Merilo Pravednoye
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''Merílo Právednoye'' or ''Just Measure'' ('measure of righteousness') (russian: Мерило Праведное, cu, мѣрило праведноѥ) is an
Old Russian Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian; be, старажытнаруская мова; russian: древнерусский язык; uk, давньоруська мова) was a language used during the 9th–15th centuries by East ...
legal collection from the late 13th or early 14th century, preserved in the copies of the 14th to the 16th centuries. The name was given in modern literature, taken from the first words of this text: "this books is just measure, true weighing..." ("siya knigi ''merilo pravednoye'', izves istin`nyi..." or "сиѩ книги ''мѣрило праведноѥ''. извѣсъ истиньныи..."). Just Measure was written in Old Church Slavonic and
Old Russian Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian; be, старажытнаруская мова; russian: древнерусский язык; uk, давньоруська мова) was a language used during the 9th–15th centuries by East ...
.


Content

The Trinity (Troitsky) copy is the oldest surviving copy from the 14th century. Materials from the old legal collection from the early 12th century may have been used during the compilation of ''Merílo Právednoye''. It was to serve both as a book of moral precepts and a legal guide book for judges as well as the transmission of several older texts. The text consists of two parts: the first contains the words and the lessons () both translated and original, on the just and the unjust courts; the second part (the so-called collection of 30 chapters) consists of translations of
Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship * C ...
and secular
laws Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vari ...
, borrowed from the ''Kormchaia Book'', and the oldest Slavic and Russian legal texts, the ''
Zakon Sudnyi Liudem The Zakón Súdnyi Liúdem ("Law for Judging the People" or "Court Law for the People") is the oldest preserved Slavic legal text. Its source was Byzantine law and it was written in Old Church Slavonic in the late ninth or early tenth centur ...
'', Vladimir's
Church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship * C ...
Statute, ''
Russkaya Pravda The ''Russkaya Pravda'' (Rus' Justice, Rus' Truth, or Russian Justice; orv, Правда роусьскаꙗ, ''Pravda Rusĭskaya'' (13th century, 1280), Правда Руськая, ''Pravda Rus'kaya'' (second half of the 15th century); russian: ...
'', and "Legal rule on the church people" – . Тихомиров М. Н. Закон судный людем краткой редакции в русских рукописях. Вступительная статья к изданию Закона судного людем в краткой редакции. М., 1961.


Notes


Editions

* Мерило Праведное по рукописи XIV века. Издано под наблюдением и со вступительной статьей академика М. Н. Тихомирова. Изд. АН СССР. – М., 1961.


Literature

* Арсений. Описание славянских рукописей библиотеки Свято-Троицкой Сергиевой лавры // Чтения в обществе истории и древостей российских. – М., 1878. * Бальцежак Е. Е., Николаев Г. А. О языке церковно-деловых текстов древнерусской письменности // Словобразование, Стилистика. Текст. – Казань: Изд-во Казан. ун-та, 1990. * Бенеманский М. Ὁ Πρόχειρος Νόμος императора Василия Македонянина. Его происхождение, характеритика и значение в церковном праве. Вып. 1. – Сергиев Посад, 1906. * Бенешевич В. Н. Древнеславянская кормчая. 14 титулов без толкований. Т. 1. Вып. 1-3. – СПб., 1906 -1907. * Василевский В. Г. Законодательство иконоборцев // Журнал Министерства Народного Просвещения. Октябрь, 1878. * Востоков А. Х. Описание русских и славянских рукописей Румянцевского музеума. – М., 1841. * Данилова В. М. Палеографическое и фонетическое описание рукописи «Мерило Праведное» (Троицкое собрание, № 15). Автореф. дисс…канд.филол. наук. – М., 1969. * Зализняк А. А. "Мерило праведное" XIV века как акцентологический источник. - Мunchen : Sagner, 1990. - 183 с. (Slavistische Beitrage ; Bd.266). * Калачев Н. В. Исследование о Русской Правде. Ч. 1. Предварительные юридические сведения для полного объяснения Русской Правды. – М., 1846. * Калачев Н. В. Мерило Праведное // Архив историко-юридических сведений, относящихся до России. – СПб., 1876. – Кн. 1. * Николаев Г. А. Формы именного словообразования в языке Мерила Праведного XIV века. Автореф. дисс…канд.филол. наук. – Казань, 1966. * Николаев Г. А. Язык церковно-деловых памятников древнерусского извода // Христианизация, дехристианизация и рехристианизация в теории и практике русского языка. Под ред. Ежи Калишана. – Познань, 2001. * Павлов А. С. Первоначальный славяно-русский Номоканон. – Казань, 1969. * Павлов А. С. «Книги законныя», содержащие в себе в древнерусском переводе византийские законы земледельческие, уголовные, брачные и судебные. – СПб., 1885. * Розенкампф Г. А. Обозрение Кормчей книги в историческом виде. – СПб., 1839. * Сперанский М. Н. Переводные сборники изречений в славяно-русской письменности. – М., 1904. * Срезневский И. И. Обозрение древних русских списков Кормчей книги. Приложение // Сборник ОРЯС, т. 65, № 2. 1897. * Тихомиров М. Н. Исследование о Русской Правде. Происхождение текстов. – М.;-Л., 1941. * Тихомиров М. Н. Закон судный людем краткой редакции в русских рукописях. Вступительная статья к изданию Закона судного людем в краткой редакции. – М., 1961. * Юшков В. С. К истории древнерусских юридических сборников (XIII в). – Саратов, 1921.
Николаев, Геннадий. Мерило Праведное. (Заметки о составе памятника) // Православный собеседник № 1 (14) - 2007. Сайт Библиотека Якова Кротова


See also

*
Nomocanon A nomocanon ( gr, Νομοκανών, ; from the Greek 'law' and 'a rule') is a collection of ecclesiastical law, consisting of the elements from both the civil law and the canon law. Nomocanons form part of the canon law of the Eastern Cathol ...
*
Kormchaia The ''Kórmchaia Book'', also known as the ''Books of the Pilot'' (russian: Ко́рмчая книга, from , cu, кръмьчии 'helmsman, ship's pilot'; ), ''Pidalion'' (russian: Пидалион from grc, Πηδάλιον, Πηδαλί ...
*
Old Russian Law Rus' Law or Old Russian LawKaiser, Daniel H. The growth of the law in Medieval Russia. – Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980. – 308 p. P. 151-209 was a legal system in Kievan Rus' (since the 9th century), in later Old Rus' states (kny ...
{{Christianity footer Eastern Orthodoxy in medieval Russia Christianity in the Middle East East Slavic manuscripts Medieval legal codes Legal history of Russia Legal history of Belarus Legal history of Ukraine Cyrillic manuscripts Old East Slavic 13th-century neologisms 14th-century neologisms