![Metriaclima lombardoi Male](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Metriaclima_lombardoi_Male.jpg)
''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
haplochromine
__NOTOC__
The haplochromine cichlids are a tribe of cichlids in subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae called Haplochromini. This group includes the type genus (''Haplochromis'') plus a number of closely related genera such as '' Aulonocara'', '' Astat ...
cichlid
Cichlids are fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Cichliformes. Cichlids were traditionally classed in a suborder, the Labroidei, along with the wrasses ( Labridae), in the order Perciformes, but molecular studies have contradicted this ...
s
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...
to
Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.
It is the fifth largest fre ...
in
East Africa
East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa:
Due to the historical ...
. They belong to the
mbuna
Mbuna (pronounced Mmm-boo - nah ) is the common name for a large group of African cichlids from Lake Malawi, and are members of the haplochromine family. The name ''mbuna'' means "rockfish" in the language of the Tonga people of Malawi.Loiselle ...
(rock-dwelling) haplochromines.
All
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
in this genus are relatively small fishes, less than in length. Like most Lake Malawi cichlids, exhibit brood care via maternal
mouthbrooding
Mouthbrooding, also known as oral incubation and buccal incubation, is the care given by some groups of animals to their offspring by holding them in the mouth of the parent for extended periods of time. Although mouthbrooding is performed by a va ...
. Numerous members of the genus are traded as aquarium fish. They are attractive because they are brightly colored and often very
sexually dimorphic
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the sexes of the same animal and/or plant species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most ani ...
; like other
cichlid
Cichlids are fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Cichliformes. Cichlids were traditionally classed in a suborder, the Labroidei, along with the wrasses ( Labridae), in the order Perciformes, but molecular studies have contradicted this ...
s they are not suited for beginners and for most companion tanks.
Name
The name ''Maylandia'', honours the cichlid enthusiast and author about aquaria Hans Joachim Mayland, who died in 2004,
was proposed as a
subgenus
In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.
In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...
of ''
Pseudotropheus
''Pseudotropheus'' is a genus of fishes in the family Cichlidae. These mbuna cichlids are endemic to Lake Malawi in Eastern Africa.
Taxonomy
Like some other large cichlid genera, such as ''Cichlasoma'', a number of related fishes have been recen ...
'' in 1984, naming the long-known but undescribed "
Ice Blue Zebra
William's mbuna (''Maylandia greshakei''), also known as ice blue zebra mbuna or ice blue zebra or the Pseudotropheus ice blue among the aquarium enthusiasts, is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only found at Makok ...
" as the
type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
.
In 1997 Stauffer ''et al''. described the genus ''Metriaclima'', dismissing the pre-existing ''Maylandia'' on the assumption that it lacked a type species and a diagnosis. Two years later Condé and Géry published an analysis and declared ''Metriaclima'' to be a junior synonym of ''Maylandia'', and ''Maylandia'' hence the valid name of the genus, a view accepted by most
ichthyologists
Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish (Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha). According to FishBase, 33,400 species of fish had been described as of October ...
.
A few authors, notably
Ad Konings
Adrianus Franciscus Johannes Marinus Maria "Ad" Konings (born 11 January 1956 in Roosendaal, Netherlands) is an ichthyologist originally trained in medicine and biology. Konings is best known for his research on African rift lake cichlids. After ...
, dispute that the original description of ''Maylandia'' is sufficient to establish and maintain the genus. They maintain that "Maylandia" is a ''
nomen nudum
In taxonomy, a ''nomen nudum'' ('naked name'; plural ''nomina nuda'') is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate descr ...
'' – literally, a "naked name" that does not validly refer to a group of animals as per the rules of the ''
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its publisher, the ...
''.
In the present article, following
FishBase
FishBase is a global species database of fish species (specifically finfish). It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web. ,
Catalog of Fishes
Catalog of Fishes is a comprehensive on-line database and reference work on the scientific names of fish species and genera. It is global in its scope and is hosted by the California Academy of Sciences. It has been compiled and is continuously up ...
and the
IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...
, the genus name ''Maylandia'' is used.
Species
There are currently 30 recognized species in this genus:
[
* '']Maylandia aurora
''Maylandia aurora'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only known from the southern half of Likoma Island where it prefers habitats with rocky substrates close to sand. Males of this species can reach a length of SL ...
'' ( W. E. Burgess, 1976)
* ''Maylandia barlowi
''Maylandia barlowi'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only known from the area around the Maleri Islands where it prefers areas with soft substrates. This species can reach a length of SL. It is also found in the a ...
'' ( McKaye & Stauffer, 1986)
* ''Maylandia benetos
''Maylandia benetos'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, loca ...
'' ( Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997)
* ''Maylandia callainos
''Maylandia callainos'' (sometimes referred to as cobalt zebra, cobalt blue mbuna or cobalt blue zebra cichlid) is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where they only occurred naturally in Nkhata Bay though it has now been introduced to o ...
'' ( Stauffer & Hert, 1992) (Cobalt Zebra, Cobalt Blue Mbuna)
* '' Maylandia chrysomallos'' ( Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997)
* '' Maylandia cyneusmarginatus'' ( Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997)
* '' Maylandia emmiltos'' ( Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997)
* ''Maylandia estherae
''Maylandia estherae'' (the Red Zebra mbuna, Red Zebra Cichlid , or Esther Grant's Zebra) is a haplochromine cichlid. It is a rock dwelling fish or mbuna from Lake Malawi. This fish, like most cichlids from Lake Malawi, is a mouthbrooder - fem ...
'' (Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
, 1995) (Red Zebra Mbuna, Red Zebra, Esther Grant's Zebra)
* '' Maylandia fainzilberi'' Staeck, 1976
* '' Maylandia flavicauda'' (Li, Konings & Stauffer 2016)[ Abstract]
* '' Maylandia flavifemina'' (Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
& Stauffer, 2006)
* '' Maylandia glaucos'' ( Ciccotta, Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
& Stauffer, 2011)
* '' Maylandia greshakei'' ( M. K. Meyer & W. Förster, 1984) (William's Mbuna, Ice Blue Zebra Mbuna, Ice Blue Zebra)
* ''Maylandia hajomaylandi
''Maylandia hajomaylandi'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only known from around Chisumulu Island. This species can reach a length of TL. It can also be found in the aquarium
An aquarium (plural: ''aquarium ...
'' ( M. K. Meyer & Schartl, 1984)
* ''Maylandia heteropicta
''Maylandia heteropicta'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only known from Thumbi West Island. This species can reach a length of SL. It can also be found in the aquarium
An aquarium (plural: ''aquariums'' or ...
'' Staeck, 1980
* '' Maylandia koningsi'' (Stauffer 2018) [ Abstract]
* '' Maylandia lanisticola'' ( W. E. Burgess, 1976)
* ''Maylandia livingstonii
''Maylandia livingstonii'' is a species of cichlid native to Lake Malawi and Lake Malombe. This species can reach a length of TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.Stauffer, J.R.Jr., Konings, A.F. & Ryan, T.M. (2016): Redescription of ...
'' (Boulenger Boulenger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benjamin Boulenger (born 1990), French footballer
* Edward George Boulenger (1888–1946), British zoologist, director of aquarium at London Zoo
* George Albert Boulenger (1858–1 ...
, 1899)
* ''Maylandia lombardoi
''Maylandia lombardoi'', is a long freshwater fish from the family Cichlidae. This species is popular in the aquarium hobby where it is sold under a variety of common names including: lombardoi mbuna, kenyi mbuna or kennyi mbuna or kenyi cichlid ...
'' ( W. E. Burgess, 1977) (Kennyi Mbuna, Kenyi Mbuna, Lombardoi Mbuna)
* '' Maylandia lundoensis'' ( Stauffer, K. E. Black & Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
, 2013)[Stauffer, J.R. Jr., Black, K. & Konings, A.F. (2013)]
Descriptions of five new species of ''Metriaclima'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa.
''Zootaxa, 3647 (1): 101–136.''
* ''Maylandia mbenjii
''Maylandia mbenjii'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only known from Mbenji Island. This species can reach a length of SL. It is also found in the aquarium
An aquarium (plural: ''aquariums'' or ''aquaria'') ...
'' ( Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997)
* '' Maylandia midomo'' ( Stauffer, K. E. Black & Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
, 2013)[
* '' Maylandia mossambica'' ( Ciccotta, ]Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
& Stauffer, 2011)
* '' Maylandia nigrodorsalis'' ( Stauffer, K. E. Black & Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
, 2013)[
* '']Maylandia nkhunguensis
''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima'' is a genus of haplochromine cichlids endemism, endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. They belong to the mbuna (rock-dwelling) haplochromines.
All species in this genus are relatively small fishes, less than in ...
'' ( Ciccotta, Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
& Stauffer, 2011)
* '' Maylandia pambazuko'' ( Stauffer, K. E. Black & Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
, 2013)[
* '' Maylandia phaeos'' ( Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997)
* '']Maylandia pulpican
''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima'' is a genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. They belong to the mbuna (rock-dwelling) haplochromines.
All species in this genus are relatively small fishes, less than in length. Li ...
'' (Tawil
''Ṭawīl'' ( ar, طويل, literally 'long'), or ''al-Ṭawīl'' (), is a meter used in classical Arabic poetry
Arabic poetry ( ar, الشعر العربي ''ash-shi‘ru al-‘Arabīyyu'') is the earliest form of Arabic literature. Present kn ...
, 2002)
* '' Maylandia pyrsonotos'' ( Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997)
* ''Maylandia sciasma
''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima'' is a genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. They belong to the mbuna (rock-dwelling) haplochromines.
All species in this genus are relatively small fishes, less than in length. Li ...
'' ( Ciccotta, Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
& Stauffer, 2011)
* '' Maylandia tarakiki'' ( Stauffer, K. E. Black & Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
, 2013)[
* '' Maylandia xanstomachus'' ( Stauffer & Boltz, 1989)
* '' Maylandia xanthos'' ( Ciccotta, ]Konings Konings is a Dutch surname and may refer to:
* Ad Konings (b. 1956), Dutch ichthyologist
* Anthony Konings (1821–1884), Dutch Catholic priest and Redemptorist professor
* Jean Konings (1886–1974), Belgian sprinter
*Giovanni Matteo Konin ...
& Stauffer, 2011)
* ''Maylandia zebra
The zebra mbuna (''Maylandia zebra'') is a species of cichlid endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are ...
'' (Boulenger Boulenger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benjamin Boulenger (born 1990), French footballer
* Edward George Boulenger (1888–1946), British zoologist, director of aquarium at London Zoo
* George Albert Boulenger (1858–1 ...
, 1899) (Zebra Mbuna)
Footnotes
References
* (2010)
"''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima'' – the case for ''Metriaclima''. ''eggspots'' no. 4: 39-45.
* (2007)
New ''Metriaclima'' described
'' Practical Fishkeeping, Pract. Fishkeeping''. Retrieved 2009-OCT-03.
* (1999): ''Maylandia'' Meyer et Foerster, 1984, un nom générique disponible (Teleostei, Perciformes, Cichlidae) 'Maylandia'' Meyer and Foerster, 1984, an available generic name ''Revue Française d'Aquariologie et de Herpetologie'' 26:(1-2) 21-22.
* 009 009 may refer to:
* OO9, gauge model railways
* O09, FAA identifier for Round Valley Airport
* 0O9, FAA identifier for Ward Field, see List of airports in California
* British secret agent 009, see 00 Agent
* BA 009, see British Airways Flight 9
* ...
br>''Maylandia'' species
Retrieved 2009-OCT-03.
* (2009):
2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
'. Version 2009.1. Retrieved 2009-SEP-20.
* (1998): ''Maylandia'' oder ''Metriaclima'' ''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima''" ''Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift'' 51: 813 n German
N, or n, is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''.
History
...
* (2001): ''Malawi Cichlids in their natural habitat'' (3rd ed.) Cichlid Press, USA.
* (2005)
''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima'', ...again!
Retrieved 2007-MAR-02.
* (2006): Revised diagnosis of ''Metriaclima'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with description of a new species from Lake Malawi National Park, Africa. ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters'' 17: 233-246
PDF abstract and first page
* (1984): Un nouveau ''Pseudotropheus'' du lac Malawi avec des remarques sur le complexe ''Pseudotropheus-Melanochromis'' (Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae) A new ''Pseudotropheus'' from Lake Malawi and remarks on the ''Pseudotropheus-Melanochromis'' complex" ''Revue Française d'Aquariologie et de Herpetologie'' 10: 107-112 n French
N, or n, is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''.
History
...
br>HTML fulltext
of genus description.
* (2002)
Version of 2002-JAN-07. Retrieved 2009-OCT-03.
* (2003)
Version of 2003-JAN-08. Retrieved 2009-OCT-03.
* (2009)
Version of 2009-APR-24. Retrieved 2009-OCT-03.
* (2009)
"''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima'' – still a matter of debate?. ''eggspots'' no. 2: 5-15.
* (1998): Von ''Roloffia roloffi'' und ''Maylandia hajomaylandi'' On ''Roloffia roloffi'' and ''Maylandia hajomaylandi''" ''Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift'' 51: 812-813 n German
N, or n, is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''.
History
...
* (1997): A revision of the blue-black ''Pseudotropheus zebra'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) complex from Lake Malawi, Africa, with a description of a new genus and ten new species. ''Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'' 148: 189-230
Abstract and first page image
{{Taxonbar, from=Q136396
*
Haplochromini
Cichlid genera