Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro (died 1772) sd, ميان غلام شاه ڪلهوڙو ) was the ruler of the

Kalhora Dynasty The Kalhora dynasty ( sd, ڪلهوڙا راڄ, translit=Kalhora Raj) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Sindhi Kalhora origin based in the region of Sindh in what is now Pakistan. They claimed an Arab origin. The dynasty ruled Sindh and parts of th ...

from 1758 when he was appointed ruler of

Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...

by tribal Chiefs of

Kalhora The Kalhora () is a Sindhi tribe of Sindh, Pakistan, they claim Arab origin and direct descendants from Al-Hakim I and ultimately Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, companion and paternal uncle of Islamic prophet Muhammad. They founded the Kalhora Dy ...

replacing his brother Mian Muradyab Kalhoro.
He was recognized and bestowed upon title of Shah Wardi Khan by Afghan King

Ahmad Shah Durrani Ahmad Shāh Durrānī ( ps, احمد شاه دراني; prs, احمد شاه درانی), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern Afghanistan. In July 1747, Ahm ...

. He was able to bring stability in

after the rule of Main

Noor Mohammad Kalhoro Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro (1698-1755) ( sd, ميان نور محمد ڪلهوڙو) ruled over Sindh as Subahdar of Mughal Emperor from 1719 till 1736 when he consolidated his power over entire Sindh, subjugating Bakhar Sarkar (Northern Sindh), ...

; he reorganized the country and defeated the

Marathas The Marathi people (Marathi: मराठी लोक) or Marathis are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are indigenous to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language. Maharashtra was formed as a M ...

and their permanent vassal the Rao of Kutch near the

Thar Desert The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is an arid region in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent, Subcontinent that covers an area of and forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. It is the world's Li ...

and returned victoriousy. Ghulam Shah also ordered construction of the

Shrine of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai The Shrine of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai ( ur, ; sd, شاهہ عبداللطيف ڀٽائي جي مزار) is an 18th-century Sufi shrine located in the town of Bhit Shah, in the Pakistani province of Sindh. The shrine is considered to be one of ...

. The tomb of Ghulam Shah Kalhoro is situated in

Hyderabad Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part ...

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

Invasion of Cutch

In 1763-64 during the rule of Rao

Godji II Rao Godji II, was the Rao of Cutch belonging to Jadeja Rajput dynasty, who ascended the throne of Princely State of Cutch in 1760 and ruled until 1778 when he died. During his rein, the state was invaded by Kalhoras and Talpuras of Sindh severa ...

(1761–1778), Ghulam Shah invaded Kutch with an army of 7000 men, defeated the Rao in a battle near Jara, Kutch in which hundreds of Kutchi people died. Ghulam Shah extract tributes from many chiefs. Punja, the minister of Kutch promised Ghulam Shah a yearly tribute and the hand of Rao's sister who was famous for her beauty. But the Rao failed to meet the demands of Ghulam Shah. So, in 1765 Ghulam Shah again lead another army of 5000 men and captured many territories of Kutch and also took many prisoners including a large number of Hindu girls. After

Bhuj Bhuj () is a Municipality and District Headquarters of Kutch District in the state of Gujarat, India. Etymology According to legend, Kutch was ruled by the Nāga chieftains in the past. Sagai, a queen of Sheshapattana, who was married to Kin ...

, the capital of Kutch was besieged, negotiations started between the two rulers. Godji II agreed to marry a daughter of his cousin Wesuji and also agreed to pay a large indemnity and yearly tribute. Later Ghulam Shah married the daughter of Wesuji, Rao's cousin and the marriage was celebrated with great pomp and splendour on both the sides. In consideration of this relationship, the towns of Busta Bandar,

Lakhpat Lakhpat is a sparsely populated town and sub-district in the Kachchh district in the Indian state of Gujarat located at the mouth of the Kori Creek. The town is enclosed by 7km-long, 18th-century fort walls. Etymology The town is named after ...

and other territories that had been conquered by the Mián Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, were returned to the Rao of Cutch. In 1768, in order to commemorate his great victories achieved against the Rao of Kutch, Ghulam Shah built a new capital which he named

(in honour of

Imam Ali ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 CE) was the last of four Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was the first Shia Imam. ...

whose birth name was Haider meaning Lion). Ghulam Shah died in 1772 and was succeeded by his son Mian Sarfaraz Khan. Ghulam Shah was a patron of art and culture and built the tomb of his predecessor.

References

{{reflist Mughal Empire History of Sindh Sindhi people

Invasion of Cutch

See also

References