''Mesocyclops'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

copepod Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat (ecology), habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthos, benthic (living on the ocean floor) ...

crustacean Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean group ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Cyclopidae The Cyclopidae are a family (biology), family of copepods containing more than half of the 1,200 species in the order (biology), order Cyclopoida in over 70 genera. Genera These genera are accepted as valid: *''Abdiacyclops'' Karanovic, 2005 *' ...

. Because the various species of ''Mesocyclops'' are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control.

Biological control

Individuals of ''Mesocyclops'' can be easily harvested, bred and released into freshwater containers where the ''

Aedes aegypti ''Aedes aegypti'', the yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever viruses, and other disease agents. The mosquito can be recognized by black and white markings on its legs ...

'' mosquito larvae (the vector of

Dengue fever Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characterist ...

) live. A big advantage of the ''Mesocyclops'' is that it is possible to teach schoolchildren how to recognize and collect them so that communities are able to perform sustainable mosquito control without much professional or governmental assistance. A field trial in

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

has shown that large-scale elimination of ''Aedes aegypti'' larvae is possible. Because ''Mesocyclops'' is a host for the parasitic round worm

Guinea worm ''Dracunculus medinensis'', or Guinea worm, is a nematode that causes dracunculiasis, also known as guinea worm disease. The disease is caused by the female which, at up to in length, is among the longest nematodes infecting humans. In contra ...

(''Dracunculus medinensis'', the causative agent of dracunculiasis), this method is potentially hazardous in the small number of countries where the Guinea worm still occurs. Furthermore, many cultures have traditions and customs that forbid the introduction of animals into freshwater storage vessels as dangerous

taboo A taboo or tabu is a social group's ban, prohibition, or avoidance of something (usually an utterance or behavior) based on the group's sense that it is excessively repulsive, sacred, or allowed only for certain persons.''Encyclopædia Britannica ...

Species

The genus ''Mesocyclops'' contains 92 species and 2 species

nomen dubium In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...

: *'' Mesocyclops acanthoramus'' Holynska & Brown, 2003 *'' Mesocyclops aequatorialis'' Kiefer, 1929 *'' Mesocyclops affinis'' van de Velde, 1987 *'' Mesocyclops albicans'' (G. W. Smith, 1909) *'' Mesocyclops americanus'' Dussart, 1985 *'' Mesocyclops annae'' Kiefer, 1930 *'' Mesocyclops annulatus'' (Wierzejski, 1892) *'' Mesocyclops araucanus'' Löffler, 1962 *''

Mesocyclops arcanus ''Mesocyclops'' is a genus of copepod Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat (ecology), habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are b ...

'' Defaye, 1995 *'' Mesocyclops asiaticus'' Kiefer, 1932 *''

Mesocyclops aspericornis ''Mesocyclops aspericornis'' is a freshwater copepod species in the genus '' Mesocyclops'' found in the tropics. It was collected from Sumatra, Singapore and Hawaii. Together with the mosquito species ''Toxorhynchites speciosus'', ''M. aspericor ...

'' (Daday, 1906) *'' Mesocyclops australiensis'' (G. O. Sars, 1908) *'' Mesocyclops augusti'' Papa & Holynska, 2013 *'' Mesocyclops bernardi'' Petkovski, 1986 *'' Mesocyclops bodanicola'' Kiefer, 1955 *'' Mesocyclops borneoensis'' Dussart & Fernando, 1988 *'' Mesocyclops bosumtwii'' Mirabdullayev, Sanful & Frempong, 2007 *'' Mesocyclops brasilianus'' Kiefer, 1933 *'' Mesocyclops brevisetosus'' Dussart & Sarnita, 1987 *'' Mesocyclops brooksi'' Pesce, De Laurentiis & Humphreys, 1996 *'' Mesocyclops chaci'' Fiers (''in'' Fiers, Reid, Iliffe & Suárez-Morales), 1996 *'' Mesocyclops cuttacuttae'' Dumont & Maas, 1985 *'' Mesocyclops dadayi'' Holynska, 1997 *''

Mesocyclops darwini ''Mesocyclops'' is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of ''Mesocyclops'' are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control. Biol ...

'' Dussart & Fernando, 1988 *''

Mesocyclops dayakorum ''Mesocyclops'' is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of ''Mesocyclops'' are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control. Bio ...

'' Holynska, 2000 *'' Mesocyclops dissimilis'' Defaye & Kawabata, 1993 *'' Mesocyclops dussarti'' van de Velde, 1984 *'' Mesocyclops edax'' (Forbes, 1891) *'' Mesocyclops ellipticus'' Kiefer, 1936 *'' Mesocyclops evadomingoi'' Gutierrez-Aguirre & Suarez-Morales, 2001 *'' Mesocyclops ferjemurami'' Holynska & Nam, 2000 *''

Mesocyclops francisci ''Mesocyclops'' is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of ''Mesocyclops'' are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control. Bi ...

'' Holynska, 2000 *'' Mesocyclops friendorum'' Holynska, 2000 *'' Mesocyclops geminus'' Holynska, 2000 *'' Mesocyclops granulatus'' Dussart & Fernando, 1988 *'' Mesocyclops guangxiensis'' Reid & Kay, 1992 *'' Mesocyclops holynskae'' Karanovic, 2006 *'' Mesocyclops insulensis'' Dussart, 1982 *'' Mesocyclops intermedius'' Pesce, 1985 *'' Mesocyclops iranicus'' Lindberg, 1936 *'' Mesocyclops isabellae'' Dussart & Fernando, 1988 *'' Mesocyclops jakartensis'' Alekseev (''in'' Alekseev, Haffner, Vaillant & Yusoff), 2013 *'' Mesocyclops kawamurai'' K. Kikuchi, 1940 *'' Mesocyclops kayi'' Holynska & Brown, 2003 *''

Mesocyclops kieferi ''Mesocyclops'' is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of ''Mesocyclops'' are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control. Biol ...

'' van de Velde, 1984 *''

Mesocyclops leuckarti ''Mesocyclops'' is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of ''Mesocyclops'' are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control. Biol ...

'' (Claus, 1857) *'' Mesocyclops longisetus'' (Thiébaud, 1912) *'' Mesocyclops major'' G. O. Sars, 1927 *'' Mesocyclops mariae'' Guo, 2000 *''

Mesocyclops medialis ''Mesocyclops'' is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of ''Mesocyclops'' are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control. Biol ...

'' Defaye, 2001 *'' Mesocyclops meridianus'' (Kiefer, 1926) *'' Mesocyclops meridionalis'' Dussart & Frutos, 1986 *'' Mesocyclops microlasius'' Kiefer, 1981 *'' Mesocyclops microspinulosus'' Lindberg, 1942 *'' Mesocyclops monardi'' (Perret, 1925) *'' Mesocyclops mongoliensis'' Kiefer, 1981 *'' Mesocyclops nigerianus'' Kiefer, 1932 *'' Mesocyclops notius'' Kiefer, 1981 *'' Mesocyclops obsoletus'' (Koch, 1838) *''

Mesocyclops ogunnus ''Mesocyclops'' is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of ''Mesocyclops'' are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control. Biol ...

'' Onabamiro, 1957 *'' Mesocyclops paludosus'' Lindberg, 1956 *'' Mesocyclops papuensis'' van de Velde, 1987 *'' Mesocyclops paranaensis'' Dussart & Frutos, 1986 *''

Mesocyclops parentium ''Mesocyclops'' is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of ''Mesocyclops'' are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control. Biol ...

'' Holynska, 1997 *'' Mesocyclops pehpeiensis'' Hu, 1943 *'' Mesocyclops pescei'' Petkovski, 1986 *'' Mesocyclops pilosus'' Kiefer, 1930 *'' Mesocyclops pseudoannae'' van de Velde, 1987 *'' Mesocyclops pseudomeridianus'' Defaye & Dussart, 1989 *'' Mesocyclops pseudooperculatus'' (Lindberg, 1957) *'' Mesocyclops pseudospinosus'' Dussart & Fernando, 1988 *'' Mesocyclops pubiventris'' Holynska & Brown, 2003 *'' Mesocyclops rarus'' Kiefer, 1981 *''

Mesocyclops reidae ''Mesocyclops'' is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of ''Mesocyclops'' are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control. Bi ...

'' Petkovski, 1986 *'' Mesocyclops restrictus'' Dussart & Fernando, 1985 *'' Mesocyclops ruttneri'' Kiefer, 1981 *'' Mesocyclops salinus'' Onabamiro, 1957 *'' Mesocyclops shenzhenensis'' Guo, 2000 *'' Mesocyclops simillimus'' Brady, 1907 *'' Mesocyclops sondoongensis'' Tran & Holynska, 2015 *'' Mesocyclops spinosus'' van de Velde, 1984 *'' Mesocyclops splendidus'' Lindberg, 1943 *'' Mesocyclops strenuus'' (Daday, 1905) *'' Mesocyclops tenuisaccus'' (G. O. Sars, 1927) *'' Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides'' Harada, 1931 *'' Mesocyclops tobae'' Kiefer, 1933 *'' Mesocyclops trispinosus'' (Shen & Tai, 1964) *'' Mesocyclops woutersi'' van de Velde, 1987 *'' Mesocyclops wraniki'' Baribwegure & Dumont, 2000 *'' Mesocyclops yenae'' Holynska, 1998 *'' Mesocyclops yesoensis'' Ishida, 1999 *'' Mesocyclops yutsil'' Reid ''in'' Fiers, Reid, Iliffe & Suárez-Morales, 1996 *'' Mesocyclops cokeri'' Najam-un-Nisa, Mahoon & Irfa Khan, 1987 (

) *'' Mesocyclops forbesi'' Najam-un-Nisa, Mahoon & Irfa Khan, 1987 (nomen dubium) *'' Mesocyclops brehmi'' Kiefer, 1927 → '' Thermocyclops brehmi'' (Kiefer, 1927) *'' Mesocyclops brevifurcatus'' Harada, 1931 → '' Thermocyclops crassus'' (Fischer, 1853) *'' Mesocyclops consimilis'' Kiefer, 1934 → '' Thermocyclops consimilis'' Kiefer, 1934 *'' Mesocyclops crassus'' (Fischer, 1853) → '' Thermocyclops crassus'' (Fischer, 1853) *'' Mesocyclops curvatus'' Kiefer, 1981 → '' Mesocyclops salinus'' Onabamiro, 1957 *'' Mesocyclops decipiens'' Kiefer, 1929 → ''

Thermocyclops decipiens ''Thermocyclops'' is a genus of crustacean in family Cyclopidae. It was first described and later extensively researched by Friedrich Kiefer, who discovered some 20 species. The species and subspecies of the genus inhabit fresh and brackish water ...

'' (Kiefer, 1929) *'' Mesocyclops delamarei'' Lescher-Moutoué, 1971 → '' Kieferiella delamarei'' (Lescher-Moutoué, 1971) *'' Mesocyclops dybowskii'' (Landé, 1890) → '' Thermocyclops dybowskii dybowskii'' (Landé, 1890) *'' Mesocyclops emini'' (Mrázek, 1898) → ''

Thermocyclops emini ''Thermocyclops'' is a genus of crustacean in family Cyclopidae. It was first described and later extensively researched by Friedrich Kiefer, who discovered some 20 species. The species and subspecies of the genus inhabit fresh and brackish water ...

'' (Mrázek, 1898) *'' Mesocyclops gracilis'' (Lilljeborg, 1853) → '' Metacyclops gracilis'' (Lilljeborg, 1853) *'' Mesocyclops hyalinus'' (Rehberg, 1880) → ''

Thermocyclops hyalinus ''Thermocyclops'' is a genus of crustacean in family Cyclopidae. It was first described and later extensively researched by Friedrich Kiefer, who discovered some 20 species. The species and subspecies of the genus inhabit fresh and brackish water ...

'' (Rehberg, 1880) *'' Mesocyclops ianthinus'' Harada, 1931 → ''

Thermocyclops ianthinus ''Thermocyclops'' is a genus of crustacean in family Cyclopidae. It was first described and later extensively researched by Friedrich Kiefer, who discovered some 20 species. The species and subspecies of the genus inhabit fresh and brackish water ...

'' Harada, 1931 *'' Mesocyclops incisus'' Kiefer, 1932 → ''

Thermocyclops incisus ''Thermocyclops'' is a genus of crustacean in family Cyclopidae. It was first described and later extensively researched by Friedrich Kiefer, who discovered some 20 species. The species and subspecies of the genus inhabit fresh and brackish water ...

'' (Kiefer, 1932) *'' Mesocyclops infrequens'' Kiefer, 1929 → ''

Thermocyclops infrequens ''Thermocyclops'' is a genus of crustacean in family Cyclopidae. It was first described and later extensively researched by Friedrich Kiefer, who discovered some 20 species. The species and subspecies of the genus inhabit fresh and brackish water ...

'' (Kiefer, 1929) *'' Mesocyclops inopinus'' (Kiefer, 1926) → ''

Thermocyclops inopinus ''Thermocyclops'' is a genus of crustacean in family Cyclopidae. It was first described and later extensively researched by Friedrich Kiefer, who discovered some 20 species. The species and subspecies of the genus inhabit fresh and brackish water ...

'' (Kiefer, 1926) *'' Mesocyclops inversus'' Kiefer, 1936 → ''

Thermocyclops inversus ''Thermocyclops'' is a genus of crustacean in family Cyclopidae. It was first described and later extensively researched by Friedrich Kiefer, who discovered some 20 species. The species and subspecies of the genus inhabit fresh and brackish water ...

'' (Kiefer, 1936) *'' Mesocyclops macracanthus'' Kiefer, 1929 → '' Thermocyclops macracanthus'' (Kiefer, 1929) *'' Mesocyclops maheensis'' Lindberg, 1941 → '' Thermocyclops maheensis'' Lindberg, 1941 *'' Mesocyclops minutus'' Lowndes, 1934 → '' Thermocyclops minutus'' (Lowndes, 1934) *'' Mesocyclops neglectus'' G. O. Sars, 1909 → '' Thermocyclops neglectus'' (Sars G.O., 1909) *'' Mesocyclops nicaraguensis'' Herbst, 1960 → '' Mesocyclops edax'' (Forbes, 1891) *'' Mesocyclops oblongatus'' G. O. Sars, 1927 → '' Thermocyclops oblongatus'' (Sars G.O., 1927) *'' Mesocyclops oithonoides'' (G. O. Sars, 1863) → '' Thermocyclops oithonoides'' (Sars G.O., 1863) *'' Mesocyclops operculifer'' Kiefer, 1930 → '' Thermocyclops operculifer'' Kiefer, 1930 *'' Mesocyclops orghidani'' Plesa, 1981 → '' Thermocyclops orghidani'' (Plesa, 1981) *'' Mesocyclops rectus'' Lindberg, 1937 → '' Thermocyclops rectus'' (Lindberg, 1937) *'' Mesocyclops retroversus'' Kiefer, 1929 → '' Thermocyclops retroversus'' (Kiefer, 1929) *'' Mesocyclops rylovi'' Smirnov, 1928 → '' Thermocyclops rylovi rylovi'' (Smirnov, 1928) *'' Mesocyclops schmeili'' (Poppe & Mrázek, 1895) → '' Thermocyclops schmeili'' (Poppe & Mrázek, 1895) *'' Mesocyclops schuurmanae'' Kiefer, 1928 → '' Thermocyclops schuurmanae'' (Kiefer, 1928) *'' Mesocyclops spinifer'' (Daday, 1902) → '' Mesocyclops annulatus'' (Wierzejski, 1892) *'' Mesocyclops taihokuensis'' Harada, 1931 → '' Thermocyclops taihokuensis'' Harada, 1931 *'' Mesocyclops tenellus'' (G. O. Sars, 1909) → '' Tropocyclops tenellus'' (Sars G.O., 1909) *'' Mesocyclops tenuis'' (Marsh, 1910) → '' Thermocyclops tenuis'' (Marsh, 1910) *'' Mesocyclops tinctus'' (Lindberg, 1936) → ''

Thermocyclops tinctus ''Thermocyclops'' is a genus of crustacean in family Cyclopidae. It was first described and later extensively researched by Friedrich Kiefer, who discovered some 20 species. The species and subspecies of the genus inhabit fresh and brackish water ...

'' Lindberg, 1936 *'' Mesocyclops trichophorus'' Kiefer, 1930 → '' Thermocyclops trichophorus'' Kiefer, 1930 *'' Mesocyclops varius'' Dussart, 1987 → '' Mesocyclops brasilianus'' Kiefer, 1933 *'' Mesocyclops venezolanus'' Dussart, 1987 → '' Mesocyclops brasilianus'' Kiefer, 1933 *'' Mesocyclops vermifer'' Lindberg, 1935 → '' Thermocyclops vermifer'' Lindberg, 1935 *'' Mesocyclops vizarae'' Fryer, 1957 → '' Thermocyclops vizarae'' (Fryer, 1957)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q144998 Cyclopidae Cyclopoida genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot