Mesocyclops Trispinosus

''Mesocyclops'' is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of ''Mesocyclops'' are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control.

Biological control

Individuals of ''Mesocyclops'' can be easily harvested, bred and released into freshwater containers where the '' Aedes aegypti'' mosquito larvae (the vector of Dengue fever) live. A big advantage of the ''Mesocyclops'' is that it is possible to teach schoolchildren how to recognize and collect them so that communities are able to perform sustainable mosquito control without much professional or governmental assistance.

A field trial in Vietnam has shown that large-scale elimination of ''Aedes aegypti'' larvae is possible. Because ''Mesocyclops'' is a host for the parasitic round worm Guinea worm (''Dracunculus medinensis'', the causative agent of dracunculiasis), this method is potentially hazardous in the small number of countries where the Guinea worm still occurs. Furthermore, many cultures have traditions and customs that forbid the introduction of animals into freshwater storage vessels as dangerous taboos.

Species

The genus ''Mesocyclops'' contains 92 species and 2 species nomen dubium:

*'' Mesocyclops acanthoramus'' Holynska & Brown, 2003
*'' Mesocyclops aequatorialis'' Kiefer, 1929
*'' Mesocyclops affinis'' van de Velde, 1987
*'' Mesocyclops albicans'' (G. W. Smith, 1909)
*'' Mesocyclops americanus'' Dussart, 1985
*'' Mesocyclops annae'' Kiefer, 1930
*'' Mesocyclops annulatus'' (Wierzejski, 1892)
*'' Mesocyclops araucanus'' Löffler, 1962
*'' Mesocyclops arcanus'' Defaye, 1995
*'' Mesocyclops asiaticus'' Kiefer, 1932
*''Mesocyclops aspericornis'' (Daday, 1906)
*''Mesocyclops australiensis'' (G. O. Sars, 1908)
*'' Mesocyclops augusti'' Papa & Holynska, 2013
*''Mesocyclops bernardi'' Petkovski, 1986
*''Mesocyclops bodanicola'' Kiefer, 1955
*'' Mesocyclops borneoensis'' Dussart & Fernando, 1988
*''Mesocyclops bosumtwii'' Mirabdullayev, Sanful & Frempong, 2007
*''Mesocyclops brasilianus'' Kiefer, 1933
*'' Mesocyclops brevisetosus'' Dussart & Sarnita, 1987
*''Mesocyclops brooksi'' Pesce, De Laurentiis & Humphreys, 1996
*''Mesocyclops chaci'' Fiers (''in'' Fiers, Reid, Iliffe & Suárez-Morales), 1996
*'' Mesocyclops cuttacuttae'' Dumont & Maas, 1985
*''Mesocyclops dadayi'' Holynska, 1997
*''Mesocyclops darwini'' Dussart & Fernando, 1988
*''Mesocyclops dayakorum'' Holynska, 2000
*'' Mesocyclops dissimilis'' Defaye & Kawabata, 1993
*'' Mesocyclops dussarti'' van de Velde, 1984
*'' Mesocyclops edax'' (Forbes, 1891)
*''Mesocyclops ellipticus'' Kiefer, 1936
*''Mesocyclops evadomingoi'' Gutierrez-Aguirre & Suarez-Morales, 2001
*''Mesocyclops ferjemurami'' Holynska & Nam, 2000
*''Mesocyclops francisci'' Holynska, 2000
*'' Mesocyclops friendorum'' Holynska, 2000
*''Mesocyclops geminus'' Holynska, 2000
*''Mesocyclops granulatus'' Dussart & Fernando, 1988
*'' Mesocyclops guangxiensis'' Reid & Kay, 1992
*'' Mesocyclops holynskae'' Karanovic, 2006
*''Mesocyclops insulensis'' Dussart, 1982
*'' Mesocyclops intermedius'' Pesce, 1985
*'' Mesocyclops iranicus'' Lindberg, 1936
*''Mesocyclops isabellae'' Dussart & Fernando, 1988
*'' Mesocyclops jakartensis'' Alekseev (''in'' Alekseev, Haffner, Vaillant & Yusoff), 2013
*'' Mesocyclops kawamurai'' K. Kikuchi, 1940
*''Mesocyclops kayi'' Holynska & Brown, 2003
*''Mesocyclops kieferi'' van de Velde, 1984
*'' Mesocyclops leuckarti'' (Claus, 1857)
*''Mesocyclops longisetus'' (Thiébaud, 1912)
*''Mesocyclops major'' G. O. Sars, 1927
*'' Mesocyclops mariae'' Guo, 2000
*''Mesocyclops medialis'' Defaye, 2001
*'' Mesocyclops meridianus'' (Kiefer, 1926)
*''Mesocyclops meridionalis'' Dussart & Frutos, 1986
*'' Mesocyclops microlasius'' Kiefer, 1981
*'' Mesocyclops microspinulosus'' Lindberg, 1942
*''Mesocyclops monardi'' (Perret, 1925)
*'' Mesocyclops mongoliensis'' Kiefer, 1981
*'' Mesocyclops nigerianus'' Kiefer, 1932
*''Mesocyclops notius'' Kiefer, 1981
*''Mesocyclops obsoletus'' (Koch, 1838)
*''Mesocyclops ogunnus'' Onabamiro, 1957
*''Mesocyclops paludosus'' Lindberg, 1956
*''Mesocyclops papuensis'' van de Velde, 1987
*'' Mesocyclops paranaensis'' Dussart & Frutos, 1986
*''Mesocyclops parentium'' Holynska, 1997
*''Mesocyclops pehpeiensis'' Hu, 1943
*'' Mesocyclops pescei'' Petkovski, 1986
*''Mesocyclops pilosus'' Kiefer, 1930
*'' Mesocyclops pseudoannae'' van de Velde, 1987
*''Mesocyclops pseudomeridianus'' Defaye & Dussart, 1989
*'' Mesocyclops pseudooperculatus'' (Lindberg, 1957)
*''Mesocyclops pseudospinosus'' Dussart & Fernando, 1988
*''Mesocyclops pubiventris'' Holynska & Brown, 2003
*'' Mesocyclops rarus'' Kiefer, 1981
*''Mesocyclops reidae'' Petkovski, 1986
*''Mesocyclops restrictus'' Dussart & Fernando, 1985
*'' Mesocyclops ruttneri'' Kiefer, 1981
*'' Mesocyclops salinus'' Onabamiro, 1957
*'' Mesocyclops shenzhenensis'' Guo, 2000
*'' Mesocyclops simillimus'' Brady, 1907
*'' Mesocyclops sondoongensis'' Tran & Holynska, 2015
*''Mesocyclops spinosus'' van de Velde, 1984
*''Mesocyclops splendidus'' Lindberg, 1943
*'' Mesocyclops strenuus'' (Daday, 1905)
*''Mesocyclops tenuisaccus'' (G. O. Sars, 1927)
*''Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides'' Harada, 1931
*'' Mesocyclops tobae'' Kiefer, 1933
*'' Mesocyclops trispinosus'' (Shen & Tai, 1964)
*''Mesocyclops woutersi'' van de Velde, 1987
*'' Mesocyclops wraniki'' Baribwegure & Dumont, 2000
*'' Mesocyclops yenae'' Holynska, 1998
*''Mesocyclops yesoensis'' Ishida, 1999
*''Mesocyclops yutsil'' Reid ''in'' Fiers, Reid, Iliffe & Suárez-Morales, 1996

*''Mesocyclops cokeri'' Najam-un-Nisa, Mahoon & Irfa Khan, 1987 (nomen dubium)
*''Mesocyclops forbesi'' Najam-un-Nisa, Mahoon & Irfa Khan, 1987 (nomen dubium)

*''Mesocyclops brehmi'' Kiefer, 1927 → ''Thermocyclops brehmi'' (Kiefer, 1927)
*''Mesocyclops brevifurcatus'' Harada, 1931 → ''Thermocyclops crassus'' (Fischer, 1853)
*''Mesocyclops consimilis'' Kiefer, 1934 → ''Thermocyclops consimilis'' Kiefer, 1934
*''Mesocyclops crassus'' (Fischer, 1853) → ''Thermocyclops crassus'' (Fischer, 1853)
*'' Mesocyclops curvatus'' Kiefer, 1981 → '' Mesocyclops salinus'' Onabamiro, 1957
*'' Mesocyclops decipiens'' Kiefer, 1929 → ''Thermocyclops decipiens'' (Kiefer, 1929)
*''Mesocyclops delamarei'' Lescher-Moutoué, 1971 → '' Kieferiella delamarei'' (Lescher-Moutoué, 1971)
*''Mesocyclops dybowskii'' (Landé, 1890) → ''Thermocyclops dybowskii dybowskii'' (Landé, 1890)
*'' Mesocyclops emini'' (Mrázek, 1898) → ''Thermocyclops emini'' (Mrázek, 1898)
*'' Mesocyclops gracilis'' (Lilljeborg, 1853) → ''Metacyclops gracilis'' (Lilljeborg, 1853)
*'' Mesocyclops hyalinus'' (Rehberg, 1880) → ''Thermocyclops hyalinus'' (Rehberg, 1880)
*''Mesocyclops ianthinus'' Harada, 1931 → ''Thermocyclops ianthinus'' Harada, 1931
*'' Mesocyclops incisus'' Kiefer, 1932 → ''Thermocyclops incisus'' (Kiefer, 1932)
*''Mesocyclops infrequens'' Kiefer, 1929 → ''Thermocyclops infrequens'' (Kiefer, 1929)
*''Mesocyclops inopinus'' (Kiefer, 1926) → ''Thermocyclops inopinus'' (Kiefer, 1926)
*''Mesocyclops inversus'' Kiefer, 1936 → ''Thermocyclops inversus'' (Kiefer, 1936)
*''Mesocyclops macracanthus'' Kiefer, 1929 → ''Thermocyclops macracanthus'' (Kiefer, 1929)
*''Mesocyclops maheensis'' Lindberg, 1941 → ''Thermocyclops maheensis'' Lindberg, 1941
*''Mesocyclops minutus'' Lowndes, 1934 → ''Thermocyclops minutus'' (Lowndes, 1934)
*'' Mesocyclops neglectus'' G. O. Sars, 1909 → ''Thermocyclops neglectus'' (Sars G.O., 1909)
*''Mesocyclops nicaraguensis'' Herbst, 1960 → '' Mesocyclops edax'' (Forbes, 1891)
*'' Mesocyclops oblongatus'' G. O. Sars, 1927 → ''Thermocyclops oblongatus'' (Sars G.O., 1927)
*''Mesocyclops oithonoides'' (G. O. Sars, 1863) → ''Thermocyclops oithonoides'' (Sars G.O., 1863)
*''Mesocyclops operculifer'' Kiefer, 1930 → ''Thermocyclops operculifer'' Kiefer, 1930
*''Mesocyclops orghidani'' Plesa, 1981 → ''Thermocyclops orghidani'' (Plesa, 1981)
*'' Mesocyclops rectus'' Lindberg, 1937 → ''Thermocyclops rectus'' (Lindberg, 1937)
*''Mesocyclops retroversus'' Kiefer, 1929 → ''Thermocyclops retroversus'' (Kiefer, 1929)
*''Mesocyclops rylovi'' Smirnov, 1928 → ''Thermocyclops rylovi rylovi'' (Smirnov, 1928)
*'' Mesocyclops schmeili'' (Poppe & Mrázek, 1895) → ''Thermocyclops schmeili'' (Poppe & Mrázek, 1895)
*''Mesocyclops schuurmanae'' Kiefer, 1928 → ''Thermocyclops schuurmanae'' (Kiefer, 1928)
*'' Mesocyclops spinifer'' (Daday, 1902) → '' Mesocyclops annulatus'' (Wierzejski, 1892)
*''Mesocyclops taihokuensis'' Harada, 1931 → ''Thermocyclops taihokuensis'' Harada, 1931
*'' Mesocyclops tenellus'' (G. O. Sars, 1909) → ''Tropocyclops tenellus'' (Sars G.O., 1909)
*''Mesocyclops tenuis'' (Marsh, 1910) → ''Thermocyclops tenuis'' (Marsh, 1910)
*''Mesocyclops tinctus'' (Lindberg, 1936) → ''Thermocyclops tinctus'' Lindberg, 1936
*'' Mesocyclops trichophorus'' Kiefer, 1930 → ''Thermocyclops trichophorus'' Kiefer, 1930
*''Mesocyclops varius'' Dussart, 1987 → ''Mesocyclops brasilianus'' Kiefer, 1933
*'' Mesocyclops venezolanus'' Dussart, 1987 → ''Mesocyclops brasilianus'' Kiefer, 1933
*''Mesocyclops vermifer'' Lindberg, 1935 → ''Thermocyclops vermifer'' Lindberg, 1935
*'' Mesocyclops vizarae'' Fryer, 1957 → ''Thermocyclops vizarae'' (Fryer, 1957)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q144998

Cyclopidae
Cyclopoida genera
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot