campus of Indiana University (Bloomington), Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, is an important rare book and manuscript library in the United States. At its dedication on October 3, 1960, the library co ...
at
Indiana University Bloomington
Indiana University Bloomington (IU Bloomington, Indiana University, IU, or simply Indiana) is a public university, public research university in Bloomington, Indiana. It is the flagship university, flagship campus of Indiana University and, with ...
. Donated by collector
Ruth E. Adomeit
Ruth E. Adomeit (January 30, 1910 – February 16, 1996) was an American writer, editor, collector of miniature books and philanthropist.
Life
Adomeit was educated at Wellesley College, where she began her interest in miniature books after her f ...
, it numbers more tha
16,000 items.
* Second in size is the McGehee Miniature Book Collection of more than 15,000 items, at the
Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library
The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia is a research library that specializes in American history and literature, history of Virginia and the southeastern United States, the history of the University ...
at the
University of Virginia
The University of Virginia (UVA) is a Public university#United States, public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the university is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United S ...
. The collection was donated by collector Caroline Yarnall McGehee Lindemann Brandt, a charter member of th
Miniature Book Society
* In 2020, Jozsef Tari donated his collection of 5,700 miniature books to the Jókai Mór City Library of Pope in Hungary.
* The
University of Iowa
The University of Iowa (UI, U of I, UIowa, or simply Iowa) is a public university, public research university in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Founded in 1847, it is the oldest and largest university in the state. The University of Iowa is org ...
Special Collections and University Archives holds a collection of 4,000 miniatures donated by collector Charlotte M. Smith, which the
featureon
tumblr
Tumblr (stylized as tumblr; pronounced "tumbler") is an American microblogging and social networking website founded by David Karp in 2007 and currently owned by Automattic. The service allows users to post multimedia and other content to a sho ...
.
* The
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is ...
miniature book collection consists of 1,596 books that are ten centimeters or less in height. The Library of Congress offers digitized materials from the miniature collection, including many editions from the 19th century.
*
Rutgers University
Rutgers University (; RU), officially Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is a Public university, public land-grant research university consisting of four campuses in New Jersey. Chartered in 1766, Rutgers was originally called Queen's ...
Library holds some 1,500 volumes in the Alden Jacobs Collection.
*
Washington University in St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis (WashU or WUSTL) is a private research university with its main campus in St. Louis County, and Clayton, Missouri. Founded in 1853, the university is named after George Washington. Washington University is r ...
holds a significant collection, some on view in a permanent exhibition space, donated by Julian and Hope Edison.
*One of the most visited collections at the University of North Texas Library in Denton, TX, is their miniature book collection that contains around 3,000 items. A few items in the collection were at one time considered the smallest in the world.
*Th
Jewish Public Libraryin Montreal hosts the Lilly Toth Miniature Book Collection, a collection of 1,119 books donated by Hungarian Holocaust Survivor Lilly Toth (1925-2021).
Museum collections
* The
Morgan Library & Museum
The Morgan Library & Museum, formerly the Pierpont Morgan Library, is a museum and research library in the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It is situated at 225 Madison Avenue, between 36th Street to the south and 37th S ...
houses more than 8,000 miniature books.
*
Queen Mary's Dolls' House
Queen Mary's Dolls' House is a dollhouse built in the early 1920s, completed in 1924, for Queen Mary, the wife of King George V. It was designed by architect Sir Edwin Lutyens, with contributions from many notable artists and craftsmen of the ...
at
Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is strongly associated with the English and succeeding British royal family, and embodies almost a millennium of architectural history.
The original cast ...
in
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...
contains a miniature library of 200 books created expressly for the collection in the 1920s at a 1:12
scale. Along with reference volumes, a Bible and the
Quran
The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Classical Arabic, Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation in Islam, revelation from God in Islam, ...
, the library includes works—some written expressly for the collection—by prominent authors of the day such as
Arthur Conan Doyle
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British writer and physician. He created the character Sherlock Holmes in 1887 for ''A Study in Scarlet'', the first of four novels and fifty-six short stories about Ho ...
,
Thomas Hardy
Thomas Hardy (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet. A Victorian realist in the tradition of George Eliot, he was influenced both in his novels and in his poetry by Romanticism, including the poetry of William Word ...
, and
Vita Sackville-West
Victoria Mary, Lady Nicolson, CH (née Sackville-West; 9 March 1892 – 2 June 1962), usually known as Vita Sackville-West, was an English author and garden designer.
Sackville-West was a successful novelist, poet and journalist, as wel ...
. The books were bound by
Sangorski & Sutcliffe, and contained miniature bookplates illustrated by
E. H. Shepard.
* The
Baku Museum of Miniature Books
The Baku Museum of Miniature Books is the only museum of Miniature (illuminated manuscript), miniature books in the world, settled in the old part of Baku, called Old City (Baku), Inner City. The museum started its operation on April 2, 2002. In 2 ...
in
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...
is the only museum dedicated only to miniature books.
* The
Museum Meermanno in
the Hague
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
,
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
contains a significant miniature collection on permanent display.
Private collections
Prominent historical figures who collected miniature books include President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
and retailer
Stanley Marcus
Harold Stanley Marcus"Personal" (column), ''The Dallas Morning News'', November 9, 1905, page 5. (April 20, 1905 – January 22, 2002) was president (1950–1972) and later chairman of the board (1972–1976) of the luxury retailer Neiman ...
.
See also
*
Miniature art
Miniature art includes paintings, engravings and sculptures that are very small; it has a long history that dates back to prehistory. The portrait miniature is the most common form in recent centuries, and from ancient times, engraved gems, of ...
*
Pocket edition
Small-size books which could fit in a reader's pocket have existed from early times. For example, the early 8th-century gospel book known as the St Cuthbert Gospel has a page size of only . However, the concept of producing a specific pocket ed ...
References
Further reading
* Percy Edwin Spielmann, ''Catalogue of the Library of Miniature Books Collected by Percy Edwin Spielmann. Together with Some Descriptive Summaries'', London, Edward Arnold, 1961.
* Louis W. Bondy, ''Miniature Books: Their History from the Beginnings to the Present Day'', London, Sheppard Press, 1981.
* Doris V. Welsh, ''History of Miniature Books''. Albany, Fort Orange Press, 1987.
* Anne Bromer and Julian Edison, ''Miniature Books: 4,000 Years of Tiny Treasure''s (New York: Harry Abrams, 2007).
External links
The Miniature Book Society*Digitized items from th
in the Rare Book and Special Collections Division in the
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is ...
Collection of Miniature Books at the McCune Collection
{{Authority control
Books by type
Bookbinding
Book arts