Mazurkas, Op. 59 are a set of three

Mazurka The mazurka (Polish: ''mazur'' Polish ball dance, one of the five Polish national dances and ''mazurek'' Polish folk dance') is a Polish musical form based on stylised folk dances in triple meter, usually at a lively tempo, with character de ...

s for solo

piano The piano is a stringed keyboard instrument in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). It is played using a keyboa ...

Frédéric Chopin Frédéric François Chopin (born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin; 1 March 181017 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period, who wrote primarily for solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown as a leadin ...

. The set was composed and published in 1845.

Analysis

Mazurka in A minor, Op. 59, No. 1

''Mazurka in

A minor A minor is a minor scale based on A, with the pitches A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Its key signature has no flats and no sharps. Its relative major is C major and its parallel major is A major. The A natural minor scale is: : Changes ...

'' is the opening

piece Piece or Pieces (not to be confused with peace) may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Games * Piece (chess), pieces deployed on a chessboard for playing the game of chess * ''Pieces'' (video game), a 1994 puzzle game for the Super NES * P ...

of the set. This highly

chromatic Diatonic and chromatic are terms in music theory that are most often used to characterize scales, and are also applied to musical instruments, intervals, chords, notes, musical styles, and kinds of harmony. They are very often used as a pair, ...

Mazurka conveys a warm and comforting portrait, and concludes with an ascending

melody A melody (from Greek language, Greek μελῳδία, ''melōidía'', "singing, chanting"), also tune, voice or line, is a Linearity#Music, linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most liter ...

. ''Mazurkas Op. 59'' at Allmusic/ref>

Mazurka in A-flat major, Op. 59, No. 2

''Mazurka in

A-flat major A-flat major (or the key of A-flat) is a major scale based on A, with the pitches A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Its key signature has four flats. The A-flat major scale is: : Its relative minor is F minor. Its parallel minor, A-flat minor, ...

'' is the second and shortest of the Op. 59 mazurkas, with a typical performance lasting around 2 and a half minutes. The piece begins with a memorable main theme that Chopin varies from time to time to maintain the piece's interest. The trio section of the piece is very similar to the main

theme Theme or themes may refer to: * Theme (arts), the unifying subject or idea of the type of visual work * Theme (Byzantine district), an administrative district in the Byzantine Empire governed by a Strategos * Theme (computing), a custom graphical ...

, providing little contrast. The piece concludes with an interesting

coda Coda or CODA may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * Movie coda, a post-credits scene * ''Coda'' (1987 film), an Australian horror film about a serial killer, made for television *''Coda'', a 2017 American experimental film from Na ...

, full of

accidentals In music, an accidental is a note of a pitch (or pitch class) that is not a member of the scale or mode indicated by the most recently applied key signature. In musical notation, the sharp (), flat (), and natural () symbols, among others, ma ...

and chromatic harmonies and finishing on a tonic chord, repeated 4 times. ''Mazurka in A-flat major, Op. 59, No. 2'' at Allmusic/ref>

Mazurka in F-sharp minor, Op. 59, No. 3

''Mazurka in

F-sharp minor F-sharp minor is a minor scale based on F, consisting of the pitches F, G, A, B, C, D, and E. Its key signature has three sharps. Its relative major is A major and its parallel major is F-sharp major (or enharmonically G-flat major). T ...

'', the final piece of the set, is referring to an

oberek The oberek, also called ''obertas'' or ''ober'', is a lively Polish dance. Its name is derived from the Polish ''obracać się'' ("to spin"). It consists of many dance lifts and jumps. It is performed at a much quicker pace than the Polish waltz an ...

, a national Polish dance much faster than a mazurka. The piece begins with a memorable and powerful melody, the second theme is somewhat more joyful than the first. The left hand accompaniment of the piece experiments with descending chromatic harmonies, although this does not affect the melody which remains defined throughout the piece. An autograph manuscript housed at the

Morgan Library & Museum The Morgan Library & Museum, formerly the Pierpont Morgan Library, is a museum and research library in the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It is situated at 225 Madison Avenue, between 36th Street to the south and 37th S ...

in New York contains a complete draft of this Mazurka written in the key of

G minor G minor is a minor scale based on G, consisting of the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E, and F. Its key signature has two flats. Its relative major is B-flat major and its parallel major is G major. According to Paolo Pietropaolo, it is the cont ...

, dedicated to

Ferdinand Hiller Ferdinand (von) Hiller (24 October 1811 – 11 May 1885) was a German composer, Conductor (music), conductor, pianist, writer and music director. Biography Ferdinand Hiller was born to a wealthy Jewish family in Frankfurt am Main, where his fat ...

References

External links

* ''Mazurkas Op. 59'' at Allmusic*
Chopin Institute – Op.59 No.1Chopin Institute – Op.59 No.2

Chopin Institute – Op.59 No.3
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mazurkas, Chopin59 1845 compositions Mazurkas by Frédéric Chopin Stefan Zweig Collection Compositions in A minor Compositions in A-flat major Compositions in F-sharp minor