HadziewiczRafal-PortretMichalaWiszniewskiego

Michał Wiszniewski (27 September 1794 – 22 December 1865) was a Polish

philosopher A philosopher is a person who practices or investigates philosophy. The term ''philosopher'' comes from the grc, φιλόσοφος, , translit=philosophos, meaning 'lover of wisdom'. The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek th ...

psychologist A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior. Their work often involves the experimentation, observation, and interpretation of how indi ...

, and

literary historian The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment, enlightenment, or instruction to the reader/listener/observer, as well as the development of the literary techniques ...

Life

Wiszniewski graduated from the celebrated

Krzemieniec Lyceum Krzemieniec Lyceum ( pl, Liceum Krzemienieckie; russian: Кременецкий лицей; uk, Крем'янецький ліцей); sometimes referred to as "the Volhynian Athens" and " Czacki's School") was a renowned Polish secondary school ...

(secondary school), where he subsequently taught for a time. In 1831 he became a professor at

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...

Jagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University (Polish: ''Uniwersytet Jagielloński'', UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and the 13th oldest university in ...

. He was a conservative activist during the

Kraków Uprising The Kraków uprising (Polish: ''powstanie krakowskie'', ''rewolucja krakowska''; German: ''Krakauer Aufstand''; Russian: ''краковское восстание'') of 1846 was an attempt, led by Polish insurgents such as Jan Tyssowski and Edw ...

of 1846. In 1848 he emigrated to

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

. Wiszniewski was an epigone of the

Polish Enlightenment The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in Western Europe, as the Polish bourgeoisie was weaker, and szlachta (nobility) culture (Sarmatism) together with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth political system (Gol ...

, and at the same time a precursor of

Positivism Positivism is an empiricist philosophical theory that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive—meaning ''a posteriori'' facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience.John J. Macionis, Linda M. G ...

. He authored a pioneering book on ''Characters of Human Minds'', which is regarded as the first Polish work in the field of

psychology Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries betwe ...

.Information from the Polish Wikipedia article on "Michał Wiszniewski", 17 April 2009, 13:51, edition.

Works

* ''Bacona metoda tłumaczenia natury'' (

Bacon Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back. It is eaten as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), used as a central ingredient (e.g., the bacon, lettuce, and tomato sand ...

's Method of Explaining Nature; 1834) * ''Charaktery rozumów ludzkich'' (Characters of Human Minds; 1837, English edition 185

* ''O rozumie ludzkim (On the Human Mind; 1848) * ''Historia literatury polskiej'' (A History of Polish Literature; vols. 1–10, 1840–57)

Notes

References

* "Wiszniewski, Michał," ''Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN'' (PWN Universal Encyclopedia),

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN (''Polish Scientific Publishers PWN''; until 1991 ''Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe'' - ''National Scientific Publishers PWN'', PWN) is a Polish book publisher, founded in 1951, when it split from the Wydawnictwa Szkolne i P ...

, vol. 4, 1976, p. 660. * Polaczkówna, M., "''Michał Wiszniewski, 1830-1848''," ''Rocznik krakowski'', vol. 12, 1910. * Kadler, A., "''Działaność filozoficzna Michała Wiszniewskiego''," ''Charisteria: Rozprawy filozoficzne'', 1960. * Bańka, J., ''Poglądy filozoficzno-społeczne Michała Wiszniewskiego'', 1967. 1794 births 1865 deaths Jagiellonian University alumni 19th-century Polish philosophers Polish psychologists Polish literary historians {{Poland-bio-stub

Life

Works

See also

Notes

References