The VCU Medical Center is
Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) is a public research university in Richmond, Virginia. VCU was founded in 1838 as the medical department of Hampden–Sydney College, becoming the Medical College of Virginia in 1854. In 1968, the Virgini ...
's medical campus located in downtown
Richmond, Virginia
(Thus do we reach the stars)
, image_map =
, mapsize = 250 px
, map_caption = Location within Virginia
, pushpin_map = Virginia#USA
, pushpin_label = Richmond
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, in the
Court End
250px, 1000 block E. Clay Street
Court End is a neighborhood in Richmond, Virginia, that sits to the north of the Capitol Square and East Broad Street. It developed in the Federal era, after Virginia's capital moved from Williamsburg.
Boun ...
neighborhood. VCU Medical Center used to be known as the Medical College of Virginia (MCV), which merged with the
Richmond Professional Institute
The Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) was an educational institution established in 1917 which merged with the Medical College of Virginia to form Virginia Commonwealth University. RPI was located on what is now known as the Monroe Park Campus ...
in 1968 to create
Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) is a public research university in Richmond, Virginia. VCU was founded in 1838 as the medical department of Hampden–Sydney College, becoming the Medical College of Virginia in 1854. In 1968, the Virgini ...
. In the 1990s, the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals Authority was created to oversee MCV Hospitals. In 2004, the name of this authority was changed to the VCU Health System, and the MCV Hospitals and surrounding campus were named the VCU Medical Center. The authority oversees the employees and real estate occupied by the five schools within the VCU Medical Center. It was at this time that the MCV Campus moniker was created.
West Hospital houses various clinical, administrative, and support services of the hospitals of the VCU Medical Center; clinical, academic, and administrative units of the School of Medicine; and academic and administrative units of the School of Allied Health Professions. In addition to the adult hospital,
Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU
Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU (CHoR) is a nationally ranked pediatric acute care children's hospital located within VCU Medical Center in Richmond, Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. The hospital has 144 pediatric beds. It is affiliated with T ...
is located on the campus. Today the VCU Medical Center is composed of the hospitals and five schools—
College of Health Professions,
School of Dentistry,
School of Medicine
A medical school is a tertiary educational institution, or part of such an institution, that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians. Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MB ...
,
School of Nursing
Nurse education consists of the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals. This education is provided to student nurses by experienced nurses and other med ...
, School of Pharmacy—and is located on the MCV Campus, adjacent to the
Virginia BioTechnology Research Park
The VA Bio+Tech Park is a 34-acre commercial life sciences hub in downtown Richmond, Virginia adjacent to the VCU Medical Center at Virginia Commonwealth University. The park was incorporated in 1992 and opened in 1995. It houses nearly 70 public ...
.
The VCU Medical Center
VCU Medical Center has 865 licensed beds with a total of 85,700 emergency room visits in 2012. There were 558,385 outpatient clinic visits and a total of 20,506 surgeries.
Academic rankings
School of Allied Health Professions
* 1st – Nurse Anesthesia
* 3rd – Health Services Administration
* 7th – Rehabilitation Counseling
* 15th – Occupational Therapy
* 19th – Physical Therapy
School of Nursing
* 36th – Nursing
School of Medicine
* 72nd – Research
* 49th – Primary Care
School of Pharmacy
* 21st – Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science
* 17th – Pharmacy
Hospital rankings
* 2nd – Overall hospital ranking in the state of Virginia
*44th – Cardiology
*29th – Pediatric Urology (CHoR)
*46th – Urology
*38th – Cancer
* 41st – Heart & Heart Surgery
* 20th – Rehabilitation
* 36th – Kidney Disorders
Expansion
New construction
New Children's Hospital – The Wonder Tower is slated to open in 2023. The new facility will house 72 private rooms; an emergency department; expanded child life services; family amenities; additional operating rooms and imaging capabilities.
Recently constructed
*
Massey Cancer Center – An , $41.8 million building, with 72 research labs and a two-level, 109-car parking lot
* Critical Care Hospital – Central Virginia's only level-one trauma center, the 15-story Critical Care Hospital specializes in intensive care
* Medical Sciences Building II – a research lab
* W. Baxter Perkinson Jr Building – School of Dentistry. A addition to the School of Dentistry on Leigh Street that houses research, clinic and teaching space
* New School of Nursing – an additional of research and training space for the VCU nursing program
* MCV Campus Recreation Center – a addition to the Recreation and Aquatic Center
* Larrick Student Center – renovated MCV campus dining court
History of the VCU Medical Center
VCU created an online timeline, now at Archive.org, that goes from 1838 to 2009.
Founding
On December 1, 1837, the president and trustees of Hampden–Sydney College created a medical department to be located at Richmond.
Founders of the college
* Dr. Richard Lafon Bohannan – Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children
[ Hoke 1963: 6]
* Dr. Lewis Webb Chamberlayne – Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics
[ Hoke 1963: 7]
* Dr. John Cullen – Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine
* Dr. Augustus Lockman Warner – Dean and Professor of Surgery and Surgical Anatomy
* Dr. Socrates Maupin – Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy
* Dr. Thomas Johnson – Professor of Anatomy and Physiology
First year
![MCV 1870](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/MCV_1870.jpg)
MCV opened on November 5, 1838, in the old Union Hotel located at the corner of Nineteenth and Main streets.
The college began as the Medical Department of
Hampden-Sydney College
Hampden Sydney is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince Edward County, Virginia, United States. The population was 1,450 at the 2010 census.
Hampden Sydney is the home of Hampden–Sydney College, a private all-male college that is the tenth- ...
. There were forty-six students enrolled in the first class, which lasted from November 5, 1838 – April 4, 1839. Students paid $20 to the professors for each of the six courses.
1850–1861
The Medical Department of Hampden-Sydney College received an independent charter from the
General Assembly
A general assembly or general meeting is a meeting of all the members of an organization or shareholders of a company.
Specific examples of general assembly include:
Churches
* General Assembly (presbyterian church), the highest court of presby ...
in 1854, and became the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Shortly thereafter, in 1860, it transferred all its property to the Commonwealth and became a state institution. There had not been a separate hospital where patients could be housed within the college buildings since the beginning. A new hospital, known as the College Infirmary, was built at a cost of $22,336.57 and opened in April, 1861.
Civil War
Soon the
Civil War
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
erupted, and the college found itself playing an important role in the education of Confederate surgeons and in the hospital care of sick and wounded military personnel. During the war, the school remained open, and it graduated a class every year throughout the conflict. The MCV is the only Southern medical school still in existence to have done so.
1866–1882
![Solomon Marable dissection](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Solomon_Marable_dissection.jpg)
For several years after the Civil War, the faculty included James Brown McCaw, a member of a family long prominent in the medical field, who had commanded a Confederate hospital.
McCaw served as a professor, dean of the faculty, and president of the board of visitors.
The youngest of McCaw's nine children,
Walter McCaw
Walter Drew McCaw (February 10, 1863 – July 7, 1939) was a career officer in the United States Army. A medical doctor, he served as an army surgeon and attained the rank of brigadier general. A veteran of the Spanish–American War, Philippineâ ...
, was gifted academically and completed his medical degree at the Virginia College of Medicine in 1882, when he was only nineteen.
In 1867, the college's first outpatient clinic was established, when the faculty agreed to cooperate with the Freedmen's Bureau and the City of Richmond in the establishment of a "dispensary for the relief of the sick poor, both white and colored."
In the late 1800s, African-American janitor Chris Baker became notorious for obtaining cadavers for dissection by students. One case in 1898 was subject to an exposé by ''
Richmond Planet'' publisher
John Mitchell Jr. and included grisly sketches of the proceedings. Baker's success, however, led to one professor saying in 1898 that the school could be called "Chris Baker's College".
The University College of Medicine
A second medical school, the "College of Physicians and Surgeons" (later the "University College of Medicine"), was founded by Dr.
Hunter McGuire
Hunter Holmes McGuire (October 11, 1835 – September 19, 1900) was a soldier, physician, teacher, and orator. McGuire was a surgeon in the Confederate Army attached to Stonewall Jackson's command, and he continued serving with the Army of Nor ...
in 1893, just two blocks from the Egyptian Building. The new college was composed of three schools: medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy. The University College of Medicine was destined to have a lifespan of only twenty years as an independent institution. The
Flexner Report
The ''Flexner Report'' is a book-length landmark report of medical education in the United States and Canada, written by Abraham Flexner and published in 1910 under the aegis of the Carnegie Foundation. Many aspects of the present-day American me ...
of 1909 suggested that the two schools would be better off merging, which they then did in 1913, retaining the Medical College of Virginia name.
1913 Rankings with Dr. Christopher Tompkins
Dean Tompkins said in his retirement speech in 1913, "From a school whose matriculants numbered, as I can remember it, 22 during the session and whose standing amongst medical colleges in the country was so insignificant that it was not worth noticing, the matriculants have increased to—in one session—as many as 306. In a recent table compiled in December 1911, from the reports of the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association, it was found that of all the medical colleges in the United States and taking them in the order in which their graduates passed the various medical examining boards, the Medical College of Virginia stood fourth; the order in which they came being, (1) Rush, (2) Johns Hopkins, (3) Cornell, (4) Medical College of Virginia, and about one hundred and forty behind them."
Aborted consolidation with the University of Virginia
In 1920, a discussion that had gone on for years without resolution of the issues involved was revived. Repeatedly, the view had been expressed that the Medical College of Virginia and the University of Virginia Department of Medicine might well be consolidated with benefit both to the schools and to the public. In 1867, 1905, and 1913, the question had been raised; and, finally, in 1920 a serious study was undertaken. In reviewing appropriations, Governor
Westmoreland Davis
Westmoreland "Morley" Davis (; August 21, 1859September 2, 1942) was an American lawyer, politician, and the 48th Governor of Virginia, serving from February 1, 1918 to February 1, 1922.
Biography
Davis was born to a wealthy and prominent fam ...
noted that Virginia was supporting two medical schools, seemingly in competition, and surmised that this might well be uneconomic, particularly at a time when money was tight.
Acting on the Governor's recommendation, the General Assembly authorized a Commission on Medical Education. The commission made a thorough study that recommended that Virginia support only one medical school; that this school be in Richmond; that it be the Department of Medicine of the University of Virginia under the full and sole control of the Rector and Visitors of the university; and that the plan be effective upon the unconditional transfer of all Medical College of Virginia properties and assets to the Rector and Visitors of the university. The Board of Visitors of the Medical College of Virginia was in favor, and by resolution determined that the college would willingly embrace the plan should the commission's recommendations be accepted by the legislature.
Instead, the alumni of the university, under the leadership of the eminent Dr.
Hugh H. Young, of Johns Hopkins Medical School, waged a campaign to preserve the medical school at Charlottesville. The report was approved overwhelmingly in the House but died by a 24-16 tally in the Senate. In view of the state's growth, the action of the Senate was fortunate. Had the report won approval, Virginia would have found herself today facing the need to establish another medical school, with a minimum price tag of 30 million dollars. The issue of consolidation was to rise again, in 1947, but only briefly, as the handwriting on the wall was by that time quite clear.
The Great Depression and expansion
![Postcard of West Hospital Richmond, Virginia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Postcard_of_West_Hospital_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg)
The Great Depression struck the college with perhaps more force than in the case of some other institutions. MCV was struggling to secure funds without which specialized structures and trained personnel, both expensive, could not be had. Plans laid prior to 1930 with early fruition apparently possible had to be put aside, notably the projected laboratory and outpatient building. Salaries, never high, had to be cut.
However, by 1941 the modern 600-bed, 18-story MCV Hospital was completed; the Egyptian Building had been completely reconstructed to provide up-to-date facilities for the departments of bacteriology and pathology and to create the 300-seat Simon Baruch Auditorium, in the Egyptian motif, named for Dr.
Simon Baruch, class of 1862, whose distinguished son, Bernard M. Baruch, helped make the restoration possible. Also by 1941, new quarters were provided for the departments of physiology and pharmacology by adding a fourth story to McGuire Hall. In the brief span of five years, a remarkable program of physical expansion had been completed.
In 1945, a certificate in physical therapy program was created by
Frances A. Hellebrandt
1956–1963
The interest of individuals, organizations, and agencies, other than those of the Commonwealth, may be gauged by their provision, since 1956, of gifts, grants, and contracts for teaching, research, and capital improvements totaling a little over $15 million. Reflecting the stimulating influence of such support, the college is fully accredited, with university status, and alive with enthusiasm, as the faculty and staff go about their mission of providing for the education of some 1200 students enrolled in 10 schools—plus some 200 young physicians in residence for further training—of caring for the sick who occupy its 1308 beds, and, finally, of seeking new knowledge for their benefit. In 1962, the college absorbed the black students from the
St. Philip School of Nursing during the implementation of
integration
Integration may refer to:
Biology
*Multisensory integration
*Path integration
* Pre-integration complex, viral genetic material used to insert a viral genome into a host genome
*DNA integration, by means of site-specific recombinase technology, ...
. The $6.5 million Medical Education Building was completed in the summer of 1963. It was the most important addition to the physical plant of the college since the completion of the Medical College of Virginia Hospital in 1940. With the added facilities of this building, the school of medicine was able to increase enrolment from 84 to 128 students.
[ Hoke 1963: 87]
Becoming VCU
In 1968, the state legislature merged the Medical College of Virginia with the
Richmond Professional Institute
The Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) was an educational institution established in 1917 which merged with the Medical College of Virginia to form Virginia Commonwealth University. RPI was located on what is now known as the Monroe Park Campus ...
to form
Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) is a public research university in Richmond, Virginia. VCU was founded in 1838 as the medical department of Hampden–Sydney College, becoming the Medical College of Virginia in 1854. In 1968, the Virgini ...
. During this merger, the agreement stipulated that the MCV would retain its name in perpetuity. The exact title by the act was "The Medical College of Virginia Health Sciences Division of Virginia Commonwealth University."
Envisioning a great urban university
At the 1969 convocation for VCU, Dr. Brandt envisioned a great urban university, stating, "we are caught up in a thing you might call the Virginia Commonwealth University Idea. It's an exciting concept....an academic approach without precedent, VCU will become a name that will mean a great deal to you in years to come...as one of the leading educational institutions."
In 1983, the
VCU Massey Cancer Center opens.
2004 name change
The previous administration led by President
Eugene P. Trani
Eugene P. Trani, Ph.D. (born November 2, 1939 in Brooklyn, New York) is a historian, educator, academic administrator, and fourth president of Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia, serving as president from 1990 - 2009.
Dr. Trani ...
had pursued a policy of promoting the VCU name as a unified identity to the outside world. This policy had included directing faculty, staff, and students to use the VCU name, instead of MCV, in any official meetings or correspondence. This was accomplished by, first, the creation of the MCV Hospital Authority, ostensibly to better administer the MCV Hospitals, to a later name change of this Authority to the VCU Health System Authority (with MCV Hospitals being a component thereof). This Authority, under the direction of Sheldon Retchin MD, then went about changing the physical appearance of the structures and advertising materials, to include letterhead and websites. The faculty and medical students at that time were instructed to cease referring to the institution as the Medical College of Virginia. The main cited evidence for this was misrepresentation of the institution in the press. In 2004, Dr. Retchin sent an e-mail that described a 2003 front-page USA Today article that incorrectly referred to MCV as the "Virginia Medical College, a teaching arm of the University of Virginia", when in fact MCV is not a part of that university. The VCU Medical Center now resides on the MCV Campus of
Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) is a public research university in Richmond, Virginia. VCU was founded in 1838 as the medical department of Hampden–Sydney College, becoming the Medical College of Virginia in 1854. In 1968, the Virgini ...
. Since that time, the schools of that institution have been listed as a part of the VCU Medical Center rather than as a part of a university or college.
Research university
VCU expanded its research programs significantly over the decade since 2001 and has over $255 million in sponsored research. In 2010, VCU was selected by the NIH for a $20 million grant to become part of a nationwide consortium of research institutions working to turn laboratory discoveries into treatments for patients.
In 2006, VCU Health System received magnet status.
Architecture and design
*
Egyptian Building
The Egyptian Building is a historic college building in Richmond, Virginia, completed in 1845. It was the first permanent home of the Medical Department of Hampden-Sydney College (later renamed the Medical College of Virginia, MCV) and now is a pa ...
– The Egyptian Building was to fulfill "his highest conception of a building adapted in every way to the purposes for which it was dedicated." The structure was completed in 1845. The building is unusual in having been constructed in the
Egyptian Revival
Egyptian Revival is an architectural style that uses the motifs and imagery of ancient Egypt. It is attributed generally to the public awareness of ancient Egyptian monuments generated by Napoleon's conquest of Egypt and Admiral Nelson's defeat ...
style. The only other university built in this style was the College of Cape Town, South Africa, now the
University of Cape Town
The University of Cape Town (UCT) ( af, Universiteit van Kaapstad, xh, Yunibesithi ya yaseKapa) is a public research university in Cape Town, South Africa. Established in 1829 as the South African College, it was granted full university statu ...
.
* The Three Bears – The sculpture of the Three Bears, which now sits on the first floor of the Gateway Building, has served as an unofficial mascot and symbol for the MCV Hospitals for more than sixty years. Dr. William T. Sanger, President of the Medical College of Virginia from 1925 to 1956, saw the original sculpture of the bear group in January 1940. The bears, created by noted American sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington, were displayed at Brookgreen Gardens, the renowned sculpture garden and nature retreat created in South Carolina by Huntington and her husband Archer Milton Huntington. Sanger thought the bears would make a nice addition to the entrance court for the new Medical College of Virginia Hospital on Broad Street, which opened in January 1941. Huntington agreed to make a copy of the bears, and she and her husband donated the sculpture to the Medical College of Virginia on October 9, 1941. The copy of the bears was cast in stone, not the original gray bronze, because the metal was unavailable due to the war conditions in Europe. Sanger believed that the bears were an appropriate subject for a sculpture at a medical institution.
* The
West Hospital
West Hospital is a building on the Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University noted for its Art Deco architecture. It was commissioned by the Federal Works Agency;Public Works Administration and dedicated in 1940. T ...
– built in 1941, the 18 story West Hospital has 600 beds and exemplifies
art deco
Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...
architecture.
* The
Centennial Dome
The Centennial Dome, also known as the Virginia Centennial Center, was designed by Walter Dorwin Teague to serve as a focus for Virginia's efforts to publicize Virginia's Civil War history. It is one of the most modern structures ever built in ...
– torn down in 2008 and replaced by the Larrick Student Center, the dome was built on the campus in 1961, was a major part of the city's commemoration of the centennial of the Civil War, and was operated by the Civil War Centennial Commission through 1965.
References
Bibliography
*
External links
*
{{Authority control
Virginia Commonwealth University
Healthcare in Richmond, Virginia
Educational institutions established in 1838
1838 establishments in Virginia