The following is a timeline of major events in post-classical history from the 5th to 15th centuries, loosely corresponding to the

Old World The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by the ...

Middle Ages, intermediate between Late Antiquity and the early modern period.

Overview

This timetable gives a basic overview of states, cultures and events which transpired roughly between the years 200 and 1500. Sections are broken by political and geographic location. ImageSize = width:1000 height:435 PlotArea = width:720 height:385 left:65 bottom:20 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.17,0.81,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:span value:rgb(0.9,0.8,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.15) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:200 till:1500 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:200 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10 start:200 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line, black) width:15 shift:(0,-3) bar:Timeframe color:era from: 476 till: 1000 text:

Early period Early may refer to: History * The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.: ** Early Christianity ** Early modern Europe Places in the United States * Early, Iowa * Early, Texas * Early ...

from: 1000 till: 1300 text: High period from: 1300 till: 1450 text: Late period bar:Timeframe color:filler from: 200 till:476 shift:(0,-7) text:( Iron Age) from: 200 till:476 shift:(0,4) text: Ancient from: 1450 till: 1500 shift:(2,4) text:

Modern Modern may refer to: History * Modern history ** Early Modern period ** Late Modern period *** 18th century *** 19th century *** 20th century ** Contemporary history * Moderns, a faction of Freemasonry that existed in the 18th century Phil ...

from: 1450 till: 1500 shift:(2,-7) text: (Early) bar:Europe color:filler from: 200 till:476 text:

Antiquity Antiquity or Antiquities may refer to: Historical objects or periods Artifacts *Antiquities, objects or artifacts surviving from ancient cultures Eras Any period before the European Middle Ages (5th to 15th centuries) but still within the histo ...

from: 1400 till: 1500 text: Renaissance bar:Europe color:age from: 476 till: 700 text: Migration from: 700 till:950 shift:(0,4) text: Feudalism from: 700 till:950 shift:(0,-7) text:( Manorialism) from: 950 till: 1100 text: Urbanization from: 1100 till: 1240 text: Crusades from: 1240 till: 1250 text: Mongols from: 1250 till: 1400 text: Crisis bar:Scandinavia color:filler from: 200 till: 400 text: Roman Iron bar:Scandinavia color:age from: 400 till: 700 text: Germanic Iron from: 700 till: 1100 shift:(0,4) text: Vikings from: 700 till: 1100 shift:(0,-7) text:( Norsemen) from: 1100 till: 1400 shift:(0,4) text: Christianization from: 1100 till: 1400 shift:(4,-7) text:( Northern Crusades) from: 1400 till: 1500 text:

Kalmar Union The Kalmar Union (Danish language, Danish, Norwegian language, Norwegian, and sv, Kalmarunionen; fi, Kalmarin unioni; la, Unio Calmariensis) was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden, that from 1397 to 1523 joined under ...

bar:E.Europe color:filler from: 370 till: 500 shift:(15,4) text:

Hunnic Empire The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th century AD. According to European tradition, they were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was part ...

from: 200 till: 500 shift:(0,-7) text: Sarmatians bar:E.Europe color:age from: 500 till: 700 text: Migration from: 700 till: 864 text: Rus' Khaganate from: 864 till: 1237 text: Kievan Rus' from: 1237 till: 1240 shift:(0,4) text: Mongols from: 1240 till: 1283 shift:(0,-7) text: G H from: 1283 till: 1400 text:

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

from: 1400 till: 1500 text: Moscow bar:Germany color:filler from: 200 till: 481 shift:(15,0) text: Germanic Wars bar:Germany color:age from: 481 till: 751 text: Francia from: 751 till: 843 text:

Carolingians The Carolingian dynasty (; known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charlemagne, grandson of mayor Charles Martel and a descendant of the Arnulfing and Pippin ...

from: 843 till: 987 text: E. Francia from: 987 till: 1495 text: Holy Roman Empire bar:Germany color:filler from: 1495 till: 1500 text: I.R bar:France color:filler from: 200 till: 455 text: Roman Gaul from: 455 till: 481 text: Germanic Wars bar:France color:age from: 481 till: 751 text: Francia from: 751 till: 843 text:

from: 843 till: 987 text: W. Francia from: 987 till: 1453 text: Medieval France from: 1337 till: 1453 text: 100 Years' War bar:France color:filler from: 1453 till: 1500 text: E.M.F bar:Italy color:filler from: 200 till: 476 text: Roman Empire from: 476 till: 493 text: OdKI from: 493 till: 553 text: OKI from: 553 till: 568 text: B.E bar:Italy color:age from: 568 till: 774 text: Lombards from: 774 till: 855 text: Francia from: 855 till: 1494 text: Medieval Italy bar:Italy color:filler from: 1494 till: 1500 text: I.W bar:England color:filler from: 200 till: 407 text: Roman Britain from: 407 till: 500 text:

Sub-Roman Sub-Roman Britain is the period of late antiquity in Great Britain between the End of Roman rule in Britain, end of Roman rule and the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, Anglo-Saxon settlement. The term was originally used to describe archaeo ...

bar:England color:age from: 500 till: 927 shift:(0,4) text:

Anglo-Saxon England Anglo-Saxon England or Early Medieval England, existing from the 5th to the 11th centuries from the end of Roman Britain until the Norman conquest in 1066, consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 927, when it was united as the Kingdom o ...

from: 500 till: 927 shift:(0,-7) text:( Heptarchy) from: 927 till: 1485 text: Medieval England bar:England color:filler from: 1485 till: 1500 text: E.M.B bar:Iberia color:filler from: 200 till: 418 text: Roman Empire bar:Iberia color:age from: 418 till: 711 text: Visigothic Kingdom from: 711 till: 1500 shift:(0,4) text: Al-Andalus from: 711 till: 756 shift:(0,-7) text: Muslim conquests from: 756 till: 1031 shift:(0,-7) text: Córdoba Caliphate from: 1031 till: 1492 shift:(0,-7) text: Reconquista from: 1414 till: 1492 shift:(0,-7) text: Early discoveries bar:Iberia color:filler from: 1492 till: 1500 shift:(0,7) text: D.A bar:Balkans color:filler from: 200 till: 476 text: Roman Empire bar:Balkans color:age from: 476 till: 850 text: Byzantine Empire from: 850 till: 950 text: 1st Bulgarian Empire from: 950 till: 1185 text: Byzantine Empire from: 1185 till: 1389 text: 2nd Bulgarian Empire from: 1389 till: 1453 text: O.R bar:Balkans color:filler from: 1453 till: 1500 text: O.E bar:Anatolia color:filler from: 200 till: 476 text: Roman Empire bar:Anatolia color:age from: 476 till: 1453 text: Byzantine Empire from: 1007 till: 1308 text:

Sultanate of Rum fa, سلجوقیان روم () , status = , government_type = Hereditary monarchyTriarchy (1249–1254)Diarchy (1257–1262) , year_start = 1077 , year_end = 1308 , p1 = By ...

from: 1299 till: 1453 text: Ottoman Rising bar:Anatolia color:filler from: 1453 till: 1500 text: O.E bar:Iran color:filler from: 200 till: 224 text:

P.E Physical education, often abbreviated to Phys Ed. or P.E., is a subject taught in schools around the world. It is usually taught during primary and secondary education, and encourages psychomotor learning by using a play and movement exploratio ...

from: 224 till: 651 text:

Sasanian Empire The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the History of Iran, last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th cen ...

bar:Iran color:age from: 651 till: 821 text: Arab Caliphates from: 821 till: 1061 text: Intermezzo from: 1037 till: 1194 text: Seljuk Empire from: 1194 till: 1231 text: from: 1231 till: 1335 text: Ilkhanate from: 1335 till: 1380 text: from: 1380 till: 1468 text:

Timurid Timurid refers to those descended from Timur (Tamerlane), a 14th-century conqueror: * Timurid dynasty, a dynasty of Turco-Mongol lineage descended from Timur who established empires in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ** Timurid Empire of C ...

from: 1468 till: 1500 text: A.Q bar:India color:filler from: 200 till: 590 shift:(0,4) text: Indian Middle kingdoms from: 240 till: 590 text: Gupta Empire bar:India color:age from: 590 till: 1200 shift:(0,4) text: Indian Middle kingdoms from: 848 till: 1279 text: Chola Empire from: 1200 till: 1500 shift:(0,5) text:

Delhi Sultanate The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).

from: 1336 till: 1500 text:

Vijaynagara Empire Vijayanagara () was the capital city of the historic Vijayanagara Empire. Located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River, it spread over a large area and included the modern era Group of Monuments at Hampi site in Vijayanagara district, Bella ...

bar:C.Asia color:filler from: 200 till: 632 shift:(0,4) text: Scythians from: 400 till: 632 shift:(0,-7) text: Hephthalites bar:C.Asia color:age from: 632 till: 800 text: Muslim conquests from: 800 till: 1000 text: Samanids from: 1000 till: 1200 text: Khwārazm-Shāh from: 1200 till: 1250 text: Mongols from: 1250 till: 1500 shift:(0,-7) text: Chagatai Khanate from: 1250 till: 1500 shift:(0,4) text: Golden Horde bar:China color:filler from: 200 till: 220 text: H D bar:China color:age from: 220 till: 280 text: 3 K from: 280 till: 420 text: Jin Dynasty from: 400 till: 585 shift:(0,4) text: Six Dynasties from: 585 till: 618 text: Sui from: 618 till: 907 text:

Tang Tang or TANG most often refers to: * Tang dynasty * Tang (drink mix) Tang or TANG may also refer to: Chinese states and dynasties * Jin (Chinese state) (11th century – 376 BC), a state during the Spring and Autumn period, called Tang (唐) b ...

from: 907 till: 960 text: 5 Dynasties, 10 Kingdoms from: 960 till: 1275 text: Liao, Song, Jin from: 1275 till: 1368 text: Great Yuan bar:China color:filler from: 1368 till: 1500 text:

Great Ming The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han peop ...

bar:Japan color:filler from: 200 till: 250 shift:(0,4) text: Yayoi from: 250 till: 538 shift:(0,4) text:

Yamato was originally the area around today's Sakurai City in Nara Prefecture of Japan, which became Yamato Province and by extension a name for the whole of Japan. Yamato is also the dynastic name of the ruling Imperial House of Japan. Japanese his ...

from: 250 till: 538 shift:(0,-4) text:

Kofun are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. ''Kofun'' were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century CE.岡田裕之「前方後円墳」『日本古代史大辞典』� ...

bar:Japan color:age from: 538 till: 710 shift:(0,4) text:

from: 538 till: 710 shift:(0,-4) text:

Asuka Asuka may refer to: People * Asuka (name), a list of people * Asuka (wrestler), professional wrestler * Asuka (wrestler, born 1998), professional wrestler also known as Veny outside of Japan Places In Japan * , an area in Yamato Province (now N ...

from: 710 till: 794 text: Nara from: 794 till: 1185 text:

Heian The Japanese word Heian (平安, lit. "peace") may refer to: * Heian period, an era of Japanese history * Heian-kyō Heian-kyō was one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto. It was the official capital of Japan for over one ...

from: 1185 till: 1333 text:

Kamakura is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Kamakura has an estimated population of 172,929 (1 September 2020) and a population density of 4,359 persons per km² over the total area of . Kamakura was designated as a city on 3 November 1939. Kamak ...

from: 1333 till: 1336 text: Kenmu from: 1336 till: 1500 text: Muromachi bar:Korea color:filler from: 200 till: 300 text:

Samhan Samhan, or Three Han, is the collective name of the Byeonhan, Jinhan, and Mahan confederacies that emerged in the first century BC during the Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea, or Samhan, period. Located in the central and southern regions of t ...

bar:Korea color:age from: 300 till: 668 shift:(0,-4) text: Three Kingdoms of Korea from: 400 till: 935 shift:(0,4) text: Silla from: 698 till: 926 shift:(0,-4) text:

North South States Period The Northern and Southern States period (698–926 CE) is the period in Korean history when Later Silla, Unified Silla and Balhae coexisted in the south and north of the peninsula, respectively. Unified Silla After the unification wars, the ...

from: 918 till: 1392 shift:(0,-4) text: Goryeo bar:Korea color:filler from: 1392 till: 1500 shift:(0,-4) text:

Joseon Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...

bar:Egypt color:filler from: 200 till: 476 text: Roman Empire bar:Egypt color:age from: 476 till: 641 text: Byzantine Empire from: 641 till: 750 text: Muslim conquests from: 750 till: 969 text:

Abbasids The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...

from: 969 till: 1171 text:

Fatimids The Fatimid Caliphate was an Isma'ilism, Ismaili Shia Islam, Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the ea ...

from: 1171 till: 1250 text: Ayyubids from: 1250 till: 1500 text:

Mamluks Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') i ...

bar:W.Africa color:filler from: 200 till: 300 text: Iron Age bar:W.Africa color:age from: 300 till: 1200 text:

Ghana Empire The Ghana Empire, also known as Wagadou ( ar, غانا) or Awkar, was a West African empire based in the modern-day southeast of Mauritania and western Mali that existed from c. 300 until 1100. The Empire was founded by the Soninke people, ...

from: 1200 till: 1500 text:

Mali Empire The Mali Empire ( Manding: ''Mandé''Ki-Zerbo, Joseph: ''UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century'', p. 57. University of California Press, 1997. or Manden; ar, مالي, Māl ...

bar:W.Africa color:filler from: 1464 till: 1500 text:

Songhai Empire The Songhai Empire (also transliterated as Songhay) was a state that dominated the western Sahel/Sudan in the 15th and 16th century. At its peak, it was one of the largest states in African history. The state is known by its historiographical ...

bar:Ethiopia color:filler from: 200 till: 600 text:

Kingdom of Aksum The Kingdom of Aksum ( gez, መንግሥተ አክሱም, ), also known as the Kingdom of Axum or the Aksumite Empire, was a kingdom centered in Northeast Africa and South Arabia from Classical antiquity to the Middle Ages. Based primarily in wh ...

bar:Ethiopia color:age from: 600 till: 960 text:Post-Aksumite Period from: 960 till: 1270 text: Zagwe dynasty from: 1270 till: 1500 text: Ethiopian Empire bar:USA color:filler from: 200 till: 500 text: Hopewell bar:USA color:age from: 500 till: 650 text:Classic from: 500 till: 1500 shift:(0,4) text:

Precolombian In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era spans from the original settlement of North and South America in the Upper Paleolithic period through European colonization, which began with Christopher Columbus's voyage of 1492. Usually, th ...

from: 800 till: 1500 shift:(0,-4) text:

Mississippian culture The Mississippian culture was a Native Americans in the United States, Native American civilization that flourished in what is now the Midwestern United States, Midwestern, Eastern United States, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from appr ...

bar:Mexico color:filler from: 200 till: 250 text:Preclassic bar:Mexico color:age from: 250 till: 1500 shift:(-28,3) text: Mesoamerica from: 250 till: 900 shift:(0,5) text: Classic from: 250 till: 746 text: Teotihuacan from: 900 till: 1500 shift:(0,-4) text:Postclassic from: 950 till: 1150 text:

Toltecs The Toltec culture () was a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican culture that ruled a state centered in Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico, during the Epiclassic and the early Post-Classic period of Mesoamerican chronology, reaching prominence from 950 to 1150 CE. T ...

from: 1430 till: 1500 text:

Aztec Empire The Aztec Empire or the Triple Alliance ( nci, Ēxcān Tlahtōlōyān, Help:IPA/Nahuatl, �jéːʃkaːn̥ t͡ɬaʔtoːˈlóːjaːn̥ was an alliance of three Nahua peoples, Nahua altepetl, city-states: , , and . These three city-states ruled ...

bar:Peru color:age from: 200 till: 1500 shift:(-28,3) text: Andean civilization from: 200 till: 600 shift:(0,-4) text:

Early Intermediate This is a chart of cultural periods of Peru and the Andean Region developed by John Rowe and Edward Lanning and used by some archaeologists studying the area. An alternative dating system was developed by Luis Lumbreras and provides different dat ...

from: 600 till: 1000 shift:(0,-4) text:

Wari Empire The Wari Empire or Huari Empire was a political formation that emerged around 600 CE in Peru's Ayacucho Basin and grew to cover much of coastal and highland Peru. The empire lasted for about 500 years, until 1100 CE. It existed during the same era ...

from: 1000 till: 1438 shift:(0,-4) text: Late Intermediate from: 1438 till: 1500 shift:(0,-4) text: Inca Empire :: ''Dates are approximate range (based upon influence), consult particular article for details'' :: Middle Ages Divisions, Middle Ages Themes Other themes

Early post-classical history

5th and 6th centuries some of the 7th centuries

7th century

8th century

9th century

10th century

Middle post-classical history

11th century

12th century

13th century

}), a rival of

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

. Unable to raise enough funds to pay to their

Venetian Venetian often means from or related to: * Venice, a city in Italy * Veneto, a region of Italy * Republic of Venice (697–1797), a historical nation in that area Venetian and the like may also refer to: * Venetian language, a Romance language s ...

contractors, the crusaders agreed to sack the city despite letters from Pope Innocent III forbidding such an action and threatening excommunication. , , Siege of Zara was the first major Crusade's action and the first attack against a Catholic city by Catholic crusaders. , - , 1202 , , 1 August , ,

Battle of Mirebeau The Battle of Mirebeau was a battle in 1202 between the House of Lusignan-Breton alliance and the Kingdom of England. King John of England successfully smashed the Lusignan army by surprise. Background After Richard I's death on 6 April 1199 ...

. John of England captures

Arthur I of Brittany Arthur I ( br, Arzhur 1añ; french: link=no, Arthur 1er de Bretagne) (29 March 1187 – presumably 1203) was 4th Earl of Richmond and Duke of Brittany between 1196 and 1203. He was the posthumous son of Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, and Constan ...

and Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany sister of Arthur. , , John secured his English throne with Arthur disappeared in 1203 and Eleanor imprisoned till her death in 1241. , - , 1204 , , , , Sack of Constantinople during the

Fourth Crusade The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first defeating the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid S ...

. , , Considered to be the beginning of the decline of the Byzantine Empire. , - , 1205 , , , , Battle of Adrianople. The Bulgarians under Emperor

Kaloyan Kaloyan or Kalojan, also known as Ioannitsa or Johannitsa ( bg, Калоян, Йоаница; 1170 – October 1207), was emperor or tsar of Second Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria from 1196 to 1207. He was the younger brother of Peter II of Bulgari ...

defeat Baldwin I. , , Beginning of the decline of the Latin Empire. , - , 1206 , , , ,

Genghis Khan ''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan'' , birth_name = Temüjin , successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan , spouse = , issue = , house = Borjigin , ...

was elected as

Khagan Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:; or ''Khagan''; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣 ), or , tr, Kağan or ; ug, قاغان, Qaghan, Mongolian Script: ; or ; fa, خاقان ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan ...

of the Mongols and the

Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, ...

was established. , , The Mongols would conquer much of Eurasia, changing former political borders. , - , 1208 , , , , Pope Innocent III calls for the

Albigensian Crusade The Albigensian Crusade or the Cathar Crusade (; 1209–1229) was a military and ideological campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, southern France. The Crusade was prosecuted primarily by the French crown ...

which seeks to destroy a rival form of Christianity practiced by the Cathars. , - , 1209 , , , , The University of Cambridge is founded. , , , - , 1209 , , , , Founding of the

Franciscan Order , image = FrancescoCoA PioM.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans , abbreviation = OFM , predecessor = , ...

. , , One of the more significant orders in the Roman Catholic church, founded by

Saint Francis of Assisi Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Francesco d'Assisi; – 3 October 1226), was a Mysticism, mystic Italian Catholic Church, Catholic friar, founder of the Franciscans, and one of the most vener ...

. , - , 1212 , , , , Spanish Christians succeed in defeating the Moors in the long Reconquista campaigns, after the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa., , By 1238, only the small southern Emirate of Granada remained under

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

control. , - , 1214 , , 27 June , , Battle of Bouvines. , , King John of England gave up his ambition to recover his continental lands. , - , 1215 , , 15 June , , The

Magna Carta (Medieval Latin for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called (also ''Magna Charta''; "Great Charter"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the ...

is sealed by John of England. , , This marks one of the first times a medieval ruler is forced to accept limits on his power. , - , 1215 , , , , Fourth Lateran Council. Dealt with transubstantiation, papal primacy and conduct of clergy. Proclaimed that Jews and Muslims should wear identification marks to distinguish them from Christians. , , , - , 1216 , , , , Papal recognition of the Dominican Order. , , , - , 1219 , , , ,

Serbian Orthodox Church The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches. The majori ...

becomes autocephalous under

St. Sava Saint Sava ( sr, Свети Сава, Sveti Sava, ; Old Church Slavonic: ; gr, Άγιος Σάββας; 1169 or 1174 – 14 January 1236), known as the Enlightener, was a Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalous ...

, its first

Archbishop In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdi ...

. , - , 1227 , , 18 August , ,

dies. , , His kingdom is divided among his children and grandchildren: Empire of the Great Khan, Chagatai Khanate, Mongolian Homeland, and the Blue Horde and White Horde (which would later become the Golden Horde). , - , 1237–1240 , , , , Mongol invasion of Rus' resumes. , , Causes the split of Kievan Rus' into three components (present day Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, greatly effects various regions of raided lands in other parts of Europe; Golden Horde formed. , - , 1246 , , , , Election of Güyük Khan. , , Güyük ruled the

from 1246 to 1248. , - , 1250 , , , ,

Louis IX Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis or Louis the Saint, was King of France from 1226 to 1270, and the most illustrious of the Direct Capetians. He was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the d ...

is captured at the last major battle of the Seventh Crusade. , , , - , 1257 , , , , Opening of the College of Sorbonne. , , , - , 1257 , , , , Provisions of Oxford forced upon Henry III of England. , , This establishes a new form of government-limited regal authority. , - , 1258 , , 29 January– 10 February , , Siege of Baghdad , , Mongols (the Ilkhanate) ensure control of the region; Generally considered the end of the Islamic Golden Age. , - , 1258 , , The first Mongol invasion of Vietnam , The Mongol army was defeated by emperor Tran Thai Tong of Đại Việt. , - , 1272–73 , , , , The Ninth Crusade occurs. , , Considered to be the Last Major Crusade to take place in the

Holy Land The Holy Land; Arabic: or is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine. The term "Holy ...

. , - , 1273 , , 29 September , ,

Rudolph I of Germany Rudolf I (1 May 1218 – 15 July 1291) was the first King of Germany from the House of Habsburg. The first of the count-kings of Germany, he reigned from 1273 until his death. Rudolf's election marked the end of the Great Interregnum which h ...

is elected Holy Roman Emperor. , , This begins the

Habsburg The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...

''de facto'' domination of the crown that lasted until is dissolution in 1806. , - , 1274 , , , , Thomas Aquinas' work, '' Summa Theologica'' is published, after his death. , , Is the main staple of theology during the Middle Ages. , - , 1279 , , 19 March , , Battle of Yamen. , , Marks the end of the Song Dynasty in China, and all of China is under the rule of

Kublai Khan Kublai ; Mongolian script: ; (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder of the Yuan dynasty of China and the fifth khagan-emperor of th ...

as the emperor. , - , 1282 , , , , Sicilian Vespers. Sicilians massacre Angevins over a six-week period, after a Frenchman, harassed a woman. , , Would mark a two-decade period of war, and peace treaties mainly between

Aragon Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to sou ...

, Sicily, and the Angevins. , - , 1283 , , , , First regulated

Catalan Courts The Catalan Courts or General Court of Catalonia ( ca, Corts Catalanes or ) was the policymaking and parliamentary body of the Principality of Catalonia from the 13th to the 18th century. Composed by the king and the three estates of the realm ...

. , , Presided by king

Peter III of Aragon Peter III of Aragon ( November 1285) was King of Aragon, King of Valencia (as ), and Count of Barcelona (as ) from 1276 to his death. At the invitation of some rebels, he conquered the Kingdom of Sicily and became King of Sicily in 1282, pres ...

for the whole

Principality of Catalonia The Principality of Catalonia ( ca, Principat de Catalunya, la, Principatus Cathaloniæ, oc, Principat de Catalonha, es, Principado de Cataluña) was a Middle Ages, medieval and early modern state (polity), state in the northeastern Iberian P ...

, it became in one of the first parliamentary bodies that banned the royal power to create legislation unilaterally. , - , 1285 , , The second Mongol invasion of Vietnam. , The Mongol army was defeated by emperor Tran Nhan Tong and general Tran Hung Dao. , - , 1287 , , The third Mongol invasion of Vietnam. , Decisive Vietnam victory. To avoid further conflict, Đại Việt agreed to a tributary relationship with the Yuan dynasty. , - , 1293 , , Mongol invasion of Java. , Failed invasion of the Javanese Majapahit Kingdom. Which led Majapahit to rise as a significant regional power.. , - , 1296 , , , , Edward I of England invades Scotland, starting the First War of Scottish Independence. , , , - , 1297 , , 11 September , , The Battle of Stirling Bridge. , , William Wallace emerges as the leader of the Scottish resistance to England. , - , , 1298 , , , ,

Marco Polo Marco Polo (, , ; 8 January 1324) was a Venetian merchant, explorer and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295. His travels are recorded in ''The Travels of Marco Polo'' (also known as ''Book of the Marv ...

publishes his tales of China, along with

Rustichello da Pisa Rustichello da Pisa, also known as Rusticiano (fl. late 13th century), was an Italian Romance (heroic literature), romance writer in Franco-Italian language. He is best known for co-writing Marco Polo's autobiography, ''The Travels of Marco Polo' ...

. , , A key step to the bridging of Asia and Europe in trade. , - , 1299 , , 27 July , , The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman I. , , Becomes longest lasting Islamic Empire, lasting over 600 years into the 20th century.

Overview

Early post-classical history

5th and 6th centuries some of the 7th centuries

7th century

8th century

9th century

10th century

Middle post-classical history

11th century

12th century

13th century

Late Post-classical history

14th century

15th century

See also

References