''Melarhaphe'' is a monotypic

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Littorinidae The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide. Names In English-speaking countries, gastropod molluscs from o ...

, the winkles or periwinkles.Bouchet, P.; Reid, David G. (2012). Melarhaphe Menke, 1828. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=446368 on 2012-08-23

Species

Species within the genus ''Melarhaphe'' include: * ''

Melarhaphe neritoides ''Melarhaphe neritoides'', common name : the small periwinkle, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. This species was previously known as ''Littorina neritoides''. ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Melarhaphe blanfordi'' Dunker, 1871: synonym of ''

Littoraria articulata ''Littoraria articulata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. Distribution Vietnam. Description Ecology ''Littoraria articulata'' is a predominantly mangrove-associated ...

'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Melarhaphe induta'' (Westerlund, 1898): synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Melarhaphe oliveri'' Finlay, 1930: synonym of ''

Austrolittorina antipodum ''Austrolittorina antipodum'', known as the banded periwinkle, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod in the winkles and periwinkles family, Littorinidae. It is found in New Zealand. It occurs in New Zealand New Zealand ( m ...

'' (Philippi, 1847) * ''Melarhaphe scabra'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of '' Littoraria scabra'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Melarhaphe subgranosa'' Dunker in Dunker & Zelebor, 1866: synonym of ''

Echinolittorina leucosticta ''Echinolittorina leucosticta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae The Littorinidae are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine (ocean), ...

'' (Philippi, 1847) * ''Melarhaphe undulata'' (Gray, 1839): synonym of ''

Littoraria undulata ''Littoraria undulata'', common name the robust shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. Description Up to 2 cm, with dull brown coloration, occasionally darker on ...

'' (Gray, 1839) * ''Melarhaphe zelandiae'' Finlay, 1927: synonym of ''

Austrolittorina cincta ''Austrolittorina cincta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles, found in and endemic to New Zealand. Commonly called the ''brown periwinkle'', or ''ngaeti'' in the Māori ...

'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

References

* Reid, D.G. (1986). ''The littorinid molluscs of mangrove forests in the Indo-Pacific region''. British Museum (Natural History), London * Reid, D. G. 1989. ''The Comparative Morphology, Phylogeny and Evolution of the Gastropod Family, Littorinidae''. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 324: 1-110. Littorinidae {{Littorinidae-stub