Michael Manring (born June 27, 1960) is an American bass guitarist from the
San Francisco Bay Area
The San Francisco Bay Area, often referred to as simply the Bay Area, is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco, San Pablo, and Suisun Bay estuaries in Northern California. The Bay Area is defined by the Association of Bay Area Go ...
.
Biography
Michael Manring was born in
Annapolis
Annapolis ( ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Maryland and the county seat of, and only incorporated city in, Anne Arundel County. Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, south of Baltimore and about east o ...
, Maryland,
[Tom Mulhern, ''Bass Heroes: Styles, Stories & Secrets of 30 Great Bass Players : from the Pages of Guitar Player Magazine'', Backbeat Books, 1993, , p.26] as the youngest of four children. His family lived in
Norfolk, Virginia
Norfolk ( ) is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Incorporated in 1705, it had a population of 238,005 at the 2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in Virginia after neighboring Virginia Be ...
and moved to the suburbs of
Washington, D.C.
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
in 1969. The Manrings were a very active family musically, providing a very fertile background for Michael's musical development. He and his brother Doug—a guitarist and drummer, later living a long time in Japan—formed a very active rhythm group while in high school, venturing through
jazz rock
Jazz fusion (also known as fusion and progressive jazz) is a music genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined jazz harmony and jazz improvisation, improvisation with rock music, funk, and rhythm and blues. Electric guitars, ...
and
fusion
Fusion, or synthesis, is the process of combining two or more distinct entities into a new whole.
Fusion may also refer to:
Science and technology Physics
*Nuclear fusion, multiple atomic nuclei combining to form one or more different atomic nucl ...
, playing rock classics at beer parties or pop standards in restaurants and at weddings.
Manring was a pupil of bassist Peter Princiotto from Spring Hill area, Virginia. He began to study at
Berklee College of Music
Berklee College of Music is a private music college in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world. Known for the study of jazz and modern American music, it also offers college-level cours ...
in
Boston
Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
, Massachusetts in the late 1970s, but canceled his studies in 1979 because of the heavy workload he already had, touring with several different bands like the Prog Rock band However.
[''MICHAEL MANRING . Beyond genres and niches'' by Anil Prasad.](_blank)
Accessed on November 22, 2007. During his time at Berklee College he used every opportunity to play with very different musicians and bands. In the 1980s he studied and toured with
Jaco Pastorius
John Francis Anthony "Jaco" Pastorius III (; December 1, 1951 – September 21, 1987) was an American jazz bass guitar, bassist, composer and producer. He recorded albums as a solo artist and band leader and was a member of Weather Report from 1 ...
and began to develop his own style.
[''Alum Profile – Michael Manring '79'' at Berklee College.](_blank)
Accessed on November 24, 2007.
In addition to a long tenure in the 1980s as house bassist for
Windham Hill Records
Windham Hill Records was an independent record label that specialized in instrumental acoustic music. It was founded by guitarist William Ackerman and Anne Robinson (née McGilvray) in 1976 and was popular in the 1980s and 1990s.
The label was ...
, Manring has recorded with
Spastic Ink
Spastic Ink was a progressive metal band from the United States.
History
Spastic Ink was formed in 1993 by guitarist Ron Jarzombek of Watchtower after recovering from multiple hand surgeries that had sidelined him, unable to play, for a couple ...
,
Alex Skolnick
Alex Skolnick (born September 29, 1968) is an American musician. He is best known as the lead guitarist and one of the songwriters of the thrash metal band Testament and has played with several other bands, including The Alex Skolnick Trio, Tra ...
(in the bands Skol-Patrol and Attention Deficit, also featuring
Tim Alexander
Timothy W. Alexander (born April 10, 1965), also credited as "Herb" Alexander, is an American musician best known as the drummer for the rock band Primus. Alexander has played on the majority of Primus's discography, including some of the band ...
from
Primus),
Larry Kassin,
Tom Darter,
Steve Morse
Steve J. Morse (born July 28, 1954) is an American guitarist, best known as the founder of the Dixie Dregs and as the lead guitarist of Deep Purple from 1994 to 2022. Morse has also enjoyed a successful solo career and was briefly a member of ...
,
David Cullen,
Alex de Grassi,
Will Ackerman
William Ackerman (born November 16, 1949) is an American guitarist and record producer who founded Windham Hill Records.
Career Early years
Ackerman was born in Palo Alto, California. His adoptive father was a professor of English at Stanfor ...
and many other noted musicians. He headlined his own band,
Montreux
Montreux (, , ; frp, Montrolx) is a Swiss municipality and town on the shoreline of Lake Geneva at the foot of the Alps. It belongs to the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, and has a population of approximat ...
, throughout the 1980s. He has been a member of Yo Miles!,
Henry Kaiser and
Wadada Leo Smith
Ishmael Wadada Leo Smith (born December 18, 1941) is an American trumpeter and composer, working primarily in the fields of avant-garde jazz and free improvisation. He was one of three finalists for the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for Music for ''Ten Free ...
's
Miles Davis
Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926September 28, 1991) was an American trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th-century music. Davis adopted a variety of music ...
tribute band, since its inception. In 1994 Manring was polled ''Bassist of the Year'' by the readers of ''Bass Player'' magazine.
[''Michael Manring Interview'' by Matt Guthrie, April 15, 1994.](_blank)
Accessed on November 21, 2007. Manring's name is also tied with that of
fingerstyle
Fingerstyle guitar is the technique of guitar picking, playing the guitar or bass guitar by plucking the strings directly with the fingertips, fingernails, or picks attached to fingers, as opposed to flatpicking (plucking individual notes with ...
guitarist
Michael Hedges
Michael Alden Hedges (December 31, 1953 – December 2, 1997) was an American acoustic guitarist and songwriter.
Early years
The son of Thayne Alden Hedges and Ruth Evelyn Hedges Ipsen, Michael Hedges was born in Sacramento, California. His l ...
, who was a dear friend and fellow musician. Manring toured extensively with Hedges and played on all Hedges albums except one.
Manring is known as a humble and gracious live performer with a gift for improvisation with guest musicians.
Since 2005 Manring is member of the band
DeMania with guitarist
Alex de Grassi and percussionist Christopher Garcia. Manring remains active, touring the world for performances and clinics. He lives in
Oakland, California
Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast of the United States, West Coast port, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third ...
. In 2020 he has collaborated with the Art of Peace global project, composed and arranged by Mehran Alirezaei.
Music and musical influences
Because of his association with the Windham Hill label Manring often was seen as a
New Age music
New-age is a genre of music intended to create artistic inspiration, relaxation, and optimism. It is used by listeners for yoga, massage, meditation, and reading as a method of stress management to bring about a state of ecstasy rather than tr ...
ian. He doesn't see himself as belonging to a certain style or genre and often jokes about categorising his music. His album ''Thonk'' he termed for example "... the first New Age–
Death metal
Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. It typically employs heavily distorted and low-tuned guitars, played with techniques such as palm muting and tremolo picking; deep growling vocals; aggressive, powerful drumming, feat ...
–
Fusion
Fusion, or synthesis, is the process of combining two or more distinct entities into a new whole.
Fusion may also refer to:
Science and technology Physics
*Nuclear fusion, multiple atomic nuclei combining to form one or more different atomic nucl ...
–album".
Manring has a solid musical knowledge and uses the bass as a solo instrument usually in alternate tunings, with additional possibilities and patterns invoked on the fly with lever-activated de-tuners and bridges, somewhat like a
pedal steel guitar
The pedal steel guitar is a Console steel guitar, console-type of steel guitar with pedals and knee levers that change the pitch of certain strings to enable playing more varied and complex music than any previous steel guitar design. Like all s ...
. He wants to show that the electric bass can be used in a musically rich and expressive way.
Manring occasionally plays on two (or even three or four) basses at the same time during live performances. Manring is also a composer of experimental music, mixing technology and fretless bass with the sounds of kitchen implements and cardboard boxes, evidenced on his "Book of Flame" solo album.
He is a technical virtuoso, generally using his bass in very different ways. Mostly he plays a fretless bass, which gives him ample possibilities to change tone and pitch just like on acoustic bass. Manring is rhythmically very versatile and often uses
polyrhythm
Polyrhythm is the simultaneous use of two or more rhythms that are not readily perceived as deriving from one another, or as simple manifestations of the same meter. The rhythmic layers may be the basis of an entire piece of music (cross-rhyth ...
s.
He's said to do "... things on the electric bass that haven't been done before, are nearly impossible, and (are) illegal in most states.". A unique technique employed by Manring is utilising Hipshot D tuners to change the tuning of one or more strings over the course of playing a piece.
Equipment
Manring plays a custom bass by
Zon Guitars
Zon Guitars is a US manufacturer of bass guitars founded in 1981 by Joseph Zon. The company is known for its use of non-traditional designs and materials. Zon Guitars is associated with endorser and player Michael Manring, who collaborated with ...
, the so-called ''Zon Hyperbass'', a very flexible instrument, which was developed by Joseph Zon and Manring. Special tuning pegs and a special bridge allow instantaneous tuning change of single strings as well as of all strings simultaneously by the action of several tiny levers, a system like that of the
TransTrem
TransTrem is a guitar vibrato system developed by Steinberger in 1984. Its main feature is to maintain the pitch of each string at the proper tuning interval to the others when the vibrato ("Whammy bar") is used. This allows entire chords to hav ...
guitar. The development of this special model was caused by Manring's use of open tunings. When Manring began changing tunings during pieces by turning the pegs while playing,
he soon realised the limitations of this approach. First he tried to overcome these limitations by changing a normal Music Man Sting Ray Bass, but then began to develop the Hyperbass with Zon. The Hyperbass has Bartolini
pickups for every string and four Fishman
transducer
A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another.
Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and contr ...
s for the body signals of the instruments.
Apart from the Hyperbass, Manring uses a whole fleet of instruments. A listing at his website gives the following models:
* Zon Legacy Elite Special fretless, aka "Bub"
* Homemade Jazz Bass-style fretless
* Zon Michael Manring Hyperbass
* Zon Custom Fretless, aka "Junior" or "Son of Bub"
* Larrivee 5-string fretless acoustic bass guitar
* MusicMan Stingray fretless
* Paroutaud Music Laboratories 5-string fretless ''Infinite Sustain'' prototype
* PRS fretless
* Riverhead Unicorn fretless
* Riverhead Unicorn fretted bass
* Zon prototype headless fretted bass, aka "Vinny"
* Zon Legacy Elite 6-string fretless
* Zon prototype Legacy 10-string bass (5 x 2).
Manring uses
Markbass amplifiers and EBow/PlusBow.
Discography
Solo
* 1986 ''Unusual Weather'' (
Windham Hill
Windham Hill Records was an independent record label that specialized in instrumental acoustic music. It was founded by guitarist William Ackerman and Anne Robinson (née McGilvray) in 1976 and was popular in the 1980s and 1990s.
The label was ...
)
* 1989 ''Toward the Center of the Night'' (Windham Hill)
* 1991 ''Drastic Measures'' (Windham Hill)
* 1994 ''Thonk'' (
High Street
High Street is a common street name for the primary business street of a city, town, or village, especially in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth. It implies that it is the focal point for business, especially shopping. It is also a metonym fo ...
)
* 1995 ''Up Close 21'' (Windham Hill/High Street/Boston Acoustic)
* 1998 ''The Book of Flame'' (Alchemy)
* 2005 ''Soliloquy'' (Manthing)
* 2020 ''Small Moments'' (Manthing)
Collaborations
; with Michael Hedges
* 1981 ''
Breakfast in the Field'' (Windham Hill)
* 1984 ''
Aerial Boundaries'' (Windham Hill)
* 1986 ''
Watching My Life Go By'' (Open Air)
* 1987 ''
Live on the Double Planet
''Live on the Double Planet'' is a live recording by guitarist Michael Hedges released on the Windham Hill Records, Windham Hill label.
Reception
Music critic Jason Anderson, writing for Allmusic, wrote of the album "Throughout this wide-ranging ...
'' (Windham Hill)
* 1990 ''
Taproot
A taproot is a large, central, and dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally. Typically a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick, is tapering in shape, and grows directly downward. In some plants, such as the carrot, the taproo ...
'' (Windham Hill)
* 1996 ''
Oracle
An oracle is a person or agency considered to provide wise and insightful counsel or prophetic predictions, most notably including precognition of the future, inspired by deities. As such, it is a form of divination.
Description
The word '' ...
'' (Windham Hill)
* 1999 ''
Torched'' (Windham Hill)
* 2000 ''Michael Hedges – The Best of Michael Hedges'' (Windham Hill)
* 2001 ''Beyond Boundaries – Guitar Solos'' (Windham Hill)
* 2003 ''Platinum & Gold Collection'' (
RCA Victor
RCA Records is an American record label currently owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America. It is one of Sony Music's four flagship labels, alongside RCA's former long-time rival Columbia Records; also Aris ...
)
* 2006 ''Pure Michael Hedges'' (RCA)
; with Calum Graham
* 2016 ''Farewell'' (Studio AD/TL Studios)
; with Danny Heines
* 2001 ''What Worlds They Bring'' (Vadadisc)
; with Alex Skolnick
* 1997 ''The Skol-Patrol'' (Pluto-Bound)
; with Montreux
* 1985 ''Chiaroscuro'' (Windham Hill)
* 1987 ''Sign Language'' (Windham Hill)
* 1989 ''Let Them Say'' (Windham Hill)
; with Jim Stinnett and
Grant Stinnett
Grant Stinnett is an American bassist notable for compositions on the bass guitar played as a solo instrument which use tunings different from the standard bass guitar tuning.FEBRUARY 21, 2011, JAKE KOT, Bass musician magazineAspiration by Grant ...
* 2008 ''Project M'' (Stinnett)
* 2009 ''Dance of the Bottom Feeders'' (Stinnett)
* 2011 ''Welcome to Our Clef'' (Stinnett)
* 2012 ''Convergencia'' (Stinnett)
; with John Gorka
* 1991 ''Jack's Crows'' (High Street)
* 1992 ''Temporary Road'' (High Street)
* 1994 ''Out of the Valley'' (High Street)
* 1996 ''Between Five and Seven'' (High Street)
* 1998 ''After Yesterday'' (Red House)
* 2001 ''Company You Keep'' (Red House)
* 2006 ''Writing in the Margins'' (Red House)
; with Paolo Giordano
* 1994 ''Paolo Giordano'' (Step Musique/New Sounds)
* 2000 ''Kid in a Toy Shop'' (Step Musique/New Sounds)
; with Turtle Island String Quartet
* 1995 ''By the Fireside'' (Windham Hill)
; with Attention Deficit
* 1998 ''Attention Deficit'' (Magna Carta)
* 2001 ''The Idiot King'' (Magna Carta)
; with Jeff Loomis
* 2008 ''Zero Order Phase'' (Century Media)
; with Yo Miles
* 1998 ''Yo Miles!'' (
Shanachie)
* 2004 ''Sky Garden'' (
Cuneiform
Cuneiform is a logo-syllabic script that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Middle East. The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. It is named for the characteristic wedge-sha ...
)
* 2005 ''Upriver'' (Cuneiform)
; with Sadhappy
* 1998 ''Good Day Bad Dream'' (Periscope)
* 2005 ''Outerspaces'' (Periscope)
; with Norm Stockton
* 2009 Tea in the Typhoon (Stocktones)
; with Scott McGill and Vic Stevens
* 2001 ''Addition by Subtraction'' (Free Electric Sound)
* 2003 ''Controlled by Radar'' (Free Electric Sound)
* 2006 ''What We Do'' (Free Electric Sound)
; with Larry Kassin and Tom Darter
* 2001 ''Scatter'' (MKD Music)
; with David Cullen
* 2001 ''Equilibré'' (Solid Air)
; with Human Factor
* 2002 ''Human Factor'' (Human Factor)
; with
Euro Groove Department
* 2005 ''
Optical Illusion
Within visual perception, an optical illusion (also called a visual illusion) is an illusion caused by the visual system and characterized by a visual perception, percept that arguably appears to differ from reality. Illusions come in a wide v ...
''
; with
At War With Self
* 2005 ''
Torn Between Dimensions'' (Free Electric Sound)
; with DeMania
* 2006 ''DeMania'' (Tropo)
; with Jonni Lightfoot
*2006 "BLU" (DreamAttik Productions)
; with Jeff Dodd
* 2007 ''Falling Awake'' (Aesthetic)
; with Jeff Titus
* 2007 ''Wood Dragon'' (Musician101 Music)
* 2011 ''What We Don't Know'' (Jeff Titus Music)
; with Brad Hoyt and Jeff Titus
* 2013 ''Restive Nocture'' (Harp Guitar Music)
; with
Jim Matheos
* 1999 ''
Away with Words''
; with Yves Carbonne and Dominique Di Piazza
* 2005 ''Carbonne – Di Piazza – Manring''
; with
Justin King (as King West Manring Vamos)
* 2008 ''I-XII''
; with Cyril Achard
* 2008 ''A Place in Time''
; with Sándor Szabó
* 2010 ''Inner Smile'' (Indie Europe/Zoom)
; with Lukas Ligeti
* 2011 ''Pattern Time'' (
Innova)
; with
Terror Syndrome
Terror Syndrome was a Canadian metal band formed by drummer Ryan Van Poederooyen in Vancouver, British Columbia in 2006. Initially announced as a Van Poederooyen solo project, it grew into a band consisting of Devin Townsend Band members Van Poed ...
* 2008 ''
Terror Syndrome
Terror Syndrome was a Canadian metal band formed by drummer Ryan Van Poederooyen in Vancouver, British Columbia in 2006. Initially announced as a Van Poederooyen solo project, it grew into a band consisting of Devin Townsend Band members Van Poed ...
''
; with
Kevin Kastning
*2013 "In Winter" (Greydisc Records)
; with Shambhu
* 2010 "Sacred Love" (Acoustic Shine)
* 2016 "Soothe" (Acoustic Shine)
; with Marco Maggiore
* 2014 ''PassWords'' (M81Productions)
; with Tim Jordan Kirtan
* 2015 ''Heart and Spirit'' (Dharmapala Records
)
; with Vectrexcentricity
* 2016 ''Lifelike Boy Android'' (H(i)nds(i)ght)
; with
Gianfranco Continenza
* 2013 ''Dusting the Time'' (Videoradio, VRCD 000844)
* 2019 ''Vertical Horizons'' (Never Sleeping Records, NS 001)
Compilations
; Windham Hill
* 1982 ''An Evening with Windham Hill Live''
* 1985 ''Windham Hill – Winter''
* 1985 ''Windham Hill Sampler '86 ''
* 1985 ''Windham Hill Sampler '85''
* 1986 ''A Winter's Solstice II''
* 1989 ''Windham Hill Radio Sampler I''
* 1990 ''Windham Hill – The First Ten Years''
* 1990 ''A Winter's Solstice III''
* 1990 ''Restore the Shore''
* 1991 ''Windham Hill Sampler '92''
* 1991 ''Windham Hill Guitar Sampler II''
* 1993 ''A Winter's Solstice IV''
* 1995 ''Heal the Bay''
* 1996 ''Sanctuary – 20 Years of Windham Hill''
* 1996 ''Redbook Relaxers – Daybreak''
* 1996 ''Redbook Relaxers – Dreamscape''
* 1996 ''Carols of Christmas''
* 1997 ''Summer Solstice – A Windham Hill Collection''
* 1997 ''Redbook Relaxers – Lullabies''
* 1997 ''Redbook Relaxers – Dinner Party''
* 1997 ''Redbook Relaxers – Between Friends''
* 1997 ''Redbook Relaxers – After Hours''
* 1997 ''Redbook Relaxers – Piano Reflections''
* 1998 ''Thanksgiving – A Windham Hill Collection''
* 1998 ''Yoga Zone – Music for Yoga Practice''
* 1998 ''Conversations with God II''
* 1999 ''Sun Dance – Summer Solstice III''
* 2000 ''Windham Hill Classics – Morning''
* 2000 ''Windham Hill Classics – Journeys''
* 2000 ''Windham Hill Classics – Harvest''
* 2000 ''Windham Hill Classics – Angels''
* 2000 ''The Mozart Variations''
* 2002 ''Spirit of Life''
* 2003 ''Windham Hill Chill II''
* 2003 ''Prayer – A Windham Hill Collection''
* 2003 ''Adagio – A Windham Hill Collection''
* 2003 ''A Winter's Solstice V''
* 2003 ''A Windham Hill Wedding Album''
* 2004 ''Winter Wonderland – A Windham Hill Collection''
* 2004 ''Lullaby – A Windham Hill Collection''
* 2005 ''A Quiet Revolution – 30 Years of Windham Hill''
* 2005 ''Essential Winter's Solstice''
; BMG
* 1997 ''Twilight Jazz''
* 1997 ''Meditation – Revive''
* 1997 ''Candlelight Moments – Romantic Moments''
* 1997 ''Candlelight Moments – Meditative Moments''
* 1998 ''Moonlight Reflections''
* 1998 ''Quiet Moods – Romantic Reflections''
* 1998 ''Quiet Moods – Meditative Moments''
* 2000 ''New Age Christmas''
* 2000 ''Awake''
* 2000 ''Yoga – Energy''
* 2000 ''Yoga – Balance Energy and Strength''
* 2001 ''Meditation – Relax Restore and Revive''
* 2002 ''Meditation – Renew''
* 2002 ''Meditation – Relax''
; Other labels
* 1994 ''We Sing to Open Ears'' (High Street)
* 1996 ''Different Mozart'' (Philips)
* 1997 ''Heritage'' (Polygram )
* 1997 ''A Very Green Christmas'' (Seventh Wave)
* 1999 ''Moonlight Moments'' (Columbia River)
* 1999 ''Soundscape – New Age Reflections'' (Delta/BMG)
* 1999 ''Bass Talk, Vol. 6'' (Hot Wire)
* 1999 ''Bass Day '98'' (Hudson Music)
* 2000 ''Dreamscape'' (Delta)
* 2003 ''Guitar Harvest I'' (Solid Air)
* 2004 ''Healing Garden – The Art of Relaxation'' (Madacy)
* 2005 ''Brazil Duets'' (Adventure Music)
* 2006 ''Woodsongs: An Acoustic Guitar Collection'' (New Land Music)
* 2010 ''The Quantum Activist Soundtrack'' (Bluedot Productions)
Video
* 1996 ''Bass Essentials'' (Hot Licks)
* 1998 ''The Artist’s Profile: Michael Manring'' (Ecliptic productions)
* 1998 ''Bass Day '98'' (Hudson Music)
* 2000 ''Michael Manring: Instructional Bass'' (Video, Hal Leonard)
* 2008 ''Michael Manring: Resonances'' (DVD, Resonance Prod LLC/Michael Manring)
* 2009 ''The Quantum Activist'' Documentary Soundtrack (Bluedot Productions)
References
External links
*
Ask Steve Lawson and Michael Manringforum at TalkBass.com
Solo Bass NightA recurring Bay Area, California solo bass show featuring Michael Manring
Official Peter Princiotto websiteBassist Michael Manring, an Interview With Editor Jake KotMichael Manring: A Review of the May 2009 Portland OR Concert, 8/01/2009Michael Manring Interview with Blogger Tommy Landry, 2011
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manring, Michael
New-age musicians
Chamber jazz bass guitarists
Berklee College of Music alumni
Living people
1960 births
Windham Hill Records artists
People from Annapolis, Maryland
Guitarists from Washington, D.C.
Musicians from the San Francisco Bay Area
Musicians from Norfolk, Virginia
20th-century American bass guitarists
Guitarists from California
Montreux (band) members
At War with Self members