Miguel Méndez (June 15, 1930 – May 31, 2013) was the pen name for Miguel Méndez Morales, a

Mexican American Mexican Americans ( es, mexicano-estadounidenses, , or ) are Americans of full or partial Mexican heritage. In 2019, Mexican Americans comprised 11.3% of the US population and 61.5% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans. In 2019, 71% of Mexica ...

author best known for his

novel A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, typically written in prose and published as a book. The present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the for "new", "news", or "short story of something new", itsel ...

''Peregrinos de Aztlán'' (''Pilgrims in Aztlán''). He was a leading figure in the field of Chicano literature.

Biography

Early life

Méndez was born in the border town of Bisbee, Arizona, on 15 June 1930. His father, Francisco Méndez Cárdenas, was from a town called Bacoachi, in the state of Sonora, Mexico; his mother, María Morales Siqueiros, was from Arizpe, Sonora. During the nineteen thirties, the United States government urged Mexicans and Mexican-Americans to leave the United States and go to Mexico, even if they were American citizens, largely due to the

Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...

. As a result of this policy, Méndez' parents moved to El Claro, Sonora, where he grew up. Méndez attended elementary school in el Claro and Arizpe, but left school after the fifth grade in order to work in his father's small corn and cotton plot. Even though El Claro was a small, isolated town, his parents had boxes full of books and newspapers, and it was during those early years that he developed his love of literature.

Return to the U.S.

In 1944, Méndez moved to Tucson, Arizona. He has asserted that one of the reasons that pushed him to move to the U.S. was the desperation he felt when, in 1939, two of his younger sisters died of pneumonia. This was due in part to the isolation of El Claro, which had no hospital or clinic. Once in Tucson, despite his young age, Méndez found a job in construction. During those years, he continued to read, mostly at night. He used to buy books in a bookstore called "Librería Hermanos Pulido" that carried books and magazines in Spanish.

Life as a writer and professor

In the 1960s, Méndez was still working in construction, but had not stopped reading. By this time he had started to write more seriously. "Tata Casehua", his first short story, appeared in 1968. Throughout the years, Méndez had developed a relationship with teachers and professors at the University of Arizona and Pima Community College. In 1970, he was subjected to an examination by a group of university professors, and was awarded a teaching position in Pima Community College. In 1974, he started teaching at the University of Arizona, and was awarded a Doctor of Humane Letters degree in 1984. His most famous novel, ''Peregrinos de Azltán'', was published in 1974. In 2000 he retired as a Full Professor. He was an Emeritus Professor at the University of Arizona until his death in 2013. A Festschrift in his honor was published in 1995, ''Miguel Mendez in Aztlan: Two Decades of Literary Production.'' Méndez has been described as “one of the principal voices of socially committed Chicano fiction” by the editors of ''Chicano Literature: A Reference Guide'' and as "one of '' hicano literature's' finest and most sensitive writers" in ''The Dictionary of Literary Biography’s Chicano Writers First Series.'' His papers are now archived at the California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives at UC Santa Barbara. Mendez died on May 31, 2013, at his Tucson home.

''Pilgrims in Aztlán''

This novel is set in 1960s-era Tijuana and reflects both the time of the Vietnam War and the space of the Mexico–United States border. The central character of Loreto Maldonado, an old man reduced to washing cars in his final days, also allows Méndez to flashback to the

Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...

. Méndez introduces characters from a variety of backgrounds in order to illustrate the multiple cultures that exist on the border—not just Chicano, but Mexican, Yaqui and US as well. Méndez does not provide a straightforward plot for the novel, but uses the encounters between characters to reveal their histories and thus to trace out the history and culture of the border region.

Published works

"Tata Casehua"
and "Taller de Imagenes" ( short stories), published in ''El Espejo/The Mirror'' (1969) * ''Los criaderos humanos: épica de los desamparados y Sahuaros'' (poems; 1975) * ''Cuento para niños precoces'' (1980) * ''The Dream of Santa Maria de las Piedras'' (1989) * ''Pilgrims in Aztlán'' (1992) * ''Entre Letras y Ladrillos'' (1996), trans. as ''From Labor to Letters : A Novel Autobiography'' (1997)

Awards

José Fuentes Mares National Prize for Literature José Fuentes Mares National Prize for Literature (Spanish: Premio Nacional de Literatura José Fuentes Mares or simply Premio José Fuentes Mares) is a Mexican literary award that has been presented annually since 1985 by the Universidad Autónoma ...

(1991)

References

* Alarcón, Justo S. "Lo esperpéntico en ''Peregrinos de Aztlán'' y ''Criaderos humanos'', de Miguel Méndez," ''Relaciones Literarias entre España e Iberoamérica'' (1988), pp. 785–795. available online a
Biblioteca Virtual Miguel D. Cervantes
(accessed March 2008) * –––. "Estructuras narrativas en ''Tata Casehua'' de Miguel Méndez," ''Confluencia'' Vol. 1, n.º 2 (1986) 48–54, available online a

(accessed March 2008) * –––."La aventura del héroe como estructura mítica en ''Tata Casehua'' de Miguel Méndez," ''Explicación de textos literarios'' Vol. XV, n.º 2 (1987) 77–91. available online a

(accessed March 2008) * Alurista. "Myth, Identity and Struggle in Three Chicano Novels: Aztlán ... Anaya, Méndez and

Acosta Acosta is a Spanish and Portuguese surname. Originally it was used to refer to a person who lived by the seashore or was from the mountains (''encostas''). It comes from the Portuguese da Costa (cognate of English "coast", literally translates as ...

." ''Aztlán: Essays on the Chicano Homeland.'' Ed. Rudolfo A. Anaya, and Francisco A. Lomeli. Albuquerque: Academia/El Norte; 1989. pp. 219–229 * Bruce-Novoa, Juan D. "Righting the Oral Tradition." ''Denver Quarterly'' 16.3 (1981): 78–86. * Cárdenas, Guadalupe. "El arquetipo de la madre terrible en ''Peregrinos de Aztlán'' de Miguel Méndez M." México, Alta Pimeria Pro Arte y Cultura, 1990. available online a
Biblioteca Virtual Miguel D. Cervantes
(accessed March 2008) * Ekstrom, Margaret V. "Wanderers from an Aztec Land: Chicano Naming Devices Used by Miguel Méndez." ''Literary Onomastics Studies'' 12 (1985): 85–92. * Somoza, Oscar U. "The Mexican Element in the Fiction of Miguel Méndez." ''Denver Quarterly'' 17.1 (1982): 68–77. * Villalobos, José Pablo. "Border Real, Border Metaphor: Altering Boundaries in Miguel Méndez and

Alejandro Morales Alejandro Morales is an Emeritus Professor of Chicano and Latino Studies at the University of California, Irvine, and an award-winning Mexican-American writer of fiction and poetry. He has published seven ground-breaking novels, three novellas, ...

." ''Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies'' 4 (2000): 131–140.

External links

Guide to the Miguel Mendez Papers
at the California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives (accessed March 2008)
Answers.com Bio
(accessed March 2008) {{DEFAULTSORT:Mendez, Miguel 1930 births 2013 deaths People from Bisbee, Arizona American writers of Mexican descent University of Arizona faculty 20th-century American novelists American male novelists Hispanic and Latino American novelists Hispanic and Latino American autobiographers American autobiographers 20th-century American male writers Novelists from Arizona 20th-century American non-fiction writers American male non-fiction writers American Spanish-language writers