''Milium'' (vernacular name milletgrass) is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
Eurasia
Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...
n,
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
n, and
North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
n plants in the
grass family
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and ...
.
Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
/ref>
; Species[''Milium'']
The Plant List. accessed 17 March 2014
* '' Milium atropatanum'' Maroofi - Iran
* '' Milium effusum'' - eastern + central Canada; northeastern + north-central United States; Eurasia
Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...
+ North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
from Iceland
Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
+ Spain to Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
+ Kamchatka
The Kamchatka Peninsula (russian: полуостров Камчатка, Poluostrov Kamchatka, ) is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about . The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk make up the peninsula's eastern and wes ...
* '' Milium pedicellare'' (Bornm.) Roshev. ex Melderis - Middle East
The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...
* '' Milium schmidtianum'' - Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
, Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...
* '' Milium transcaucasicum'' - Transcaucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Arme ...
* '' Milium vernale'' - Eurasia
Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...
+ North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
from France + Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
to Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
; naturalized in Idaho
Idaho ( ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. To the north, it shares a small portion of the Canada–United States border with the province of British Columbia. It borders the states of Montana and Wyom ...
; Formerly included[
many species once included in ''Milium'' but now considered better suited to other genera: '']Achnatherum
''Achnatherum'' is a genus of plants which includes several species of needlegrass. Several needlegrass species have been switched between ''Achnatherum'' and genus ''Stipa''; taxonomy between the two closely related genera is still uncertain.
' ...
'', ''Aeluropus
''Aeluropus'' is a genus of Eurasian and African plants in the grass family, found primarily in desert regions.
; Species
* ''Aeluropus badghyzii'' Tzvelev - Turkmenistan
* '' Aeluropus laciniatus'' Khodash. - Iran
* '' Aeluropus lagopoides'' ( ...
'', ''Agrostis
''Agrostis'' (bent or bentgrass) is a large and very nearly cosmopolitan genus of plants in the grass family, found in nearly all the countries in the world. It has been bred as a GMO creeping bent grass.
Species
* '' Agrostis aequivalvi'' ...
'', ''Airopsis
''Airopsis'' is a genus of southern European and northern African plants in the grass family.
;Species
The only accepted species is ''Airopsis tenella'', native to the western Mediterranean: Portugal, Spain, France incl Corsica, Italy incl Sic ...
'', '' Alloteropsis'', '' Amphicarpum'', ''Aniselytron
''Aniselytron'' is a genus of Asian plants in the grass family.
; Species
* '' Aniselytron agrostoides'' Merr. - Taiwan, Philippines
* '' Aniselytron treutleri'' (Kuntze) Soják - China (Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunna ...
'', '' Anthaenantia'', ''Antinoria
''Antinoria'' is a genus of Mediterranean plants in the Poaceae, grass family.
; Species
* ''Antinoria agrostidea'' (DC.) Parl. - Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia
* ''Antinoria insularis'' Parl. - Spain, Portugal, ...
'', ''Apera
''Apera'' is a small genus of annual grasses, known commonly as silkybent grass or windgrass. They are native to Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia but have been introduced and naturalized in much of North and South America.
; Species
* '' ...
'', ''Arundinella
''Arundinella'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, common in many tropical and subtropical regions.Phipps, J. B. 1967. Studies in the Arundinelleae (Gramineae). V. The series of the genus ''Arundinella''. Canadian Journal of Bot ...
'', ''Axonopus
''Axonopus'' is a genus of plants in the grass family, known generally as carpet grass. They are native primarily to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas with one species in tropical Africa and another on Easter Island. They are ...
'', ''Brachiaria
''Brachiaria'', or signalgrass, is a genus of plants in the grass family native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, southern Europe, the Americas, and various islands.[Cynodon
''Cynodon'' is a genus of plants in the grass family. It is native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Old World, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in the New World and on many oceanic islands.
The genus name comes from Gre ...]
'', ''Digitaria
''Digitaria'' is a genus of plants in the Poaceae, grass family native to tropical and warm temperate regions but can occur in tropical, subtropical, and cooler temperate regions as well. Common names include crabgrass, finger-grass, and fonio. ...
'', ''Echinochloa
''Echinochloa'' is a very widespread genus of plants in the grass family and tribe Paniceae. Some of the species are known by the common names barnyard grass or cockspur grass.
Some of the species within this genus are millets that are grown a ...
'', ''Eriochloa
''Eriochloa'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, commonly called cupgrass. They are found across much of Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas, plus a few places in European Russia.
; Species
* ''Eriochloa acuminata'' &ndas ...
'', ''Eriocoma
The Stipeae are a tribe of grasses within the subfamily Pooidae, with up to 600 described species.
Description
The defining morphological features of the Stipeae include single-flowered spikelets lacking a rachilla extension, and the lemmas (t ...
'', ''Gastridium
''Gastridium'' is a genus of plants in the Poaceae, grass family. Species of the genus are found in Africa and Eurasia. These grasses are sometimes called nit grass.
; Species
The following species are recognised in the genus ''Gastridium'':
* ' ...
'', '' Homolepis'', ''Ichnanthus
''Ichnanthus'', commonly called bedgrass, is a genus of tropical plants in the grass family, widespread in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas.Longhi-Wagner, H. M., V. Bittich, M. das G. L. Wanderley & G. J. Shepherd. 2001. Poaceae. 1: 1 ...
'', '' Isachne'', ''Luziola
''Luziola'' (watergrass) is a genus of New World in the grass family, native to North and South America including the West Indies.
; Species
* '' Luziola bahiensis'' (Steud.) Hitchc. - South America ( Colombia to Argentina), Greater Antilles, C ...
'', ''Muhlenbergia
''Muhlenbergia'' is a genus of plants in the grass family.
The genus is named in honor of the German-American amateur botanist Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (1753-1815). Many of the species are known by the common name muhly.
The greatest ...
'', ''Nassella
''Nassella'', or needlegrass, is a New World genus of over 100 perennial bunchgrasses found from North America through South America. The Latin word ''nassa'' refers to "a basket with a narrow neck". It is usually considered segregate from the ge ...
'', ''Oplismenus
''Oplismenus'' is a small genus of annual or perennial grasses, commonly known as basketgrass, found throughout the tropics, subtropics, and in some cases, temperate regions of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia. The systematics of the ...
'', ''Oryzopsis
''Oryzopsis'' is a genus of Chinese and North American plants in the grass family. Species from this genus are commonly called ricegrass.[Panicum
''Panicum'' (panicgrass) is a large genus of about 450 species of grasses native throughout the tropical regions of the world, with a few species extending into the northern temperate zone. They are often large, annual or perennial grasses, growi ...]
'', ''Paspalum
''Paspalum'' is a genus of plants in the grass family.
The group is widespread across much of Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. Commonly known as paspalum, bahiagrasses, crowngrasses or dallis grasses, many of the species are tall pere ...
'', ''Pentameris
''Pentameris'' is a genus of plants in the grass family, native primarily to Africa, with a few species in Yemen and on certain islands in the Indian Ocean.
A significant number of species are endemic to South Africa.Linder, Hans Peter, et al. ...
'', ''Piptatherum
''Piptatherum'' is a genus of plants in the grass family known as ricegrass.
They are widely distributed across much of Eurasia, North Africa, and North America. These are clumping perennial grasses with long, tapering leaf blades.
; Species
...
'', ''Piptochaetium
''Piptochaetium'', or speargrass, is a genus of plants in the grass family, native to North and South America. ''Piptochaetium'' is a bunchgrass genus in the tribe Stipeae.Clayton, W. D., et al. (2006 onwards)''Piptochaetium''.GrassBase - The Onl ...
'', '' Poa'', ''Polypogon
''Polypogon'' is a nearly cosmopolitan genus of plants in the grass family, commonly known beard grass or rabbitsfoot grass.
Description
''Polypogon'' species vary in appearance; some are erect, while others drape over the ground in waves. ...
'', ''Sorghum
''Sorghum'' () is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Some of these species are grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. One species is grown for grain, while many othe ...
'', ''Sporobolus
''Sporobolus'' is a nearly cosmopolitan genus of plants in the grass family. The name ''Sporobolus'' means "seed-thrower", and is derived from Ancient Greek word (), meaning "seed", and the root of () "to throw", referring to the dispersion of ...
'', ''Trachypogon
''Trachypogon'' is a small genus of African and Latin American plants in the grass family. Crinkleawn grass is a common name for plants in this genus.
; Species
* '' Trachypogon chevalieri'' (Stapf) Jacq.-Fél. - western + central Africa
* '' T ...
'', ''Tricholaena
''Tricholaena'' is a genus of Asian, African, and Italian plants in the grass family.
; Species
* ''Tricholaena capensis'' (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Nees - Free State, Namibia, Cape Province
* ''Tricholaena monachne'' (Trin.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb ...
'', ''Triplachne
''Triplachne'' is a genus of seaside plants in the grass family, native to shorelines in the Mediterranean region from the Canary Islands to Turkey. The only known species is ''Triplachne nitens'', called shining grass. It is native to Spain (inc ...
'', '' Zingeria'' and ''Zoysia
''Zoysia'' (;["Zoysia."](_blank)
entry at CollinsDictionary.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021. , -, ...
''.
References
Pooideae
Poaceae genera
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
{{Pooideae-stub