Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
has a number of military academies of different specialties. This article primarily lists institutions of the
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (, ), commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military forces of Russia. In terms of active-duty personnel, they are the world's fifth-largest military force, with at least two m ...
rather than those of the
Soviet Armed Forces
The Soviet Armed Forces, the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union and as the Red Army (, Вооружённые Силы Советского Союза), were the armed forces of the Russian SFSR (1917–1922), the Soviet Union (1922–1991), and th ...
.
Russian institutions designated as an "academy" are
post-graduate
Postgraduate or graduate education refers to academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications pursued by post-secondary students who have earned an undergraduate ( bachelor's) degree.
The organization and stru ...
professional military schools for experienced commissioned officers who graduated from
higher military school or
military training center within civilian
university
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
and have some years of active duty service after graduation. Thus, military academies are educational institutions conducting the advance training career commissioned officer programmes. These programmes are named magistratura (russian: магистратура) and take 2 years. Military academies are the second (operational-tactical) level of officer training. Their graduates can be appointed to battalion/regiment/brigade commander or equivalent positions.
At the moment, some military academies also conduct programmes for the training of
warrant officers
Warrant officer (WO) is a rank or category of ranks in the armed forces of many countries. Depending on the country, service, or historical context, warrant officers are sometimes classified as the most junior of the commissioned ranks, the most ...
and
commissioned officers
An officer is a person who holds a position of authority as a member of an armed force or uniformed service.
Broadly speaking, "officer" means a commissioned officer, a non-commissioned officer, or a warrant officer. However, absent context ...
.
A special case is
which is the third (strategic) level of officer training. This academy prepares highest ranking military officers. The educational programme at Military Academy of the General Staff takes 2 years.
Admission
Magistratura (operational-tactical level)
Officer wishing to join the program shall comply with the entry requirements illustrated below
Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (strategic level)
Officer wishing to join the program shall comply with the entry requirements illustrated below
Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces
In 1936,
Leonid Govorov
Leonid Aleksandrovich Govorov (russian: Леони́д Алекса́ндрович Го́воров; – 19 March 1955) was a Soviet military commander. Trained as an artillery officer, he joined the Red Army in 1920. He graduated from several ...
founded the current
General Staff Academy in Moscow. It has been the senior Russian professional school for officers in their late 1930s. The "best and the brightest" senior commissioned officers of all forces are selected to attend this most prestigious of all Soviet military academies. Students are admitted to the Academy in the
rank
Rank is the relative position, value, worth, complexity, power, importance, authority, level, etc. of a person or object within a ranking, such as:
Level or position in a hierarchical organization
* Academic rank
* Diplomatic rank
* Hierarchy
* H ...
s of lieutenant colonel,
colonel
Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations.
In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...
, and Major General (one star). Most are colonels or newly promoted generals. Previous names include: Marshal Voroshilov Military Academy of the WPRA General Staff; General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR; General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Magistratura level military academies
General-purpose Military Academies
S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy
The
S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy
The S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy (russian: Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова) is a higher education institution of military medicine in Saint Petersburg and the Russian Federation. Senior ...
(russian: Военно-медицинская академия им. С. М. Кирова) in Saint Petersburg was established in 1798. Senior medical staff are trained for the Armed Forces and conduct research in military medical services. The institution also provides advanced training for mid-career military medical doctors and trains graduate students to Ph.D. level.
Krasnodar Higher Military School named for Army General S.M. Shtemenko
The academy was founded in 1929. Since 1954, it is located in
Krasnodar
Krasnodar (; rus, Краснода́р, p=krəsnɐˈdar; ady, Краснодар), formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern ...
.
Military University of Radioelectronics
The academy was founded in 1957 in
Cherepovets
Cherepovets ( rus, Череповец, p=tɕɪrʲɪpɐˈvʲɛts) is a city in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located in the west of the oblast on the banks of the Sheksna River (a tributary of the Volga River) and on the shores of the Rybinsk Reservoir. ...
.
Military Academies of the Ground Forces
Budyonny Military Academy of the Signal Corps
The
Budyonny Military Academy of the Signal Corps
The S. M. Budyonny Military Academy of the Signal Corps is a military university in Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, founded in 1919. The academy trains officers for service in the Signal Troops of the Russian Ground Forces.
History
* ...
() was created in 1932 in
Leningrad
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
. It is named after
Semyon Budyonny
Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonnyy ( rus, Семён Миха́йлович Будённый, Semyon Mikháylovich Budyonnyy, p=sʲɪˈmʲɵn mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪdʑ bʊˈdʲɵnːɨj, a=ru-Simeon Budyonniy.ogg; – 26 October 1973) was a Russian ca ...
. It trains the Russian military's future signals and communications experts.
Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
![OVA RF](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/OVA_RF.JPG)
In 1918 the
Frunze Military Academy
The M. V. Frunze Military Academy (russian: Военная академия имени М. В. Фрунзе), or in full the Military Order of Lenin and the October Revolution, Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Academy in the name of M. V. Frunze (rus ...
in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
was established as the academy of the General Staff, which became the
RKKA
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...
Military Academy in 1921. It is named after
Mikhail Frunze
Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze (russian: Михаил Васильевич Фрунзе; ro, Mihail Frunză; 2 February 1885 – 31 October 1925) was a Bolshevik leader during and just prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Born in the modern-day ...
then USSR Minister of Defence in mid-1920s. It is roughly the equivalent of the U.S. Army's
Command and General Staff College
The United States Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC or, obsolete, USACGSC) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, is a graduate school for United States Army and sister service officers, interagency representatives, and international military ...
at
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
Fort Leavenworth () is a United States Army installation located in Leavenworth County, Kansas, in the city of Leavenworth. Built in 1827, it is the second oldest active United States Army post west of Washington, D.C., and the oldest perman ...
or the British Army's
Staff College, Camberley
Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, was a staff college for the British Army and the presidency armies of British India (later merged to form the Indian Army). It had its origins in the Royal Military College, High Wycombe, founded in 1799, which i ...
. Officers in their late twenties up to thirty-two years at the rank of Captain or Major enter if they pass the competitive entry examinations.
In the 1930s, higher academic courses were added to the Frunze curriculum as an advanced training program for previous graduates. Later on, this program became the basis for the "Voroshilov General Staff Academy" and the Frunze Academy refocused upon combined arms ground warfare training at the tactical level. In September 1998 the Frunze Academy and the "Malinovsky Academy" were amalgamated into the
, on the site of the former Frunze Academy, which since 2010 is known as ''Military Educational and Scientific Centre''. The ''Military Educational and Scientific Centre'' has been the site of a number of Russian-Western joint military activities, including an
IISS
The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) is a British research institute or think tank in the area of international affairs. Since 1997, its headquarters have been Arundel House in London, England.
The 2017 Global Go To Think T ...
conference in February 2001, and U.S.-Russian exercises.
After graduation from ''Military Educational and Scientific Center'', every graduate officer receives a diploma and a silver diamond-shaped badge which has to be worn on the right side of his uniform or civilian clothes above all other military or civilian decorations or ribbon bars.
Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy
The Mikhailovskaya Artillery Military Academy (russian: Михайловская военная артиллерийская академия) in
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
dates back to 1698. In 1849 it was named ''Mikhailovskaya'' after
Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich of Russia
Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich of Russia (russian: Михаи́л Па́влович; ''Mikhail Pavlovich'') (8 February 1798 S 28 January– 9 September 1849 S 28 August was a Russian grand duke, the tenth child and fourth son of Paul I o ...
. In 1925 it merged into the Red Army Military Technical Academy, was restored in 1953 as
Kalinin Artillery Military Academy () as a spin-off of the Dzerzhinsky Academy, and in 1995 went back to the Grand Duke's name.
Military Academy of Field Anti-Aircraft Defense
Military Academy of Field Anti-Aircraft Defense (russian: Военная академия войсковой противовоздушной обороны имени Маршала Советского Союза А.М. Василевского) was founded in 1970 in
Smolensk
Smolensk ( rus, Смоленск, p=smɐˈlʲensk, a=smolensk_ru.ogg) is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 863, it is one of the oldest c ...
.
Military Logistics Academy
![2018 Moscow Victory Day Parade 36](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/2018_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_36.jpg)
The
Military Logistics Academy
The Military Logistics Academy, officially known as the Military Academy of Logistical Support "General of the Army A. V. Khrulyov" () a subordinate school of the Russian Ground Forces, is located in the northern city Saint Petersburg. It was cre ...
(russian: Военная академия материально-технического обеспечения имени генерала армии А.В. Хрулёва) was created in 1918 in Leningrad. It trains officers and NCO's for the various Armed Forces
rear services Rear services were those agencies in Warsaw Pact and Soviet style military forces concerned with military logistics and support. The Rear Services supplied the armed forces with ammunition, fuel, spare parts, food, clothing, and other material. They ...
and the Army Transportation Force, a part of the rear services. One of its graduates is
Igor Levitin
Igor Yevgenyevich Levitin (russian: Игорь Евгеньевич Левитин) (born 21 February 1952) is a Russian political figure, Aide to the President of the Russian Federation since September 2013, and Class 1 Active State Advisor of th ...
, a former Russian
Minister of Transport
A ministry of transport or transportation is a ministry responsible for transportation within a country. It usually is administered by the ''minister for transport''. The term is also sometimes applied to the departments or other government agen ...
.
NBC Protection Military Academy
Timoshenko NBC Protection Military Academy () was established in 1932 in Moscow. It is named after
Semyon Timoshenko
Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (russian: link=no, Семён Константи́нович Тимоше́нко, ''Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko''; uk, Семе́н Костянти́нович Тимоше́нко, ''Semen Kostiantyno ...
. Its duties are for the training of officers and NCOs in chemical warfare and defence. It is located in
Kostroma
Kostroma ( rus, Кострома́, p=kəstrɐˈma) is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russian cities, it is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. Popu ...
in Kostroma Oblast and has now opened its doors to engineering cadets as well.
Military Academies of the Navy
Kuznetsov Naval Academy
Formerly known as Marshal
Andrey Grechko
Andrei Antonovich Grechko (, ; – 26 April 1976) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union (from 1955). He was Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union from 1967 to 1976.
Early life
Grechko was the thirteenth child born to a family of Ukrainians, Ukrai ...
Naval Academy, the
Kuznetsov Naval Academy
The N. G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy (russian: Военно-морская академия имени Н. Г. Кузнецова) is the main staff college and postgraduate institution for the Russian Navy and is located in Saint Petersburg.
In ...
is located in St. Petersburg and is the Russian Navy's only senior service school. The students are lieutenants commander, commanders, and some captains, with ages from 30–35 years. All naval officers (including naval aviation) holding positions of Executive Officers, Commanding Officers, formation, fleet, or naval staff command positions are graduates of this academy. First established in 1827 as the Advance Officers' Class of the
Imperial Russian Navy
The Imperial Russian Navy () operated as the navy of the Russian Tsardom and later the Russian Empire from 1696 to 1917. Formally established in 1696, it lasted until dissolved in the wake of the February Revolution of 1917. It developed from a ...
and later the Nikolayev Naval Academy and reorganized as the Petrograd Maritime Academy in 1917, and at various times renamed as the WPRF Naval Academy, the Marshal of the Soviet Union Kliment Voroshilov Naval Academy and the Marshal of the Soviet Union Andrey Grechko Naval Academy, it gained its current name and title in 1990.
Military Academies of the Aerospace Forces
A.F. Mozhaysky Military-Space Academy
This is the academy responsible for the training of officers of the
Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
The Russian Aerospace Defence Forces (VVKO) ( rus, Войска воздушно-космической обороны (ВВКО), Voyska vozdushno-kosmicheskoy oborony (VVKO)) was a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation responsi ...
, the armed forces' youngest branch of service. It was most recently renamed the Military Space Engineering Academy in November 2002.
Zhukov Air and Space Defence Academy
The academy, formed in 1956, is named after
Soviet Marshal
Marshal of the Soviet Union (russian: Маршал Советского Союза, Marshal sovetskogo soyuza, ) was the highest military rank of the Soviet Union.
The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was created in 1935 and abolished in 19 ...
Georgy Zhukov
Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov ( rus, Георгий Константинович Жуков, p=ɡʲɪˈorɡʲɪj kənstɐnʲˈtʲinəvʲɪtɕ ˈʐukəf, a=Ru-Георгий_Константинович_Жуков.ogg; 1 December 1896 – ...
.
Zhukovsky – Gagarin Air Force Academy
The Gagarin Military Air Academy is located at
Monino
Monino (russian: Мо́нино) is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Shchyolkovsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located east of Moscow. Population:
History
Monino was founded in the Muninskaya Wasteland (russian: Мунинс ...
, northeast of Moscow, in an area closed to foreigners, nearby the Central Air Force Museum. Almost all the senior officers in the Soviet Air Force have attended this academy. It is charged with the preparation of "command cadres of various aviation specialties and is a research center for working out problems of operational art of the Air Force and tactics of branches and types of aviation."
Military Academies of the Strategic Rocket Forces
Peter the Great Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces
The Academy descended from Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy of
Imperial Russia
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended th ...
created in 1820 in St. Petersburg. The Dzerzhinsky Military Academy (russian: Военная академия им. Ф. Э. Дзержинского) was created in 1932 as
F.E. Dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy (Артиллерийская академия имени Ф. Э. Дзержинского) of the "Red Army from the "Artillery Department and the Powder and Explosives" section of the Military Technical Academy's chemistry department that was disbanded at the time.
Dzerzhinsky Academy was moved from Leningrad to Moscow in 1958, the year before the
Strategic Rocket Forces
The Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation or the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation (RVSN RF; russian: Ракетные войска стратегического назначения Российской Фед ...
were formed. Now named the Dzerzhinsky Missile Force Academy, its main facility was 'located at Kitayskiy Proyezd 9/5, within a block' of the
Rossiya Hotel
The Rossiya Hotel (russian: Гостиница «Россия») was a five-star international hotel in Moscow. It was the largest hotel in the world from 1967 to 1980. Until its closure in 2006, it remained the second largest hotel in Europe, ...
off
Red Square
Red Square ( rus, Красная площадь, Krasnaya ploshchad', ˈkrasnəjə ˈploɕːətʲ) is one of the oldest and largest squares in Moscow, the capital of Russia. Owing to its historical significance and the adjacent historical build ...
.
[Scott and Scott, The Armed Forces of the USSR, Westview Press, 1984, 373.] Other sources report that it was in the historical building of the
Moscow Orphanage
The Moscow Orphanage or Foundling Home (russian: Воспитательный дом в Москве) was an ambitious project conceived by Catherine the Great and Ivan Betskoy, in the early 1760s. This idealistic experiment of the Age of Enlight ...
. Officers in command positions in the Strategic Missile Troops would seek admission to this academy. Information about this academy was highly classified. Its two major faculties were "command" and "engineering." The Academy was renamed after Peter the Great in 1997, and its Commandant is now Colonel General (three star) Yuriy F. Kirillov.
[Scott and Scott, Russian Military Directory 2004, p.195]
Academies of other militarized agencies
Academies of the Federal Security Service
Federal Security Service Academy
Established on 25 December 1921 and relaunched on August 24, 1992, this training academy of the Russian Federal Security Service is mandated for the enhanced education of all FSS personnel in various fields of law enforcement. Since 2007, Colonel General Victor Ostroukhov is its commandant.
Academies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations
Civil Defense Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations
As part of the
Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, this academy conducts magistratura training programmes for the service of the country's civil defence capabilities and disaster response services.
See also
*
Military-focused secondary schools in Russia
Russian military-focused secondary schools are usual secondary schools conducting secondary general education programme (level 3 according International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). They provide their pupils with training in addit ...
* Warrant officer schools of the Russian Armed Forces
*
Military commissioning schools in Russia
The military commissioning schools are educational institutions conducting career commissioned officer training programmes. Education acquired at such schools is higher military education (level 6 according to International Standard Classificatio ...
*
Reserve Officer Training in Russia
Russian Reserve Officer Training system is intended for training commissioned officers from among students of Russian civilian institutions of higher education.
History
In Soviet era
Reserve Officer Training in Soviet Union was established in ...
*
Adjunctura in Russia
The adjunctura (russian: адъюнктура) is a military analogue of civilian graduate school in Russia, which allow commissioned officers to get academic degree of candidate of military sciences and be appointed to teaching and scientific po ...
*
Military education in the Soviet Union
There existed an evolved system of military education in the Soviet Union that covered a wide range of ages. The Soviet Armed Forces had many tri-service educational opportunities as well as educational institutions for the Soviet Army, Ground For ...
*
Academy of Foreign Intelligence
The Academy of Foreign Intelligence (alternatively known as the SVR Academy, previously known as the Yuri Andropov Red Banner Institute and the Red Banner Institute) is one of the primary espionage academies of Russia, and previously the Soviet ...
References
External links
List of Russian military educational institutionsMilitary Education list of military schools and academy at the official Ministry of Defence web site)
Moscow Defense Brief, 1/2006, January 2006 on current status Soviet Aviation Test Facilities* Scott, William F., and Harriet Fast Scott
''Air University Review'', November–December 1986, airpower.maxwell.af.mil
{{DEFAULTSORT:Soviet Military Academies
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