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The Mindanao hornbill (''Penelopides affinis''), sometimes called the Mindanao tarictic hornbill, is a medium-small species of
BirdLife Species Factsheet
* Kemp, A. C. (2001). Family Bucerotidae (Hornbills). pp. 436–523 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. (2001). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World.'' Vol. 6. Mousebirds to Hornbills. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. {{Taxonbar, from=Q478141 Mindanao hornbill Birds of Mindanao Fauna of Dinagat Islands Fauna of Basilan Mindanao hornbill Mindanao hornbill
The Mindanao hornbill (''Penelopides affinis''), sometimes called the Mindanao tarictic hornbill, is a medium-small species of hornbill
Hornbills (Bucerotidae) are a family (biology), family of bird found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly coloured and sometimes has a Casque (an ...
found in the canopy of rainforest
Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainfores ...
s on Mindanao, Dinagat, Siargao and Basilan in the southern Philippines. As is the case with all Philippine tarictic hornbills, it has been considered a subspecies
In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ...
of '' P. panini''. The Samar hornbill is often included as a subspecies of the Mindanao hornbill.
Subspecies
There are two subspecies: * ''P. a. affinis'' (thenominate subspecies
In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ...
). Found on the islands of Mindanao, Dinagat and Siargao.
* ''P. affinis basilanica''. Found on the island of Basilan.
Behavior
It is social and often seen in pairs or small groups. These birds are noisy, emitting an incessant ''ta-rik-tik'' call, hence the name. Despite their noise they are difficult to find, being well camouflaged by the dense foliage.Diet
The principal food of Mindanao hornbill is fruit. It also eats insects, beetles, ants and earthworms (rarely).In captivity
The Mindanao hornbill is often labelled as ''Penelopides panini'' in zoos, due to thetaxonomic
Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification.
A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...
complications of this genus. London Zoo
London Zoo, also known as ZSL London Zoo or London Zoological Gardens is the world's oldest scientific zoo. It was opened in London on 27 April 1828, and was originally intended to be used as a collection for science, scientific study. In 1831 o ...
used to keep a bird labeled in this way. There are now very few Mindanao hornbills outside the Philippines. Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens keep an elderly female.
References
2. Clarido, A.P. (2017).Blacked- winged Clock: HornbillFurther reading
BirdLife Species Factsheet
* Kemp, A. C. (2001). Family Bucerotidae (Hornbills). pp. 436–523 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. (2001). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World.'' Vol. 6. Mousebirds to Hornbills. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. {{Taxonbar, from=Q478141 Mindanao hornbill Birds of Mindanao Fauna of Dinagat Islands Fauna of Basilan Mindanao hornbill Mindanao hornbill