The military of New France consisted of a mix of regular soldiers from the French Army (

Carignan-Salières Regiment The Carignan-Salières Regiment was a Piedmont French military unit formed by merging two other regiments in 1659. They were led by the new Governor, Daniel de Rémy de Courcelles, and Lieutenant-General Alexandre de Prouville, Sieur de Tracy. ...

) and French Navy ( Troupes de la marine, later Compagnies Franches de la Marine) supported by small local volunteer militia units (

Colonial militia Colonial troops or colonial army refers to various military units recruited from, or used as garrison troops in, colonial territories. Colonial background Such colonies may lie overseas or in areas dominated by neighbouring land powers such ...

). Most early troops were sent from France, but localization after the growth of the colony meant that, by the 1690s, many were volunteers from the settlers of New France, and by the 1750s most troops were descendants of the original French inhabitants. Additionally, many of the early troops and officers who were born in France remained in the colony after their service ended, contributing to generational service and a military elite. The French built a series of forts from Newfoundland to Louisiana and others captured from the British during the 1600s to the late 1700s. Some were a mix of military posts and trading forts.

Military strategy

The soldiers of New France were either exceptionally well trained and very apt to the challenges of the colonial frontier, or they were dangerously inept. Most of the military consisted of habitant militia rather than actual French soldiers. Upon their arrival, the soldiers of New France learned quickly that the traditional military techniques seen on the battlefields of Europe were not at all effective in the New World. The Iroquois attacks on the French forced them to adapt to their current situation. Luckily the French were experts on forging alliances with the Native people and with the help from their allies the French adopted what they called "la petite guerre". This was essentially small-scale guerrilla warfare that allowed the French to harass and cripple targets slowly over time rather than engage in battle after battle, something that New France could not afford. The strategy consisted mostly of stealth and surprise attacks whose purpose lay in creating ambushes and raids, followed by immediate withdrawals from the battlefield. This strategy focused on the elimination of small groups of targets rather than capturing targets of strategic value.Horn, Bernd. The Canadian Way of War: Serving the National Interest. Toronto, ON, CAN: Dundurn Group, 2006. This style of warfare was not only well suited to the North American wilderness but it also allowed the French troops to be at a vast numerical disadvantage (outnumbered sometimes 20 to 1) and still effectively retaliate against their enemies, primarily the British.Nester, William R. The French And Indian War And The Conquest Of New France. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2014. pp. 1–7 Ironically, the fact that most of the soldiers were in fact habitant militia men actually aided in the ability to fight using these strategies given that many of these men would have been hunters and would already be accustomed to hunting and stalking in forests.

Indigenous relations

Indigenous allies

It was the job of the military to maintain good relations with frontier Indigenous North Americans in order to preserve French interests in the colony. In fact, preserving a positive relationship between the French and Native Peoples was the most important of the duties that were given to the military. Throughout the years the French developed ties with several Native tribes, those allies consisted mainly of the Abenakis, Algonquin, Huron, Montagnais, and Outaouais and through their partnership they taught the French much more than just military strategy. They taught them how to hunt, fish and dress their catches and they taught them how to navigate and essentially survive in the unforgiving Canadian wilderness. The French soldiers relied heavily on the Native warriors but their allegiance came at a cost. The Natives were "self interested and attached themselves only to the one who gives them the most… and if they failed to be rewarded one single time, the good that was done for them before counts for nothing". In addition, the Natives as tribes provided knowledge of the wilderness but the tribes themselves were not active in their wars as a whole. Native warriors participated in the French battles if they chose to do so usually under the arrangement that they would be compensated for their participation. Falling short on these agreements sometimes caused great discourse amongst the Natives and sometimes damaged French-Native relationships.

Decadence amongst the soldiers

Part of the job of the military was to create good trade relations with the Natives. New France relied heavily on the fur trade given that it was the only valuable commodity in the entire colony, which cost more to operate than it brought in, in profit.Nester, William R. The French And Indian War And The Conquest Of New France. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2014. However, much of the military hierarchy was not based on merit but rather on internal family connections, which allowed unqualified young ambitious and greedy men to take positions of high rank. This resulted in many soldiers leaving their post for weeks at a time in order to illegally trade with the Natives. The Natives had an understanding of how the trading system worked and considered the military as "trading-goods chiefs"Charles de Raymond. and Joseph L. Peyser. and Joseph L. Peyser. On the eve of conquest: the Chevalier de Raymond's critique of New France in 1754 . East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1997. and because of their dereliction of duty came to recognize many soldiers as dishonest people who went against their code. In addition there were even times where the presents the king would send to keep friendly relations with the Natives were often taken and sold to them for profit instead, the only presents they would give them would be mere trinkets. Therefore, the lack of discipline amongst some of the higher ups resulted in losing face amidst the natives and subsequently losing some of their business and their allegiance to the English.

Installations

The French and Canadiens built forts from Newfoundland to Louisiana and others captured from the British from the 1600s to the late 1700s. Some were a mix of military post and trading forts. *

Chateau St. Louis The Chateau St. Louis (french: Château Saint-Louis) in Quebec City was the official residence of the French Governor of New France and later the British Governor of Quebec, the Governor-General of British North America, and the Lieutenant-Gov ...

- built 1648 with 16 redoubts; rebuilt and finally destroyed by fire 1834 *

Citadelle of Quebec The Citadelle of Quebec (french: Citadelle de Québec), also known as ''La Citadelle'', is an active military installation and the secondary official residence of both the Canadian monarch and the governor general of Canada. It is located atop Cap ...

1673-1872 *

The Citadel, Montreal The Citadel of Montreal was a former fortress used to defend the city. It was located at what is now rue Notre-Dame between rue Bonsecours and rue Berri. Smaller than the one in Old Quebec, the Citadel was built by the French in 1690 replacing ...

1690-1821 *

Fortress of Louisbourg The Fortress of Louisbourg (french: Forteresse de Louisbourg) is a National Historic Site and the location of a one-quarter partial reconstruction of an 18th-century French fortress at Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Its two sie ...

, Louisbourg, (Ile Royale) Acadie 1720-1758 - destroyed in 1760 and partially rebuilt in the 1960s as a historic museum *

Port Royal Port Royal is a village located at the end of the Palisadoes, at the mouth of Kingston Harbour, in southeastern Jamaica. Founded in 1494 by the Spanish, it was once the largest city in the Caribbean, functioning as the centre of shipping and co ...

, Port Royale, Acadie 1605-1613 *

Fort Anne Fort Anne (first established in 1629 as the Scottish Charles Fort) is a four-bastion fort built to protect the harbour of Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. The fort repelled all French attacks during the early stages of King George's War. Now desig ...

1636-1713 *

Fort Beauharnois Fort Beauharnois was a French fort, serving as a fur trading post and Catholic mission, built on the shores of Lake Pepin, a wide section of the upper Mississippi River, in 1727. The location chosen was on lowlands and the fort was rebuilt in 17 ...

1727- *

Fort Beauséjour Fort Beauséjour (), renamed Fort Cumberland in 1755, is a large, five-bastioned fort on the Isthmus of Chignecto in eastern Canada, a neck of land connecting the present-day province of New Brunswick with that of Nova Scotia. The site was strateg ...

1751-1835 *

Fort Boishebert Fort Boishébert (originally known as Fort Nerepis) is a National Historic Site at Woodmans Point outside the Town of Grand Bay–Westfield, Kings County, New Brunswick, Canada. Located at the confluence of the Saint John River and Nerepis riv ...

before 1696 to 1751 * Fort Bon Secours 1685- *

Fort Bourbon Fort Bourbon was one of the forts built by La Vérendrye during his expansion of trade and exploration west from Lake Superior. Besides providing support for the important fur trade in what is now Manitoba, La Vérendrye wanted to conduct explora ...

1684 (by British); captured 1692 and captured by French several times and returned 1713 Fort Chambly 1840

Fort Carillon Fort Carillon, presently known as Fort Ticonderoga, was constructed by Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil, Governor of Canada (New France), French Canada, to protect Lake Champlain from a British invasion. Situated on the lake some south of Fort S ...

1755-1759 *

Fort Chambly Fort Chambly is a historic fort in La Vallée-du-Richelieu Regional County Municipality, Quebec. It is designated as a National Historic Site of Canada. Fort Chambly was formerly known as Fort St. Louis. It was part of a series of five fortificat ...

1675-1776 * Fort Champlain *

Fort-Coulonge Fort Coulonge is a village in the Pontiac Regional County Municipality in western Quebec, Canada, at the mouth of the Coulonge River. It is the francophone centre of the otherwise largely (57%) anglophone Pontiac MRC, with 79.6% listing French a ...

Fort Crevier Fort Crevier is a French fort built near the Saint-François River in Quebec. In 1687, near Saint-François-du-Lac, Quebec, Saint-François-du-Lac, the fort was built by Jean Crevier de Saint-François. It was also known as Fort Saint-François. ...

1687-1701 *

Fort Dauphin (Manitoba) Fort Dauphin, was built in 1741 near Winnipegosis, Manitoba with Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye, the western military commander, directing construction. The area provided a post located between the Assiniboine River and the Saskatchewan River. ...

1741-? *

Fort de Chartres Fort de Chartres was a French fortification first built in 1720 on the east bank of the Mississippi River in present-day Illinois. It was used as the administrative center for the province, which was part of New France. Due generally to river floo ...

Fort de la Montagne The Fort de la Montagne (also called Fort des Messieurs or Fort Belmont) was an old fortification, the remaining structures of which are located on Sherbrooke Street in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The fort was constructed in 1685 and parts of it we ...

Mont-Royal Mount Royal (french: Mont-Royal, officially Town of Mount Royal, french: Ville de Mont-Royal, abbreviated TMR, french: VMR) is an affluent on-island suburban town located on the northwest side of the eponymous Mount Royal, northwest of Downtown ...

1685 - Quebec and home to Governor; mostly destroyed by fire of 1854 * Fort du Sault Saint-Louis 1725 * Fort Douville 1720-1730 *

Fort Duquesne Fort Duquesne (, ; originally called ''Fort Du Quesne'') was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. It was later taken over by the British, and later the Americans, and developed a ...

1754-1758 *

Fort Frontenac Fort Frontenac was a French trading post and military fort built in July 1673 at the mouth of the Cataraqui River where the St. Lawrence River leaves Lake Ontario (at what is now the western end of the La Salle Causeway), in a location tradition ...

Fortenac 1673-1758; rebuilt 1783 *

Fort Gaspareaux Fort Gaspareaux (later Fort Monckton) was a French fort at the head of Baie Verte near the mouth of the Gaspareaux River and just southeast of the modern village of Port Elgin, New Brunswick, Canada, on the Isthmus of Chignecto. It was built durin ...

1751-1756 *

Fort Kaministiquia Fort Kaministiquia (former spellings include Fort Camanistigoyan, Fort Kanastigoya, Fort Kamanastigoya and others), was a French fort in North America. It was located on the north shore of Lake Superior at the mouth of the Kaministiquia River, in ...

* Fort La Baye 1717-1760 * Fort La Biche 1753-1757 Fort Lachine

Fort La Reine Fort La Reine was built in 1738 and is one of the forts of the western expansion directed by Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye, first military commander in the west of what is now known as Canada. Located on the Assiniboine River wh ...

1738-? *

Fort Le Boeuf Fort Le Bœuf (often referred to as Fort de la Rivière au Bœuf) was a fort established by the French during 1753 on a fork of French Creek (in the drainage area of the River Ohio), in present-day Waterford, in northwest Pennsylvania. The fort ...

1753-1763 *

Fort Lachine A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...

(Fort Rémy), Lachine 1672-1873 and site of

Lachine massacre The Lachine massacre, part of the Beaver Wars, occurred when 1,500 Mohawk warriors launched a surprise attack against the small (375 inhabitants) settlement of Lachine, New France, at the upper end of Montreal Island, on the morning of August 5, ...

; abandoned 1825 and destroyed 1873 *

Fort de la Corne Fort de la Corne was one of the two French forts established on the Saskatchewan River in the 20 years between the end of La Vérendrye's push west from Lake Superior in 1731–1743 and the fall of New France in 1763. (The other was Fort La Jo ...

1753-? *

Fort La Jonquière Fort La Jonquière was a French fort built along the Saskatchewan River in the spring of 1751. It was purported to have been the furthest west outpost of New France. The fort was named after the Governor General of New France at the time, Jacque ...

1751-? * Fort La Pointe 1693-1759 *

Fort Laprairie Fort Laprairie was constructed in 1687, and served as a military fort in New France until 1713. The fort was attacked by Major Peter Schuyler on August 11, 1691, but resisted to the invaders. The British and Dutch colonists were commanded by M ...

, Laprairie 1687-1713; site of the

Battle of La Prairie The Battle of La Prairie was an attack made on the French colonial settlement of La Prairie, New France on August 11, 1691 by an English, Mohawk and Mohican force coming north from Albany, New York. The force, led by Major Pieter Schuyler, init ...

1691 *

1738-1852 * Fort Le Sueur 1695- *

Fort Machault Fort Machault (, ) was a fort built by the French in 1754 near the confluence of French Creek with the Allegheny River, in northwest Pennsylvania. (Present-day Franklin developed here later.) The fort helped the French control these waterways, ...

1754-1763 *

Fort Maurepas Fort Maurepas, later known as Old Biloxi, "Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville" (biography), ''Catholic Encyclopedia'', 1907, webpage: gives dates: 13 Feb. 1699, went to the mainland Biloxi, with fort completion May 1, 1699; sailed f ...

1734- *

Fort Menagoueche Fort Menagoueche (french: Fort Menagouèche) (1751, destroyed 1755, present historic site) was a French fort at the mouth of the St. John River, New Brunswick, Canada. French Officer Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot and Ignace-Phi ...

1751-1755 * Fort Miami 1679-1680 *

Fort des Miamis Fort Miami, originally called Fort St. Philippe or Fort des Miamis, was the name of a pair of French palisade forts built at Kekionga, the principal village of the Miami. It was situated where the St. Joseph River and St. Marys River merge to ...

1702-1760 *

Fort Michilimackinac Fort Michilimackinac was an 18th-century French, and later British, fort and trading post at the Straits of Mackinac; it was built on the northern tip of the lower peninsula of the present-day state of Michigan in the United States. Built arou ...

1715-1780 *

Fort Michipicoton A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...

1725-1904

Fort Nashwaak Fort Nashwaak (also known as Fort Naxoat, Fort St. Joseph) was the capital of Acadia and is now a National Historic Sites of Canada, National Historic Site of Canada in present-day Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. It was located strategically ...

1692-1700 *

Fort Niagara Fort Niagara is a fortification originally built by New France to protect its interests in North America, specifically control of access between the Niagara River and Lake Ontario, the easternmost of the Great Lakes. The fort is on the river's e ...

1726- *

Fort Ouiatenon Fort Ouiatenon, built in 1717, was the first fortified European settlement in what is now Indiana, United States. It was a palisade stockade with log blockhouse used as a French trading post on the Wabash River located approximately three miles ...

1717-1791 *

Fort Paskoya Fort Paskoya or Paskoyac or Pasquia was a French fort and trading post on the lower Saskatchewan River above Cedar Lake. Around 1740 La Vérendrye built four forts to control the chain of lakes west of Lake Winnipeg. These were Fort Pascoya, For ...

1741- *

Fort Pentagouet Fort Pentagouët (Fort Pentagoet, Fort Castine, Fort Penobscot, Fort Saint-Pierre) was a French fort established in present-day Castine, Maine, which was the capital of Acadia (1670–1674). It is the oldest permanent settlement in New England. I ...

1613-1674 * Fort Pimiteoui1691-1812 *

Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit or Fort Detroit (1701–1796) was a fort established on the north bank of the Detroit River by the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and the Italian Alphonse de Tonty in 1701. In the 18th century, Fr ...

1701-1796 *

Fort Presque Isle Fort Presque Isle (also Fort de la Presqu'île) was a fort built by French soldiers in summer 1753 along Presque Isle Bay at present-day Erie, Pennsylvania, to protect the northern terminus of the Venango Path. It was the first of the French pos ...

1753-1852 *

Fort Richelieu Fort Richelieu is a historic fort in La Vallée-du-Richelieu Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. The fort is designated as a National Historic Site of Canada. Fort Richelieu was part of a series of five forts built along the Richelieu R ...

1665-? * Fort Royal (Plaisance) 1687-1713 * Fort Rouge 1738-1741 * Fort Sainte Anne 1686-1693 *

Fort Saint Antoine Fort Saint Antoine was a French fort on Lake Pepin in present-day Wisconsin founded in 1686 by explorer and fur trader Nicholas Perrot and his expedition of Canadiens. They had come to the region to begin trading with Native American tribes of the ...

1686-1731 *

Fort Saint Charles Fort Saint Charles (1732) on Lake of the Woods was the second post built by La Vérendrye during his expansion of trade and exploration west of Lake Superior. It was located on Magnuson's Island on the Northwest Angle of Minnesota, 3.5 miles ea ...

1732- * Fort Sainte Croix 1683- * Fort Saint Jacques 1686-1713 * Fort Saint Jean,

La Vallée-du-Richelieu LA most frequently refers to Los Angeles, the second largest city in the United States. La, LA, or L.A. may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * La (musical note), or A, the sixth note * "L.A.", a song by Elliott Smith on ''Figure ...

1666 - destroyed 1760 and rebuilt by British in 1775 and had small shipyard FortStJeanPeachey1790

* Fort Saint Joseph 1691-1795 * Fort Saint Nicholas 1685- *

Fort Saint Pierre Fort Saint Pierre on Rainy Lake was the first French fort built west of Lake Superior. It was the first of eight forts built during the elder Vérendrye's expansion of trade and exploration westward from the Great Lakes. History In 1688 Jacque ...

1731-1812? * Fort Sandoské 1747-1763 *

Fort Senneville Fort Senneville is one of the outlying forts of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, built by the Canadiens of New France near the Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue in 1671. The property was part of a fief ceded to Dugué de Boisbriant in 1672 by the Sulpicians. A l ...

1671-1691; 1692-1776 * Fort Tourette 1683-1763 *

Fort Trempealeau Fort Trempealeau was founded in 1685 by Nicholas Perrot and a groupe of Canadiens. In the fall of 1685, Perrot and his men arrived at Mont Trempealeau by canoe. The Winnebagos called this mountain, ''Hay-nee-ah-cheh'', or the mountain in the wa ...

1685-1731 * Fort Verchères 1672- * Fort Vincennes 1731-1766 *

Fort Ville-Marie Fort Ville-Marie was a French fortress and settlement established in May 1642 by a company of French settlers, led by Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve, on the Island of Montreal in the Saint Lawrence River at the confluence of the Ottawa River, ...

1642-74; demolished 1688

Units

Officier portant les couleurs du regiment de Carignan-Salieres

French Army The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (french: Armée de Terre, ), is the land-based and largest component of the French Armed Forces. It is responsible to the Government of France, along with the other components of the Armed For ...

(Régiment de Carignan-Salières) - volunteer army unit (1665–1668) *** François Cottineau, dit Champlaurier, a member of this unit and ancestor of PM

Sir Wilfrid Laurier Sir Henri Charles Wilfrid Laurier, ( ; ; November 20, 1841 – February 17, 1919) was a Canadian lawyer, statesman, and politician who served as the seventh prime minister of Canada from 1896 to 1911. The first French Canadian prime minist ...

*** 176 soldiers and 4 officers 1740s ** Canadian Voyageurs - militia unit ** militia artillery corps (2 brigades) - 1723 ** Reserve companies (2 units) - 1750s ** The Governor General's Guard 1672-1682 - 20 mounted men-at-arms or carabineers for Comte de Frontenac ** Compagnie des canonniers-bombardiers de Quebec (Gunner and Bombardier Company) 1750-1760 - consisted of 43 gunners/bombers **

Régiment de la Reine The Régiment de la Reine (''Queen's Regiment'') was a French Army infantry regiment active in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is principally known for its role in the Seven Years' War, when it served in the French and Indian War, North American ...

1755-1760 ** Régiment de Guyenne 1755-1760 ** Régiment de Berry 1755-1760 **

Régiment de Béarn A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service and/or a specialisation. In Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscripted ...

1755-1760 ** Régiment La Sarre 1755-1760 **

Régiment Royal Roussillon The 54th Infantry Regiment (''54e régiment d’infanterie'' or ''54e RI'') was a line infantry regiment of the French Army. History Early service It was formed in 1657 during the Ancien Régime as the ''régiment Mazarin-Catalans'', being ...

1755-1760 **

Régiment de Languedoc The Régiment de Languedoc was a French Army regiment active in the 18th century. It is principally known for its role in the Seven Years' War, when it served in the North American theatre. History The regiment arrived in Quebec City June 19, ...

1755-1760 **

Régiment de Bourgogne The Bourgogne Regiment was a French Royal Army regiment established in 1665 and disbanded in 1791. Formed by Ancien Régime officials on 7 December 1665 as one of 37 new line infantry regiments created in response to King Philip IV of Spain's dea ...

1755-1760 **

Régiment d'Artois The Régiment Artois was a French Army regiment active during the late 17th century and 18th century. It is principally known for its role in the Seven Years' War, when it served in the North American theatre. History The regiment arrived in Ne ...

1755-1760 - 520 soldiers **

Régiment de Cambis A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, military service, service and/or a administrative corps, specialisation. In Middle Ages, Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large bod ...

1758 - 680 soldiers *** 2 companies ** Marechaussee - police unit *

French Navy The French Navy (french: Marine nationale, lit=National Navy), informally , is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the five military service branches of France. It is among the largest and most powerful naval forces in t ...

** Régiment suisse de Karrer 1722-1745 (Louisbourg); 1747-1749 (Quebec) ** 28 Compagnies franches de la Marine of Canada 1683-1755 *** 30 companies 1750s with 1500 soldiers and 120 officers ** Compagnies franches de la Marine of Acadia *** 4 companies with 200 soldiers and 12 officers by 1702 ** Compagnies franches de la Marine of Plaisance *** 3 companies with 150 soldiers and 9 officers by the 1690s ** Compagnies franches de la Marine on Ile Royale 1710s *** 24 companies with 1200 soldiers and 96 officers by 1749 ** Bombardiers de la Marine (Navy Bombardiers) 1702-1760s - 108 bombardiers ** Troupes de la marine (Troops of Marines) 1682-1755 - 1759 - 1000 soldiers ** Galley Troops (Pertuisaniers des Galères) * Canadian Militia ** District of Québec: 1759 - 5,640 militiamen ** District of Montréal: 1759 - 5,455 militiamen 4,200 sent to Quebec City ** District of Trois-Rivière: 1759 - 1,300 militiamen 1,100 to Quebec City ** Canadian Cavalry: 200 cavalrymen *

Acadian Militia The military history of the Acadians consisted primarily of militias made up of Acadian settlers who participated in wars against the English (the British after 1707) in coordination with the Wabanaki Confederacy (particularly the Mi'kmaw milit ...

1759 - 150 militiamen * Native Indians 1759 - 1,800

Military commanders

Louis-Joseph de Montcalm Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Grozon, Marquis de Montcalm de Saint-Veran (28 February 1712 – 14 September 1759) was a French soldier best known as the commander of the forces in North America during the Seven Years' War (whose North American th ...

* Chevalier de Lévis *

Louis Antoine de Bougainville Louis-Antoine, Comte de Bougainville (, , ; 12 November 1729 – August 1811) was a French admiral and explorer. A contemporary of the British explorer James Cook, he took part in the Seven Years' War in North America and the American Revolution ...

François-Charles de Bourlamaque François-Charles de Bourlamaque (the surname can also be seen as Burlamaqui) (1716 – 1764) was a French military leader and Governor of Guadeloupe from 1763. Biography His father Francesco Burlamacchi was born in Lucca, Tuscany. He began as ...

* Claude-Pierre Pécaudy de Contrecœur *

Marquis de Denonville A marquess (; french: marquis ), es, marqués, pt, marquês. is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman wi ...

Jean-Daniel Dumas Jean-Daniel Dumas (24 February 1721 – 2 August 1794) was a French officer in the Seven Years' War. The French and Indians launched an attack on General Edward Braddock's column at the Battle of the Monongahela. Dumas and Charles Michel de Lang ...

Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu Daniel Hyacinthe Liénard de Beaujeu (9 or 19 August 1711 – 9 July 1755) was a French officer during King George's War and the French and Indian War. He participated in the Battle of Grand Pre (1747). He also organized the force that attacked ...

Louis Coulon de Villiers Louis Coulon, Sieur de Villiers (17 August 1710 – 2 November 1757) was a French military officer who served during the French and Indian War. Perhaps his greatest claim to fame is the fact that he is the only military opponent to force Geor ...

* Chevalier de la Corne * Charles Le Moyne * Joseph-François Hertel de la Fresnière

French Royal Navy

Jean Vauquelin Jean Vauquelin (February 1728 – 10 November 1772) was a French naval officer. Vauquelin came to Canada as part of the naval force involved in the Seven Years' War. He arrived in 1758 in command of the frigate ''Atalante''. Ensuring action invo ...

* Duc d'Anville *

Joseph de Bauffremont Joseph de Bauffremont, Prince of Listenois (1714–1781), was a member of the Bauffremont family, and a French Navy officer under Louis XIV. He was a commander in the Seven Years' War. On 16 March 1757 his squadron captured the 50-gun , commanded ...

* Comte de La Galissonière *

Pierre LeMoyne d'Iberville Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville (16 July 1661 – 9 July 1706) or Sieur d'Iberville was a French soldier, explorer, colonial administrator, and trader. He is noted for founding the colony of Louisiana in New France. He was born in Montreal to French ...

Louis Charles du Chaffault de Besné Louis Charles du Chaffault de Besné ( Montaigu, 29 February 1708 — Nantes, 29 June 1794) was a French Navy officer. He notably took part in the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1747, and was one of the commanders at the Battle of Ushan ...

* Marquis de la Jonquière * Dubois de la Motte * Alcide 64-guns *

L'Algonquin The ''Algonquin'' was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. She was launched from Québec City in (New France), on 9 June 1753 and placed into service on 8 January 1754.W.J.Eccles, France en Amérique, p.123 In 1755, she was placed into ...

74-guns * Bienfaisant 64-guns *

Bourgogne Burgundy (; french: link=no, Bourgogne ) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. The c ...

* Dauphin Royal 74-guns * ''Diadème'' 74-guns * Duc de Bourgogne 74-guns * Fantasque 64-guns * Formidable 80-guns * Héros 74-guns * Le Machault 32-guns *

Orient The Orient is a term for the East in relation to Europe, traditionally comprising anything belonging to the Eastern world. It is the antonym of ''Occident'', the Western World. In English, it is largely a metonym for, and coterminous with, the c ...

80-guns * Pélican 44-guns * Raisonable 64-guns * ''Tonnant'' 84-guns

Ships built in New France

A list of ships posted to New France: * La Tempête Ship building in New France 1650s and repair facilities were available in Quebec and Louisburg. Ships built in Quebec shipyard include: * 500-tonne store ship launched on June 4, 1742 * Caribou, a 700-tonne store ship launched on May 13, 1744 * Castor, a 26-gun frigate launched on May 16, 1745 * Carcajou, a 12-gun corvette built in 1744-45 * Martre, a 22-gun frigate launched on June 6, 1746 * Saint-Laurent, a 60-gun vessel launched on June 13, 1748 * Original, a 60-gun vessel - sank when launched on September 2, 1750 *

Algonquin Algonquin or Algonquian—and the variation Algonki(a)n—may refer to: Languages and peoples *Algonquian languages, a large subfamily of Native American languages in a wide swath of eastern North America from Canada to Virginia **Algonquin la ...

, a 72-gun ship launched in June 1753 * Abénaquise, a 30-gun frigate launched in the spring of 1756 * 30-gun frigate begun in 1756 but not completed

Weapons

muskets A musket is a muzzle-loaded long gun that appeared as a smoothbore weapon in the early 16th century, at first as a heavier variant of the arquebus, capable of penetrating plate armour. By the mid-16th century, this type of musket gradually dis ...

** light hunting musket by militia units ** flintlock muskets by marines ** matchlock muskets with bayonets by marines * swords *

pike Pike, Pikes or The Pike may refer to: Fish * Blue pike or blue walleye, an extinct color morph of the yellow walleye ''Sander vitreus'' * Ctenoluciidae, the "pike characins", some species of which are commonly known as pikes * ''Esox'', genus of ...

- used by pikemen *

hatchet A hatchet (from the Old French , a diminutive form of ''hache'', 'axe' of Germanic origin) is a single-handed striking tool with a sharp blade on one side used to cut and split wood, and a hammerhead on the other side. Hatchets may also be use ...

- used by militiamen *

halberd A halberd (also called halbard, halbert or Swiss voulge) is a two-handed pole weapon that came to prominent use during the 13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. The word ''halberd'' is cognate with the German word ''Hellebarde'', deriving from ...

References

{{Evolution of the Military of Canada New France

Military strategy

Indigenous relations

Indigenous allies

Decadence amongst the soldiers

Installations

Units

Military commanders

French Royal Navy

Ships built in New France

Weapons

See also

References