Memari II is a

community development block In India, a Community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of Tehsil, administratively earmarked for planning and development. The area is administered by a Block Development Officer (BDO), supported by several technic ...

that forms an administrative division in

Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Purba Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India.Great revolutionary Rash behari Bose was born in village Subaldaha.This village is under this sub division. O ...

Purba Bardhaman district Purba Bardhaman district is in West Bengal. Its headquarters is in Bardhaman. It was formed on 7 April 2017 after the division of the previous Bardhaman district. Great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose was born in village Subaldaha in the district ...

in the

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fourt ...

History

During the reign of

Mughal emperor The Mughal emperors ( fa, , Pādishāhān) were the supreme heads of state of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughal rulers styled t ...

Shah Alam II Shah Alam II (; 25 June 1728 – 19 November 1806), also known by his birth name Ali Gohar (or Ali Gauhar), was the seventeenth Mughal Emperor and the son of Alamgir II. Shah Alam II became the emperor of a crumbling Mughal empire. His powe ...

, Munshi Syed Sadruddin (d. 1796) was appointed as the ''mutawalli'' (guardian) of the Baish Hazari

pargana Pargana ( bn, পরগনা, , hi, परगना, ur, پرگنہ) or parganah, also spelt pergunnah during the time of the Sultanate period, Mughal times and British Raj, is a former administrative unit of the Indian subcontinent and each ...

. He constructed a large

madrasa Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , pl. , ) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary instruction or higher learning. The word is variously transliterated '' ...

and library in Bohar called Madrasa-i-Jalalia, in honour of

Jalaluddin Tabrizi Abū al-Qāsim Jalāl ad-Dīn Tabrīzī ( fa, ) was a celebrated Sufi saint of South Asia. He arrived in Bengal shortly after the start of its Muslim rule, where he propagated Islam to the local populace and spent the rest of his life. The Jalili ...

, which produced hundreds of

ulama In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious ...

including

Ghulam Mustafa Burdwani Ghulām Muṣṭafā al-Burdwānī ( ar, غلام مصطفى البردواني), or alternatively Golam Mostafa Bardhamani ( bn, গোলাম মোস্তফা বর্ধমানী), was an 18th-century Islamic scholar and poet from Bu ...

, Izharul Haque, Abdur Rab Lucknowi, Abdur Rahman Lucknowi and Nurul Haque Ansari.

Geography

Location

Satgachia, a constituent panchayat of Memari II block, is located at . Memari II CD Block is part of the Bardhaman Plain, the central plain area of the district. The area is surrounded by the

Bhagirathi The Bhāgīrathī (Pron: /ˌbʌgɪˈɹɑːθɪ/) is a turbulent Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and one of the two headstreams of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and the holy river of Hinduism. In the Hindu fa ...

on the east, the Ajay on the north-west and the Damodar on the west and south. Old river channels and small creeks found in the region dry up in the dry season, but the Bardhaman Plains are sometimes subject to heavy floods during the rainy season. The region has recent

alluvial Alluvium (from Latin ''alluvius'', from ''alluere'' 'to wash against') is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings. Alluv ...

soils. Memari II CD Block is bounded by Manteswar CD Block on the north,

Kalna I Kalna I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Kalna subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Kalna is located at . Kalna I CD Block is part of the Bhagi ...

CD Block on the east,

Memari I Memari I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Memari is located at . Memari I CD Block ...

CD Block on the south and

Burdwan I Burdwan I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Baghar, a constituent panchayat of Burdwan ...

and

Burdwan II Burdwan II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Baghar, a constituent panchayat of Burdw ...

CD Blocks on the west. Memari II CD Block has an area of 186.84 km². It has 1 panchayat samity, 9

gram panchayat Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...

s, 115 gram sansads (village councils), 89

mouza In Bangladesh, Pakistan and parts of India a mouza or mauza (also mouja) is a type of administrative district, corresponding to a specific land area within which there may be one or more settlements. Before the 20th century, the term referred to a ...

s and 88 inhabited villages.

Memari Memari is a town and a municipality in Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Memari is located at . It has an average elevation of 25 metres (82 feet). Urbanisation 95.54% of the populatio ...

police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD Block is at

Paharhati Paharhati is a village in Memari II CD block in Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Paharhati is approximately 25 km from Bardhaman and is 2 hours jou ...

Gram panchayat Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...

s of Memari II block/

panchayat samiti Panchayat samiti is a rural local government (panchayat) body at the intermediate tehsil (taluka/mandal) level in India. It works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a development block. It has been said to be the "panchayat ...

are: Barapalason I, Barapalason II, Bijpur I, Bijpur II, Bohar I, Bohar II, Kuchut, Satgachia I and Satgachia II.

Demographics

Population

As per the

2011 Census of India The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...

Memari II CD Block had a total population of 150,252, all of which were rural. There were 76,500 (51%) males and 73,752 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 15,567.

Scheduled Castes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

numbered 35,933 (23.92%) and

Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

numbered 27,676 (18.42%). As per the 2001 census, Memari II block had a total population of 135,621, out of which 69,486 were males and 66,135 were females. Memari II block registered a population growth of 13.67 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Bardhaman district was 14.36 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.

Scheduled castes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

at 35,310 formed around one-third the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 24,819. Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Memari II CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Mandalgram (10,171), Barapalashan (6,912), Bijur (5,430), Kuchut (4,598), Jabui (4,066), Begunia (5,962), Satgachhia (8,733) and Bohar (9,057).

Literacy

As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Memari II CD Block was 100,455 (74.59% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 55,880 (81.49% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 44,575 (67.42% of the female population over 6 years). The

gender disparity Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex determination occurs by the presence or absence of a Y in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. Phenotypic sex refers to an individual's sex as determined by the ...

(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 14.07%. As per the 2001 census, Memari II block had a total literacy of 69.89 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 79.54 per cent female literacy was 59.77 per cent. Bardhaman district had a total literacy of 70.18 per cent, male literacy being 78.63 per cent and female literacy being 60.95 per cent. See also –

List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate This is a list of districts in the Indian state of West Bengal ranked by literacy rate as per provisional data of 2011 census. With a literacy rate of 96.26% (male 90.69% and female 96.54%), above the national average of 90.04%, as per the 2011 Ce ...

Languages and religion

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue,

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001,

Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...

has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

below poverty line Below Poverty Line is a benchmark used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from s ...

in 2005,

rural poverty Rural poverty refers to poverty in rural areas, including factors of rural society, rural economy, and political systems that give rise to the poverty found there.Janvry, A. de, E. Sadoulet, and R. Murgai. 2002“Rural Development and Rural Pol ...

in Memari II CD Block was 38.04%.

Economy

Livelihood

In Memari II CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 17.10%, agricultural labourers 58.54%, household industry workers 2.11% and other workers 22.25%. Memari II CD Block is part of the area where agriculture dominates the scenario but the secondary and tertiary sectors have shown an increasing trend.

Infrastructure

There are 88 inhabited villages in Memari II CD block. All 88 villages (100%) have power supply. 86 villages (97.93%) have drinking water supply. 16 villages (18.18%) have post offices. All 88 villages (100%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 42 villages (47.73%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 54 villages (61.36%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 26 villages (29.55%) have agricultural credit societies. 7 villages (7.95%) have banks. In 2013-14, there were 96 fertiliser depots, 10 seed stores and 42 fair price shops in the CD Block.

Agriculture

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of

bargadar Sharecropping is a legal arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range ...

s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Following

land reforms Land reform is a form of agrarian reform involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership. Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed property redistribution, generally of agricultural ...

land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture Memari I could be classified as follows:

s 17.41%, patta (document) holders 6.55%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 3.40%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 15.18% and agricultural labourers 57.46%. In 2003-04 net cropped area in Memari II CD Block was 14,508 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 11,820 hectares. In 2013-14, Memari II CD Block produced 97,129 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 30,826 hectares, 6,382 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 2,343 hectares, 33,269 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 7,464 hectares and 58,809 tonnes of potatoes from 2,700 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In Bardhaman district as a whole Aman paddy constituted 64.32% of the total area under paddy cultivation, while the area under Boro and Aus paddy constituted 32.87% and 2.81% respectively. The expansion of Boro paddy cultivation, with higher yield rates, was the result of expansion of irrigation system and intensive cropping. In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Memari II CD Block was 17,276.64 hectares, out of which 16,154.27 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 241.24 hectares by river lift irrigation and 881.13 hectares by deep tube wells.

Banking

In 2013-14, Memari II CD Block had offices of 9 commercial banks and 3 gramin banks.

Transport

Memari II CD Block has 8 originating/ terminating bus routes. SH 15 running from Dainhat (in Bardhaman district) to Gadiara (in Howrah district) passes through this CD Block.

Education

In 2013-14, Memari II CD Block had 113 primary schools with 8,103 students, 4 middle schools with 584 students, 16 high schools with 8,455 students and 6 higher secondary schools with 7,223 students. Memari II CD Block had 254 institutions for special and non-formal education with 6,773 students As per the 2011 census, in Memari II CD block, amongst the 88 inhabited villages, 7 villages did not have schools, 26 villages had two or more primary schools, 28 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 21 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. More than 6,000 schools (in erstwhile Bardhaman district) serve cooked midday meal to more than 900,000 students.

Healthcare

In 2014, Memari II CD Block had 1 block primary health centre and 3 primary health centres with total 32 beds and 5 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 21 family welfare subcentres. 2,217 patients were treated indoor and 201,770 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block. Paharhati Rural Hospital at

(with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Memari II CD block. There are primary health centres at Barapalasan (with 6 beds), Bitra (with 10 beds) and Bohar (with 6 beds). Memari II CD Block is one of the areas of Bardhaman district which is affected by a low level of arsenic contamination of ground water.

External links

District map showing blocks

References

{{Purba Bardhaman topics Community development blocks in Purba Bardhaman district