Michelle Stuart (born 1933) is an American multidisciplinary artist known for her sculpture, painting and

environmental art Environmental art is a range of artistic practices encompassing both historical approaches to nature in art and more recent ecological and politically motivated types of works. Environmental art has evolved away from formal concerns, for example ...

. She is based in

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

Early life

Stuart was born in 1933 and she grew up in Los Angeles, California. After attending

Chouinard Art Institute The Chouinard Art Institute was a professional art school founded in 1921 by Nelbert Murphy Chouinard (1879–1969) in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. In 1961, Walt and Roy Disney guided the merger of the Chouinard Art In ...

(now the

California Institute of the Arts The California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) is a private art university in Santa Clarita, California. It was incorporated in 1961 as the first degree-granting institution of higher learning in the US created specifically for students of both ...

), Stuart worked as a topological draftsperson. She worked in Mexico about 1951 as a studio assistant to

Diego Rivera Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez, known as Diego Rivera (; December 8, 1886 – November 24, 1957), was a prominent Mexican painter. His large frescoes helped establish the ...

. She married

Catalan Catalan may refer to: Catalonia From, or related to Catalonia: * Catalan language, a Romance language * Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia Places * 13178 Catalan, asteroid #1 ...

artist José Bartoli in 1953. She lived for 3 year in Paris, then moved to New York, where she has resided since 1957.

Work

In the early phase of her career, Stuart drew inspiration from recently released photographs of the surface of the moon and saw parallels between her early rubbings and these lunar landscapes. This body of luminous monochromatic drawings brought

land art Land art, variously known as Earth art, environmental art, and Earthworks, is an art movement that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, largely associated with Great Britain and the United StatesArt in the modern era: A guide to styles, schools, & mov ...

into the gallery. During this time, Stuart investigated other means of addressing specific sites through her landworks or, as she terms them, "drawings in the landscape". In ''Niagara Gorge Path Relocated'' (1975), the artist situated a 460-foot scroll of paper cascading down a large bank of the

Niagara River The Niagara River () is a river that flows north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. It forms part of the border between the province of Ontario in Canada (on the west) and the state of New York (state), New York in the United States (on the east) ...

Gorge at Art Park. Throughout her career her art has figured in reviews of the work of women artists. In the 1980s, Stuart shifted her focus. She embarked on a series of gridded paintings that introduced beeswax, seashells, blossoms, leaves and sand embedded in an encaustic surface. Stuart also created complex

multi-media Multimedia is a form of communication that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations, or video into a single interactive presentation, in contrast to tradition ...

installations involving light and sound elements. Her series titled ''Extinct'' (1993) was inspired by a Victorian-era album of leaves. For one work in the series, she revisited the grid formation, but this time placed a variety of dried plants within each compartment. During this time, Stuart also created the ''Seed Calendar'' drawings, which employ the grid to map the maturation stages of a seed. Throughout her career, Stuart has also sought to manifest her love of literature and the

writing process A writing process describes a sequence of physical and mental actions that people take as they produce any kind of text. These actions nearly universally involve tools for physical or digital inscription: e.g., chisels, pencils, brushes, chalk, di ...

through a variety of strategies. In the early 70s, she began to create the Rock Book series, artworks that in their use of

natural material A natural material is any product or physical matter stop changing it. Minerals and the metals that can be extracted from them (without further modification) are also considered to belong into this category. Natural materials are used as building ma ...

s from specific sites might be considered alternative travel logs. These works take the form of tattered, bound journals made of earth rubbings. For example, in ''Homage to the Owl from Four Corners'' (1985), earth, owl feathers, string and beeswax are brought together to form a book. Stuart has published artists' books, including ''The Fall'' (1976), a book-length

prose poem Prose poetry is poetry written in prose form instead of verse form, while preserving poetic qualities such as heightened imagery, parataxis, and emotional effects. Characteristics Prose poetry is written as prose, without the line breaks associat ...

about keeping historical records and ''Butterflies and Moths'' (2006). Stuart currently lives and works in New York City and

Amagansett Amagansett is a census-designated place that roughly corresponds to the Hamlet (New York), hamlet by the same name in the Administrative divisions of New York#Town, Town of East Hampton (town), New York, East Hampton in Suffolk County, New York ...

, Long Island.

Exhibitions

Michelle Stuart has exhibited in Europe, Asia and the United States for more than thirty years. Selected exhibitions include:

the Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of the ...

, New York; the

Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA) is a contemporary art museum with two locations in greater Los Angeles, California. The main branch is located on Grand Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles, near the Walt Disney Concert Hall. MOCA's o ...

; the

Hirshhorn Museum The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden is an art museum beside the National Mall, in Washington, D.C., the United States. The museum was initially endowed during the 1960s with the permanent art collection of Joseph H. Hirshhorn. It was des ...

and

Sculpture Garden A sculpture garden or sculpture park is an outdoor garden or park which includes the presentation of sculpture, usually several permanently sited works in durable materials in landscaped surroundings. A sculpture garden may be private, owned by a ...

, Washington, D.C.; the

San Francisco Museum of Modern Art The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) is a modern and contemporary art museum located in San Francisco, California. A nonprofit organization, SFMOMA holds an internationally recognized collection of modern and contemporary art, and was ...

; the

Wadsworth Atheneum The Wadsworth Atheneum is an art museum in Hartford, Connecticut. The Wadsworth is noted for its collections of European Baroque art, ancient Egyptian and Classical bronzes, French and American Impressionist paintings, Hudson River School lands ...

, Hartford; the Art Museum of the Ateneum,

Helsinki, Finland Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the capital, primate, and most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland, and has a population of . The city' ...

; the Musée d’Arts de

Toulon, France Toulon (, , ; oc, label= Provençal, Tolon , , ) is a city on the French Riviera and a large port on the Mediterranean coast, with a major naval base. Located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, and the Provence province, Toulon is the ...

; the American Academy of Arts & Letters; Kunsthalle,

Hamburg, Germany (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...

; and the National Museum of Modern Art,

Kyoto, Japan Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the city ...

. She has had one-person exhibits at the

Walker Art Center The Walker Art Center is a multidisciplinary contemporary art center in the Lowry Hill neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The Walker is one of the most-visited modern and contemporary art museums in the United States and, t ...

, Minneapolis;

Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the ...

, Cambridge, MA; The

Rose Art Museum The Rose Art Museum, founded in 1961, is a part of Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, US. Named after benefactors Edward and Bertha Rose, it offers temporary exhibitions, and it displays and houses works of art from the permanent col ...

, Waltham, MA; the

Gemeentemuseum Den Haag The Kunstmuseum Den Haag is an art museum in The Hague in the Netherlands, founded in 1866 as the Museum voor Moderne Kunst. Later, until 1998, it was known as Haags Gemeentemuseum, and until the end of September 2019 as Gemeentemuseum Den Haag. I ...

, Netherlands; the

Institute of Contemporary Arts The Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) is an artistic and cultural centre on The Mall in London, just off Trafalgar Square. Located within Nash House, part of Carlton House Terrace, near the Duke of York Steps and Admiralty Arch, the ICA c ...

, London;

Williams College Museum of Art The Williams College Museum of Art (WCMA) is a college-affiliated art museum in Williamstown, Massachusetts. It is located on the campus of Williams College, and is close to the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art (MASS MoCA) and the Clark Ar ...

, Williamstown, MA; Centre d’Arts Plastique Contemporaines de Bourdeaux, France;

The Arts Club The Arts Club is a London private members' club founded in 1863 by, among others, Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope, and Lord Leighton in Dover Street, Mayfair. It remains a meeting place for men and women involved in the creative arts either ...

of Chicago;

Everson Museum of Art Everson may refer to: People with the surname * Ben Everson (born 1987), English footballer * Bill Everson (1906–1966), Welsh international rugby union player * Cliff Everson, a New Zealand car designer and manufacturer * Corinna Everson (born ...

Syracuse, NY Syracuse ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, United States. It is the fifth-most populous city in the state of New York following New York City, Buffalo, Yonkers, and Rochester. At the 2020 census, the city's p ...

; Galerie Ueda and Ueda Warehouse

Tokyo, Japan Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of cities in Japan, largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, ...

and individual galleries in both the United States and Europe. In 2013, Stuart was the subject of a retrospective that focused on her drawing. It was organized by the Djanogly Art Gallery, University of Nottingham, UK, and travelled to the Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA and the Parrish Art Museum, Watermill, NY. In 2008 Stuart was part of a group exhibition called "''Decoys, Complexes and Triggers: Feminism and Land Art in the 1970s,''" at the

SculptureCenter SculptureCenter is a not-for-profit, contemporary art museum located in Long Island City, Queens, New York City. It was founded in 1928 as "The Clay Club" by Dorothea Denslow. In 2013, SculptureCentre attracted around 13,000 visitors. History Fou ...

in Long Island City, New York other artists in this exhibit included Alice Adams,

Alice Aycock Alice Aycock (born November 20, 1946) is an American sculptor and installation artist. She was an early artist in the land art movement in the 1970s, and has created many large-scale metal sculptures around the world. Aycock's drawings and sculp ...

Lynda Benglis Lynda Benglis (born October 25, 1941) is an American sculptor and visual artist known especially for her wax paintings and poured latex sculptures. She maintains residences in New York City, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Kastellorizo, Greece, and Ahmedaba ...

Agnes Denes Agnes Denes (Dénes Ágnes; born 1931 in Budapest) is a Hungarian-born American conceptual artist based in New York. She is known for works in a wide range of media—from poetry and philosophical writings to extremely detailed drawings, sculpt ...

Jackie Ferrara Jackie Ferrara (born Jacqueline Hirschhorn on November 17, 1929, in Detroit, Michigan) is an American sculptor and draughtswoman best known for her pyramidal stacked structures. Her work is in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art, the Los A ...

, Suzanne Harris,

Nancy Holt Nancy Holt (April 5, 1938 – February 8, 2014) was an American artist most known for her public sculpture, installation art, concrete poetry, and land art. Throughout her career, Holt also produced works in other media, including film and photog ...

Mary Miss Mary Miss (born May 27, 1944) is an American artist and designer. Her work has crossed boundaries between architecture, landscape architecture, engineering and urban design. Her installations are collaborative in nature: she has worked with scien ...

, and

Jackie Winsor Vera Jacqueline Winsor (born October 20, 1941) is a Canadian-born American sculptor. Her style, which developed in the early 1970s as a reaction to the work of minimal artists, has been characterized as post-minimal, anti-form, and process art ...

. Stuart's works were featured in Documenta VI, Kassel, Germany and in the American Biennial Pavilions in

Seoul, Korea Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of ...

, and

Cairo, Egypt Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...

. Among her commissions are the grand lobby installation: ''Paradisi: A Garden Mural'', at the

Brooklyn Museum The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. At , the museum is New York City's second largest and contains an art collection with around 1.5 million objects. Located near the Prospect Heights, Crown H ...

. Site sculptures include ''Starmarker'' and ''Star Chart: Constellations'', in Wanas Sculpture Garden, Knislinge, Sweden; ''Garden of Four Seasons'', Scheide Music Center,

Wooster, Ohio Wooster ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Wayne County. Located in northeastern Ohio, the city lies approximately south-southwest of Cleveland, southwest of Akron and west of Canton. The population was 27,232 at t ...

; ''Garden of Four Seasons'', a bronze/marble sculpture relief in Tochige, Japan and Tabula, a thirty-four-part marble relief at the New Stuyvesant High School in Battery Park, New York City, for which she won a New York City Art Commission Award for Design.

Notable works in public collections

*''Seeded Site'' (1969-1970),

Tate Tate is an institution that houses, in a network of four art galleries, the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art. It is not a government institution, but its main sponsor is the U ...

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

*''Zena (Vertical), NY'' (1972),

Art Institute of Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago's Grant Park, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the world. Recognized for its curatorial efforts and popularity among visitors, the museum hosts approximately 1.5 mill ...

*''#7 Echo'' (1973),

Menil Collection The Menil Collection, located in Houston, Texas, refers either to a museum that houses the art collection of founders John de Menil and Dominique de Menil, or to the collection itself of approximately 17,000 paintings, sculptures, prints, drawing ...

Houston Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 in ...

*''#38 Moray Hill'' (1973), Menil Collection, Houston *''#1 Woodstock, NY'' (1973), Tate, London *''#4 Woodstock'' (1973),

Allen Memorial Art Museum The Allen Memorial Art Museum (AMAM) is an art museum located in Oberlin, Ohio, and it is run by Oberlin College. Founded in 1917, the collection contains over 15,000 works of art. Overview The AMAM is primarily a teaching museum and is aimed at ...

Oberlin, Ohio Oberlin is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States, 31 miles southwest of Cleveland. Oberlin is the home of Oberlin College, a liberal arts college and music conservatory with approximately 3,000 students. The town is the birthplace of the ...

*''#28 Moray Hill'' (1974),

Whitney Museum The Whitney Museum of American Art, known informally as "The Whitney", is an art museum in the Meatpacking District, Manhattan, Meatpacking District and West Village neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded in 1930 by Gertrude ...

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

*''Turtle Pond'' (1974),

Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago The Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA) Chicago is a contemporary art museum near Water Tower Place in downtown Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The museum, which was established in 1967, is one of the world's largest contemporary ...

*''Turtle Pond Site Drawing #36'' (1974), Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago *''Notes: Sayreville, N.J.'' (1975),

National Gallery of Australia The National Gallery of Australia (NGA), formerly the Australian National Gallery, is the national art museum of Australia as well as one of the largest art museums in Australia, holding more than 166,000 works of art. Located in Canberra in th ...

Canberra Canberra ( ) is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The ci ...

*''Spiral Notebook'' (1975),

*''Suite Tsikomo'' (1975),

National Gallery of Art The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of char ...

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

; and

Philadelphia Museum of Art The Philadelphia Museum of Art (PMoA) is an art museum originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The main museum building was completed in 1928 on Fairmount, a hill located at the northwest end of the Benjamin Fr ...

*''Breezy Point, New York'' (1976), National Gallery of Australia, Canberra *''Fossil Series: Barnegat Bay I'' (1976), Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, Ohio *''Sayreville, N.J., Claypits, No. 49'' (1976),

Detroit Institute of Arts The Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA), located in Midtown Detroit, Michigan, has one of the list of largest art museums, largest and most significant art collections in the United States. With over 100 galleries, it covers with a major renovation a ...

*''Sayreville Quarry II'' (1976), Detroit Institute of Arts *''Hermosa Strata, Colorado'' (1977), Whitney Museum, New York *''Ledger Series: Stone Barrow, South Group, Pecos, New Mexico'' (1977), Art Institute of Chicago *''Mesa Verde, Colorado'' (1977), Art Institute of Chicago *''Passages: Mesa Verde'' (1977-1979),

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden is an art museum beside the National Mall, in Washington, D.C., the United States. The museum was initially endowed during the 1960s with the permanent art collection of Joseph H. Hirshhorn. It was des ...

Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums and education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge". Founded ...

, Washington, D.C. *''The Dalles Book (for chief Joseph)'' (1979),

Moderna Museet Moderna Museet ("the Museum of Modern Art"), Stockholm, Sweden, is a state museum for modern and contemporary art located on the island of Skeppsholmen in central Stockholm, opened in 1958. In 2009, the museum opened a new branch in Malmö in t ...

Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...

*''Zacaba'' (1979), San Francisco Museum of Modern Art *''El Florido Tunil (Stones Precious of El Florido)'' (1980), Philadelphia Museum of Art *''Islas Encantadas Series: Materia Prima I'' (1981),

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of ...

, New York *''Nazca Lines Star Chart and Nazca Lines Southern Hemisphere Constellation Chart Correlation'' (1981-1982), Museum of Modern Art, New York *''Makan Series: Bin Yusuf'' (1982),

Buffalo AKG Art Museum The Buffalo AKG Art Museum, formerly known as the Albright–Knox Art Gallery, is an art museum at 1285 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, New York, in Delaware Park-Front Park System, Delaware Park. the museum's Elmwood Avenue campus is temporarily clos ...

Buffalo, New York Buffalo is the second-largest city in the U.S. state of New York (behind only New York City) and the seat of Erie County. It is at the eastern end of Lake Erie, at the head of the Niagara River, and is across the Canadian border from South ...

*''The Navigator'' (1984),

, New York *''Cape Sebastian'' (1988),

*''Town Creek Mound'' (1987-1989), San Francisco Museum of Modern Art *''Roman Seed Calendar V'' (1995), Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles *''Roman Berry'' (1996-1997), Art Institute of Chicago *''Ring of Fire'' (2008-2010),

Musée National d'Art Moderne The Musée National d'Art Moderne (; "National Museum of Modern Art") is the national museum for modern art of France. It is located in Paris and is housed in the Centre Pompidou in the 4th arrondissement of the city. In 2021 it ranked 10th in ...

Centre Pompidou The Centre Pompidou (), more fully the Centre national d'art et de culture Georges-Pompidou ( en, National Georges Pompidou Centre of Art and Culture), also known as the Pompidou Centre in English, is a complex building in the Beaubourg area of ...

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

*''These Fragments Against Time'' (2018), San Francisco Museum of Modern Art

Awards

Stuart is a recipient of the CAPS Grant, New York State (1974); the Macdowell Colony Fellowship, Peterborough, New Hampshire (1974); National Endowment for the Arts Grant for Individual Artists (1974-1977; 1980), Tamarind Institute grant (1974); New York Creative Artists Public Service grant in painting (1974); Guggenheim fellowship (1975); Finnish Art Association Fellowship, Helsinki (1985); Artists' Fellowship, New York Foundation for the Arts (1987); New York City Art Commission Award, for excellence in design (1990); Purchase award, American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters (1992); and the

Anonymous Was A Woman award The Anonymous Was A Woman Award is a grant program for women artists who are over 40 years of age, in part to counter sexism in the art world. It began in 1996 in direct response to the National Endowment for the Arts' decision to stop funding in ...

, from Philanthropy Advisors, LLC (2017).

Gallery

File:STUART Niagara River Gorge Path Relocated.jpg, Niagara River Gorge Path Relocated / Art Park,

Lewiston, NY Lewiston is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 15,944 at the 2020 census. The town and its contained village are named after Morgan Lewis, a governor of New York. The Town of Lewiston is on the western borde ...

,1975. 420' x 62" rock indentations, red Queenston, shale from the site, muslin mounted rag paper. File:STUART1976.Sayreville Quarry Quartet.jpg, Sayreville Quarry Quartet / Sayreville, N.J.,1976. 144"x280" Earth from quarry on muslin rag paper. File:STUART1979Solstice Cairns.jpg, Solstice Cairns /

Columbia River Gorge The Columbia River Gorge is a canyon of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Up to deep, the canyon stretches for over as the river winds westward through the Cascade Range, forming the boundary between the sta ...

,1979. Overall 1,000 x 800 feet approx. 3,200 boulders.

Bibliography

*Alloway, Lawrence. "Michelle Stuart: a Fabric of Significations" ''Artforum'', v10, January 1974. pp64–65. *———''Michelle Stuart: An Illustrated Essay''. New York:

State University of New York at Oneonta The State University of New York College at Oneonta, also known as SUNY Oneonta, is a public college in Oneonta, New York. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. History SUNY Oneonta was established in 1889 as the Oneon ...

, 1975. *———"A Book Review" '' Art-Rite magazine'', #14, Winter, 1977. *———''Michelle Stuart: Voyages''. Hillwood Art Gallery, LIU, NY 1985. *Beal, Graham W. J. ''Michelle Stuart: Place and Time.'' Minneapolis: Walker Art Center, 1983. *———''Second Sight Biennial IV''. San Francisco: Museum of Modern Art, 1986. *Casey, Edward S. ''Earth Mapping: Artists Reshaping Landscape.'' Minneapolis:

University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota, formally the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, (UMN Twin Cities, the U of M, or Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Tw ...

Press, 2005. *Cullen, Deborah. "Strategies of Narration, Fifth International Cairo Biennale" in ''Arts in America'', USIA, 1994. *Foreman, Richard. ''Natural Histories''. Santa Fe: Bellas Artes, 1996. *Gregg, Gail. "Natural Selection Studio". ''ARTnews,'' March 1999. pp. 98–99. *Hobbs, Robert. "Michelle Stuart:

Atavism In biology, an atavism is a modification of a biological structure whereby an ancestral genetic trait reappears after having been lost through evolutionary change in previous generations. Atavisms can occur in several ways; one of which is when ...

, Geomythology and Zen". ''Womanart'', vol. 1, no.4 Spring-Summer 1977. *———''Michelle Stuart,'' Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1977. *Lippard, Lucy R. ''From the Center'', New York:

E. P. Dutton E. P. Dutton was an American Publishing, book publishing company. It was founded as a book retailer in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1852 by Edward Payson Dutton. Since 1986, it has been an imprint of Penguin Group. Creator Edward Payson Dutton ( ...

, 1976. *———"Art Outdoors: In and Out of the Public Domain". ''Studio International'', vol. 193, no. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1977. *———"A New Landscape Art", ''MS Magazine'', Apr. 1977. *———"Quite Contrary: Body, Nature, and Ritual in Women's Art", ''Chrysalis'', #2, Los Angeles, CA, 1977. *———"Surprises: An Anthological Introduction to Some Women Artists’ Books", ''Chrysalis'', No.5, Los Angeles, CA, 1977. *———''Strata: Nancy Graves, Eva Hesse, Michelle Stuart, Jackie Winsor.'' Vancouver:

Vancouver Art Gallery The Vancouver Art Gallery (VAG) is an art museum in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The museum occupies a adjacent to Robson Square in downtown Vancouver, making it the largest art museum in Western Canada by building size. Designed by Franc ...

, 1977. *———''Michelle Stuart: From the Silent Garden,'' (Introduction) Williamstown, MA:

Williams College Williams College is a Private college, private liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Williamstown, Massachusetts. It was established as a men's college in 1793 with funds from the estate of Ephraim Williams, a col ...

, 1979. * Lovelace, Carey. "Michelle Stuart’s Silent Gardens" ''Arts Magazine'', September 1988. pp77–79. *Munro, Eleanor. ''Originals: American Women Artists''. New York:

Simon and Schuster Simon & Schuster () is an American publishing company and a subsidiary of Paramount Global. It was founded in New York City on January 2, 1924 by Richard L. Simon and M. Lincoln Schuster. As of 2016, Simon & Schuster was the third largest publ ...

, 1979. *Stoops, Susan. ''Silent Gardens-the American Landscape.'' Waltham, MA: Rose Art Museum (

Brandeis University , mottoeng = "Truth even unto its innermost parts" , established = , type = Private research university , accreditation = NECHE , president = Ronald D. Liebowitz , pro ...

), 1988. *———''Ashes in Arcadia''. Waltham, MA: Rose Art Museum (Brandeis University), 1988. *———"Michelle Stuart: A Personal Archeology", ''Woman's Art Journal,'' vol. 14, #2, Fall 1993-Winter 1994. pp. 17–21. *———''More Than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the 1970s'', Waltham, MA: Rose Art Museum (Brandeis University), 1996. *Robert Storr. ''On the Edge: Contemporary Art from the Werner and Elaine Dannheiser Collection'', New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1997. *Ruzicka, Joseph. "Essential Light: The Skies of Michelle Stuart", ''Art in America'', June 2000. pp. 86–89. *Varnedoe, Kirk. ''Primitivism in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the Tribal and the Modern.'' New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1984. *Westfall, Stephen. "Melancholy Mapping" ''Art in America'', February 1987. pp 104–9.

References

External links

*
Oral history interview with Michelle Stuart, 2015 November 3-2017 May 23

Archives of American Art The Archives of American Art is the largest collection of primary resources documenting the history of the visual arts in the United States. More than 20 million items of original material are housed in the Archives' research centers in Washingt ...

, Smithsonian Institution {{DEFAULTSORT:Stuart, Michelle 1933 births Living people People from Amagansett, New York 20th-century American women artists 21st-century American women artists California Institute of the Arts alumni Chouinard Art Institute alumni