Max Askanazy (24 February 1865, Stallupönen,

East Prussia East Prussia ; german: Ostpreißen, label=Low Prussian; pl, Prusy Wschodnie; lt, Rytų Prūsija was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 187 ...

– 23 October 1940,

Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaki ...

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

) was a German-Swiss

pathologist Pathology is the study of the causal, causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when us ...

. In 1890 he received his medical doctorate from the

University of Königsberg The University of Königsberg (german: Albertus-Universität Königsberg) was the university of Königsberg in East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussi ...

, where he worked for several years in its pathological institute. In 1903 he obtained the title of professor. In 1905 he succeeded

Friedrich Wilhelm Zahn Friedrich Wilhelm Zahn (14 February 1845 – 1904) was a German-Swiss pathologist born in Germersheim. His eponyms include Zahn infarct and lines of Zahn. Life Zahn studied medicine at the University of Strasbourg under Friedrich Daniel von Reck ...

(1845-1904), as professor of general pathology at the

University of Geneva The University of Geneva (French: ''Université de Genève'') is a public research university located in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded in 1559 by John Calvin as a theological seminary. It remained focused on theology until the 17th centu ...

, a position he maintained until 1939. Askanazy made contributions in the fields of

hematology Hematology ( always spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the produc ...

and

parasitology Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it fo ...

, also conducting important research of

bone pathology Orthopedic pathology, also known as bone pathology is a subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and feature of many bone diseases, specifically studying the cause and effects of disorders of the musculoskeletal system. It ...

and the formation of tumors in humans. In 1898 he was the first scientist to describe

Hürthle cell A Hürthle cell is a cell in the thyroid that is often associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis as well as benign and malignant tumors ( Hürthle cell adenoma and Hürthle cell carcinoma, formerly considered a subtype of follicular thyroid cancer). ...

s, and in 1904 he was the first to link

osteitis fibrosa cystica Osteitis fibrosa cystica ( ) is a skeletal disorder resulting in a loss of bone mass, a weakening of the bones as their calcified supporting structures are replaced with fibrous tissue ( peritrabecular fibrosis), and the formation of cyst-like brow ...

with

parathyroid Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, located on the back of the thyroid gland in variable locations. The parathyroid gland produces and secretes par ...

tumors. In 1921, he provided an early description of

Schaumann bodies In pathology, Schaumann bodies are calcium and protein inclusions inside of Langhans giant cells as part of a granuloma. Many conditions can cause Schaumann bodies, including: *Sarcoidosis, *Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and *Berylliosis. *uncom ...

(''kalkdrusen''), and two years later, he was the first to describe a

gastric carcinoid tumor A carcinoid (also carcinoid tumor) is a slow-growing type of neuroendocrine tumor originating in the cells of the neuroendocrine system. In some cases, metastasis may occur. Carcinoid tumors of the midgut (jejunum, ileum, appendix, and cecum) a ...

. In 1928, he founded the ''Société internationale de pathologie géographique'' (The International Society for Geographical Pathology), which would play an important role in the formation of the epidemiology of cancer.

Written works

He was the author of around 170 scientific works; the following are a few of his principal writings: * ''Zur Regeneration der quergestreiften Muskelfasern'', 1890 - For the regeneration of

muscle fiber A muscle cell is also known as a myocyte when referring to either a cardiac muscle cell (cardiomyocyte), or a smooth muscle cell as these are both small cells. A skeletal muscle cell is long and threadlike with many nuclei and is called a muscl ...

s. * ''Ueber Ostitis deformans ohne osteoides Gewebe''. Arbeiten aus dem pathologisch-anatomischen Institut zu Tübingen, 1904, 4. 398-422 - On

osteitis deformans Paget's disease of bone (commonly known as Paget's disease or, historically, osteitis deformans) is a condition involving cellular remodeling and deformity of one or more bones. The affected bones show signs of dysregulated bone remodeling at the ...

without

osteoid In histology, osteoid is the unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix that forms prior to the maturation of bone tissue. Osteoblasts begin the process of forming bone tissue by secreting the osteoid as several specific proteins. When t ...

tissue. * ''Pathologische Anatomie : Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Ärzte'', 1911 -

Pathological anatomy Anatomical pathology (''Commonwealth'') or Anatomic pathology (''U.S.'') is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, immunologic and molecular examination ...

: a textbook for students and physicians. * ''Blut, Knochenmark, Lymphknoten, Milz''. 1 Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie/ Bd. 1, T. 1, Blut, Lymphknoten / edited by Max Askanazy, 1926 - Blood,

bone marrow Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). It is composed of hematopoietic ce ...

lymph nodes A lymph node, or lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system and the adaptive immune system. A large number of lymph nodes are linked throughout the body by the lymphatic vessels. They are major sites of lymphocytes that includ ...

spleen The spleen is an organ found in almost all vertebrates. Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter. The word spleen comes .

.WorldCat Identities
(list of publications)

References

Who Named It ''Whonamedit?'' is an online English-language dictionary of medical eponyms and the people associated with their identification. Though it is a dictionary, many eponyms and persons are presented in extensive articles with comprehensive bibliograph ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Askanazy, Max 1865 births 1940 deaths People from Nesterov People from East Prussia Swiss pathologists University of Geneva faculty University of Königsberg faculty University of Königsberg alumni German expatriates in Switzerland