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Michel Ragon (24 June 1924 – 14 February 2020) was a French art and literature critic and writer. His primary focus was on anarchic and libertarian literature.


Biography

Ragon was born into a poor family on 24 June 1924 in
Marseille Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Franc ...
, but spent much of his childhood in
Fontenay-le-Comte Fontenay-le-Comte (; Poitevin: ''Funtenaes'' or ''Fintenè'') is a commune and subprefecture in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region of Western France. In 2018, it had a population of 13,302, while its functional area had a popu ...
. After his father died when he was eight, Ragon moved to
Nantes Nantes (, , ; Gallo: or ; ) is a city in Loire-Atlantique on the Loire, from the Atlantic coast. The city is the sixth largest in France, with a population of 314,138 in Nantes proper and a metropolitan area of nearly 1 million inhabita ...
with his mother. Here, he discovered the works of
Victor Hugo Victor-Marie Hugo (; 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French Romantic writer and politician. During a literary career that spanned more than sixty years, he wrote in a variety of genres and forms. He is considered to be one of the great ...
,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolu ...
,
Jules Verne Jules Gabriel Verne (;''Longman Pronunciation Dictionary''. ; 8 February 1828 – 24 March 1905) was a French novelist, poet, and playwright. His collaboration with the publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel led to the creation of the ''Voyages extraor ...
, Andre Gide, and others. He discovered a passion for arts at the
Musée d'Arts de Nantes The Fine Arts Museum of Nantes, along with 14 other provincial museums, was created, by consular decree on 14 Fructidor in year IX (31 August 1801). Today the museum is one of the largest museums in the region. The facades, roof and stairs in the ...
, as well as classical music at the
Théâtre Graslin Théâtre Graslin is a theatre and opera house in the city of Nantes, France, built in a new district of the city in the late 18th century by the local architect Mathurin Crucy, and named after the owner of the land, Jean-Louis Graslin. Constructed ...
. In 1943, at age 19, Ragon met the poets of the École de Rochefort, such as Jean Bouhier and René-Guy Cadou, as well as painter James Guitet. Due to his writings, he was wanted by the
Gestapo The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
, but escaped before he was to be captured. He returned to Nantes in 1944, but left for
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
the following year. It was in Paris where Ragon became a renowned modern art and literature critic. He would often travel, writing reports for the
World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of h ...
. He also curated exhibitions, such as the 1967
São Paulo Art Biennial The São Paulo Art Biennial (Portuguese: ''Bienal de São Paulo'') was founded in 1951 and has been held every two years since. It is the second oldest art biennial in the world after the Venice Biennale (in existence since 1895), which serves as ...
and the 1968
Venice Biennale The Venice Biennale (; it, La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation. The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of ...
. He would give lectures at the
Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs The Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs () is the ministry of the Government of France that handles France's foreign relations. Since 1855, its headquarters have been located at 37 Quai d'Orsay, close to the National Assembly. The term Qua ...
, thanks to
André Malraux Georges André Malraux ( , ; 3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976) was a French novelist, art theorist, and minister of cultural affairs. Malraux's novel ''La Condition Humaine'' (Man's Fate) (1933) won the Prix Goncourt. He was appointed by P ...
, and directed collections at
Casterman Casterman is a publisher of Franco-Belgian comics, specializing in comic books and children's literature. The company is based in Brussels, Belgium. History The company was founded in 1780 by Donat-Joseph Casterman, an editor and bookseller or ...
. Ragon was a visiting professor at the
Université de Montréal The Université de Montréal (UdeM; ; translates to University of Montreal) is a French-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The university's main campus is located in the Côte-des-Neiges neighborhood of Côte-de ...
in 1970, even though he only had his Certificat d'études primaires. Afterwards, he became a professor at the
École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs The École nationale supérieure des Arts Décoratifs (ÉnsAD, also known as Arts Decos', École des Arts Décoratifs) is a public grande école of art and design of PSL Research University. The school is located in the Rue d'Ulm in Paris. Profil ...
in Paris. He earned a doctorate at
Sorbonne University Sorbonne University (french: Sorbonne Université; la Sorbonne: 'the Sorbonne') is a public research university located in Paris, France. The institution's legacy reaches back to 1257 when Sorbonne College was established by Robert de Sorbon ...
in 1975 after not taking a single course for 50 years. He retired in 1985. Michel Ragon died on 14 February 2020 at the age of 95.


Publications


Poetry

*''Prière pour un temps de calamité'' (1945) *''Au matin de la mer'' (1945) *''Deux poèmes'' (1948) *''Un poème'' (1949) *''Feux de camps'' (1950) *''Cosmopolites'' (1954) *''La Peau des Choses'' (1968)


Novels

*''Drôles de métiers'' (1953) *''Drôles de Voyages'' (1954) *''Une place au soleil'' (1955) *''Trompe-l'œil'' (1956) *''Les Américains'' (1959) *''Le Jeu de Dames'' (1960) *''Les Quatre Murs'' (1966) *''Nous sommes 17 sous une lune très petite'' (1968) *''L'Accent de ma mère'' (1980) *''Ma sœur aux yeux d'Asie'' (1984) *''Les Mouchoirs rouges de Cholet'' (1984) *''La Louve de Mervent'' (1985) *''Le Marin des Sables'' (1987) *''L'Accent de ma mère'' (1989) *''La Mémoire des vaincus'' (1990) *''Le Cocher du Boiroux'' (1992) *''Le Roman de Rabelais'' (1994) *''Les coquelicots sont revenus'' (1996) *''Un si bel espoir'' (1999) *''Georges & Louise'' (2000) *''Un rossignol chantait'' (2001) *''Un amour de Jeanne'' (2003) *''La Ferme d'en haut'' (2005) *''Les Livres de ma terre'' (2005) *''Le Prisonnier'' (2007)


On Libertarianism

*''Les Écrivains du peuple'' (1947) *''Histoire de la littérature ouvrière'' (1953) *''Karl Marx'' (1959) *''Histoire de la littérature prolétarienne en France'' (1974) *''Bernard Clavel'' (1975) *''Ils ont semé nos libertés. Cent ans de droits syndicaux'' (1984) *''La Voie libertaire'' (1991) *''1793. L'insurrection vendéenne et les malentendus de la liberté'' (1992) *''Dictionnaire de l'Anarchie'' (2008) *''Ils se croyaient illustres et immortels…'' (2011)


Travel Stories

*''L'Honorable Japon'' (1959) *''J'ai vu vivre l'Angleterre'' (1960) *''Milan, un guide intime'' (1987)


Interviews

*''Enfances vendéennes'' (1990) *''J'en ai connu des équipages'' (1991) *''Ma Vendée'' (1994) *''D'une berge à l'autre'' (1999)


Art Critiques

*''Expression et non-figuration'' (1951) *''L’Aventure de l'art abstrait'' (1956) *''La Peinture actuelle'' (1959) *''L’Encyclopédie des arts'' (1962) *''Nouvelle figuration II - Enrico Baj, John Christoforou, John Hultberg, Bengt Lindström, Jean Messagier, Irving Petlin, Marcel Pouget, Paul Rebeyrolle'' (1962) *''Naissance d'un art nouveau'' (1963) *''Encyclopédie de poche : peinture, sculpture, architecture'' (1963) *''Les Grands Peintres racontés par eux-mêmes et par leurs témoins'' (1965) *''Univers des Arts'' (1965) *''L’Expressionnisme'' (1966) *''34-39, L'avant-guerre'' (1968) *''25 ans d'art vivant 1944-1969'' (1969) *''L’Art pour quoi faire ?'' (1971) *''L’Art abstrait'' (1973) *''L’Art abstrait'' (1974) *''Peinture moderne et peinture contemporaine'' (1974) *''25 ans d'art vivant : chronique vécue de l'art contemporain de l'abstraction au pop art, 1944-1969'' (1986) *''Selection One : VIII : Expressionnisme, couleur et passion'' (1987) *''Les Années 1950'' (1988) *''L’Art abstrait'' (1988) *''Journal de l'art abstrait'' (1992) *''Du côté de l'art brut'' (1996) *''Le Regard et la mémoire'' (1997) *''50 ans d'art vivant : chronique vécue de la peinture et de la sculpture, 1950-2000'' (2001) *''Les Années 1950-1960 : Gildas fardel, un collectionneur d'art abstrait'' (2008) *''Le Journal d’un critique d’art désabusé'' (2013)


Architecture Critiques

*''L’Architecte et le Magicien'' (1951) *''Le Livre de l'architecture moderne'' (1958) *''Où vivrons-nous demain ?'' (1963) *''L'Urbanisme et la cité'' (1964) *''Les Visionnaires de l'architecture'' (1965) *''Paris, hier, aujourd'hui, demain'' (1965) *''Les Cités de l'avenir'' (1966) *''La Cité de l'an 2000'' (1968) *''Esthétique de l'architecture contemporaine'' (1968) *''Les Erreurs monumentales'' (1971) *''Idéologies et pionniers'' (1971) *''Pratiques et méthodes, 1911-1985'' (1972) *''L'Homme et les villes'' (1975) *''L'architecture, le prince et la démocratie (Vers une démocratisation de l'architecture ?)'' (1977) *''Prospective et futurologie'' (1978) *''L'espace de la mort : essai sur l'architecture, la décoration et l'urbanisme funéraire'' (1981) *''Claude Parent, monographie critique d'un architecte'' (1982) *''L'Architecture des gares : naissance, apogée et déclin des gares de chemins de fer'' (1984) *''Goldberg : dans la ville - in the city'' (1985) *''Histoire mondiale de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme modernes'' (1986) *''Histoire de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme modernes'' (1991) *''C'est quoi, l'architecture ?'' (1991) *''Xavier Zevaco'' (1999) *''Paris, paysages'' (2008)


Humorous Drawings

*''Le Dessin d'humour'' (1960) *''Les Maîtres du dessin satirique'' (1972) *''Le Dessin d'humour, Histoire de la caricature et du dessin satirique en France'' (1992)


Monographs

*''Jean-Michel Atlan'' (1950) *''Ejler Bille'' (1950) *''Poliakoff'' (1956) *''Fautrier'' (1957) *''Dubuffet'' (1958) *''Martin Barré'' (1960) *''Jean-Michel Atlan'' (1960) *''Zoltan Kemeny'' (1960) *''Introduction à la peinture de James Guitet'' (1960) *''Marino di Teana'' (1961) *''James Guitet et le naturalisme abstrait'' (1962) *''Jean-Michel Atlan'' (1962) *''Pierre Soulages'' (1962) *''Les rêveries de la matière'' (1965) *''Alexander Calder'' (1967) *''John-Franklin Koenig'' (1969) *''Etienne-Martin'' (1970) *''James Guitet, les forces du silence'' (1973?) *''Marta Pan'' (1974) *''54 mots-clés pour une lecture polyphonique d'Agam'' (1965) *''Gustave Courbet'' (1980) *''Karel Appel, peinture 1937-1957'' (1988) *''Karel Appel, de Cobra, à un art autre, 1948-1957'' (1988) *''Jean-Michel Atlan, mon ami, 1948-1960'' (1989) *''Jean Dubuffet, paysages du mental : Regards sur l'œuvre d'un philosophe'' (1989) *''Les ateliers de Soulages'' (1990) *''Corneille toujours en route'' (1990) *''Jean Dubuffet'' (1995) *''Gérard Schneider'' (1998) *''Pierre Soulages, peintures sur papier'' *''Picassiette'' (2001) *''Gustave Courbet, peintre de la liberté'' (2004)


Articles

*''L'ami'' (1994)


Tributes

*In June 2010, a collection at the Institut national d'histoire de l'art exhibited "Michel Ragon, critic of art and architecture". A publication of this event was produced in 2013, now on display at the
Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine The Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine (Architecture and Heritage City) is a museum of architecture and monumental sculpture located in the Palais de Chaillot (Trocadéro), in Paris, France. Its permanent collection is also known as Musée n ...
. *The exposition "Villes visionnaires-hommage à Michel Ragon", on display at the FRAC Centre in 2014 and 2015, showed Ragon's "forward-looking" town planning.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ragon, Michel 1924 births 2020 deaths 20th-century French novelists 20th-century French poets 20th-century French writers Université de Montréal faculty French art critics