''Micromonospora'' is a genus of bacteria of the family Micromonosporaceae. They are gram-positive,

spore In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ...

-forming, generally aerobic, and form a branched mycelium; they occur as saprotrophic forms in soil and water. Various species are sources of aminoglycoside antibiotics with spellings that end with ''-micin'', such as

gentamicin Gentamicin is an antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections. This may include bone infections, endocarditis, pelvic inflammatory disease, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis among others. It is not e ...

, mutamicin,

netilmicin Netilmicin (1-N-ethylsisomicin) is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, and a derivative of sisomicin, produced by '' Micromonospora inyoensis''. Aminoglycoside antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria. Netilmicin is ...

, retymicin,

sisomicin Sisomicin (bactoCeaze, ensamycin, and initially antibiotic 6640 and rickamicin), is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, isolated from the fermentation broth of '' Micromonospora inositola''. It is a newer broad-spectrum aminoglycoside most structurally ...

verdamicin Verdamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by ''Micromonospora grisea ''Micromonospora'' is a genus of bacteria of the family Micromonosporaceae. They are gram-positive, spore-forming, generally aerobic, and form a branched myce ...

calicheamicin The calicheamicins are a class of enediyne antitumor antibiotics derived from the bacterium ''Micromonospora echinospora'', with calicheamicin γ1 being the most notable. It was isolated originally in the mid-1980s from the chalky soil, or "calich ...

, and the recently found '' turbinmicin''.Fan Zhang ''et al.''
A marine microbiome antifungal targets urgent-threat drug-resistant fungi
In: Science Vol. 370, Issue 6519, 20 Nov 2020, pp. 974-978. doi:10.1126/science.abd6919. See also: * Donna Lu
Potent new antifungal discovered in the microbiome of marine animals
On: NewScientist, 19 November 2020 Potent new antifungal discovered in the microbiome of marine animals, unlike most other aminoglycoside names that end with ''-mycin'' (e.g. neo''mycin'' and strepto''mycin'' and are produced by ''Streptomyces'' spp.).

Species

''Micromonospora'' comprises the following species: * '' M. acroterricola'' Carro et al. 2019 * '' M. andamanensis'' (Supong et al. 2013) Nouioui et al. 2018 * '' M. arida'' Carro et al. 2019 * '' M. aurantiaca'' Sveshnikova et al. 1969 (Approved Lists 1980) * '' M. auratinigra'' corrig. Thawai et al. 2004 * '' M. avicenniae'' Li et al. 2013 * '' M. azadirachtae'' Kuncharoen et al. 2019 * '' M. caldifontis'' Thawai et al. 2019 * '' M. carbonacea'' Luedemann and Brodsky 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) * "'' M. cellulolyticum''" Lin et al. 1994 * '' M. chaiyaphumensis'' Jongrungruangchok et al. 2008 * '' M. chalcea'' (Foulerton 1905) Ørskov 1923 (Approved Lists 1980) * '' M. chersina'' Tomita et al. 1992 * '' M. chokoriensis'' Ara and Kudo 2007 * '' M. citrea'' Kroppenstedt et al. 2005 * '' M. coerulea'' Jensen 1932 (Approved Lists 1980) * '' M. coriariae'' Trujillo et al. 2006 * '' M. costi'' Thawai 2015 * '' M. coxensis'' Ara and Kudo 2007 * '' M. craniellae'' Li et al. 2019 * '' M. craterilacus'' Ay et al. 2020 * '' M. cremea'' Carro et al. 2012 * '' M. deserti'' Saygin et al. 2020 * '' M. eburnea'' Thawai et al. 2005 * '' M. echinaurantiaca'' Kroppenstedt et al. 2005 * '' M. echinofusca'' Kroppenstedt et al. 2005 * '' M. echinospora'' Luedemann and Brodsky 1964 (Approved Lists 1980) * '' M. endolithica'' Hirsch et al. 2004 * "''M. endophytica''" Thanaboripat et al. 2015 * '' M. endophytica'' (Xie et al. 2011) Li et al. 2019 * '' M. equina'' Everest and Meyers 2013 * '' M. ferruginea'' Back et al. 2021 * '' M. fiedleri'' (Goodfellow et al. 2013) Nouioui et al. 2018 * '' M. fluminis'' Camacho Pozo et al. 2020 * '' M. fluostatini'' Phongsopitanun et al. 2015 * '' M. fulva'' Lee and Whang 2017 * '' M. fulviviridis'' Kroppenstedt et al. 2005 * '' M. gallica'' (Erikson 1935) Waksman 1961 (Approved Lists 1980) * '' M. gifhornensis'' (Rheims et al. 1998) Nouioui et al. 2018 * '' M. globbae'' Kuncharoen et al. 2018 * '' M. globispora'' Carro et al. 2019 * '' M. haikouensis'' corrig. Xie et al. 2012 * '' M. halophytica'' Weinstein et al. 1968 (Approved Lists 1980) * '' M. halotolerans'' Carro et al. 2013 * '' M. harpali'' Fang et al. 2015 * '' M. humi'' Songsumanus et al. 2011 * '' M. humida'' Ra et al. 2021 * '' M. inaquosa'' Carro et al. 2019 * '' M. inositola'' Kawamoto et al. 1974 (Approved Lists 1980) * '' M. inyonensis'' Kroppenstedt et al. 2005 * "'' M. jinlongensis''" Gao et al. 2014 * '' M. kangleipakensis'' Nimaichand et al. 2013 * '' M. krabiensis'' Jongrungruangchok et al. 2008 * '' M. lupini'' Trujillo et al. 2007 * '' M. lutea'' (Liao et al. 2009) Nouioui et al. 2018 * '' M. luteifusca'' Carro et al. 2017 * '' M. luteiviridis'' Carro et al. 2018 * "'' M. lycii''" Zhao et al. 2016 * '' M. mangrovi'' Xie et al. 2016 * "'' M. maoerensis''" Li et al. 2014 * '' M. marina'' Tanasupawat et al. 2010 * '' M. maris'' (Goodfellow et al. 2012) Nouioui et al. 2018 * '' M. maritima'' Songsumanus et al. 2013 * '' M. matsumotoense'' (Asano et al. 1989) Lee et al. 2000 * '' M. mirobrigensis'' Trujillo et al. 2005 * "'' M. miyakonensis''" Kawamura et al. 1981 * '' M. musae'' Kuncharoen et al. 2021 * '' M. narathiwatensis'' Thawai et al. 2008 * "'' M. neihuensis''" Wu et al. 1988 * '' M. nickelidurans'' Lin et al. 2015 * '' M. nigra'' (Weinstein et al. 1968) Kasai et al. 2000 * '' M. noduli'' Carro et al. 2016 * '' M. olivasterospora'' Kawamoto et al. 1983 * '' M. orduensis'' Veyisoglu et al. 2020 * '' M. oryzae'' Kittiwongwattana et al. 2015 * '' M. ovatispora'' Li and Hong 2016 * '' M. pallida'' (Luedemann and Brodsky 1964) Kasai et al. 2000 * '' M. palomenae'' Fang et al. 2015 * '' M. parathelypteridis'' Zhao et al. 2017 * '' M. pattaloongensis'' Thawai et al. 2008 * '' M. pelagivivens'' Intra et al. 2020 * '' M. peucetia'' Kroppenstedt et al. 2005 * '' M. phaseoli'' (Wang et al. 2013) Nouioui et al. 2018 * '' M. phytophila'' Carro et al. 2018 * '' M. pisi'' Garcia et al. 2010 * '' M. polyrhachis'' Xiang et al. 2014 * '' M. profundi'' Veyisoglu et al. 2016 * "'' M. provocatoris''" Abdel-Mageed et al. 2021 * '' M. purpureochromogenes'' (Waksman and Curtis 1916) Luedemann 1971 (Approved Lists 1980) * '' M. qiuiae'' (Xi et al. 2012) Nouioui et al. 2018 * '' M. radicis'' Kuncharoen et al. 2019 * '' M. rhizosphaerae'' Wang et al. 2011 * '' M. rifamycinica'' Huang et al. 2008 * '' M. rosaria'' (ex Wagman et al. 1972) Horan and Brodsky 1986 * "'' M. rosea''" Gado et al. 1985 * "'' M. rubida''" Sun et al. 2021 * '' M. saelicesensis'' Trujillo et al. 2007 * '' M. sagamiensis'' Kroppenstedt et al. 2005 * '' M. schwarzwaldensis'' Vela Gurovic et al. 2013 * '' M. sediminicola'' Supong et al. 2013 * '' M. sediminimaris'' Nouioui et al. 2018 * '' M. sediminis'' Phongsopitanun et al. 2016 * '' M. siamensis'' Thawai et al. 2006 * '' M. soli'' Thawai et al. 2016 * '' M. sonneratiae'' Li et al. 2013 * "'' M. spongicola''" Supong et al. 2013 * '' M. tarapacensis'' Villalobos et al. 2021 * '' M. taraxaci'' Zhao et al. 2015 * '' M. terminaliae'' Kaewkla et al. 2017 * '' M. trujilloniae'' Nouioui et al. 2018 * '' M. tulbaghiae'' Kirby and Meyers 2010 * '' M. ureilytica'' Carro et al. 2016 * '' M. veneta'' Kaewkla et al. 2022 * "'' M. verruculosa''" Tani et al. 1982 * '' M. vinacea'' Carro et al. 2016 * '' M. violae'' Zhang et al. 2014 * '' M. viridifaciens'' Kroppenstedt et al. 2005 * '' M. vulcania'' Jia et al. 2016 * '' M. wenchangensis'' Ren et al. 2013 * '' M. yangpuensis'' Zhang et al. 2012 * '' M. yasonensis'' Veyisoglu et al. 2017 * '' M. zamorensis'' Carro et al. 2012 * "'' M. zeae''" Shen et al. 2014 * "'' M. zhangzhouensis''" Fu et al. 2020 * '' M. zhanjiangensis'' Zhang et al. 2015 * '' M. zingiberis'' (Thawai et al. 2018) Kuncharoen et al. 2019

References

Micromonosporaceae Bacteria genera {{actinobacteria-stub