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Max García Appedole (born February 10, 1957 in Tampico Tamaulipas,
Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
) is a Mexican entrepreneur and political activist. Appedole is considered an important advocate for the
Mexican Government The Federal government of Mexico (alternately known as the Government of the Republic or ' or ') is the national government of the United Mexican States, the central government established by its constitution to share sovereignty over the republi ...
's peaceful solution with the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN).


Early life

He studied at the
New York Military Academy New York Military Academy (NYMA) is a college preparatory, co-ed boarding school in the rural town of Cornwall, north of New York City, and one of the oldest military schools in the United States. Originally a boys' school, it started admitting ...
. He enrolled at the
Instituto Cultural Tampico Instituto Cultural Tampico (ICT) is a K-12 private school in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico. It was founded in 1962 by the Society of Jesus. Its primary and secondary education programs are validated by the Secretaría de Educación Pública. Its hi ...
Jesuits College, studying private accounting. Later he studied to be an engineer in
animal science Animal science is described as "studying the biology of animals that are under the control of humankind". It can also be described as the production and management of farm animals. Historically, the degree was called animal husbandry and the ...
s at Monterrey Tech. He was an honor alumni speaker at Monterrey Tech's 50th anniversary; as well as a speaker at Monterrey Tech EXIT Congress alongside Mexican presidential candidate
Margarita Zavala Margarita Ester Zavala Gómez del Campo (; born on 25 July 1967) is a Mexican lawyer and politician serving as Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Mexico City's 10th District since 2021. She is the wife of the former President of Mexico Felip ...
.


1995 Zapatista Crisis


Background

Following President Carlos Salinas de Gortari's economic and political reforms, including
NAFTA The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA ; es, Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; french: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) was an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that crea ...
, Mexico was becoming an important player in the world economy. In 1995, the
Zapatistas Zapatista(s) may refer to: * Liberation Army of the South The Liberation Army of the South ( es, Ejército Libertador del Sur, ELS) was a guerrilla force led for most of its existence by Emiliano Zapata that took part in the Mexican Revolut ...
began a rebellion against the government. The Salinas government started immediate peace talks. In the last months of the Salinas administration, a wave of politically-motivated assassinations took place in Mexico. Victims included
Cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...
Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo (11 November 1926 – 24 May 1993) was an Archbishop of the Catholic Church in Mexico who served as the eighth archbishop of the see of Guadalajara and as a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Posadas Ocampo was ...
, front runner presidential candidate Colosio whom Zedillo replaced as the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) candidate,
José Francisco Ruiz Massieu José Francisco Ruiz Massieu (July 22, 1946 – September 28, 1994) was a Mexican political figure. He was governor of Guerrero from 1987 to 1993. He then served as the secretary-general of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1994 ...
, brother-in-law of President Salinas and PRI Secretary General. In the early days of the subsequent Zedillo administration, Zedillo undertook a series of decisions that broke with the previous administration agreements and with his own earlier action plan, leading to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis. To give credibility to the investigations of the killings, Zedillo appointed Antonio Lozano Gracia, a member of opposing National Action Party (PAN), as
Attorney General In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general or attorney-general (sometimes abbreviated AG or Atty.-Gen) is the main legal advisor to the government. The plural is attorneys general. In some jurisdictions, attorneys general also have exec ...
.


Defense of Marcos

During the investigation to identify Zapatista leader
Subcomandante Marcos Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente (born 19 June 1957) is a Mexican insurgent, the former military leader and spokesman for the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in the ongoing Chiapas conflict,Pasztor, S. B. (2004). Marcos, Subcomand ...
, the Mexican government claimed that he was a dangerous guerrilla fighter; this theory gained traction at the end of 1994, after the dissident Zapatista, Subcomandante Daniel (alias Salvador Morales Garibay), gave away the identity of his fellow Zapatistas to the Mexican government, among them
Marcos Marcos may refer to: People with the given name ''Marcos'' *Marcos (given name) Sports ;Surnamed * Dayton Marcos, Negro league baseball team from Dayton, Ohio (early twentieth-century) * Dimitris Markos, Greek footballer * Nélson Marcos, Portug ...
' identity. They all were indicted for terrorism, and warrants for their arrest were issued. On February 9, 1995, in a presidential broadcast, Zedillo announced Subcomandante Marcos' identity, claiming he was one Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente, a former professor at the
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana The Metropolitan Autonomous University (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana'') also known as UAM, is a Mexican public university. Founded in 1974 with the support of then-President Luis Echeverria Alvarez, the institut ...
School of Sciences and Arts for Design. Zedillo had accused Marcos of terrorism. Appedole played a major role with the Mexican government. Appedole advised against a military solution to the Zapatista rebellion in 1995. He further claimed that Guillén was a pacifist rather than a terrorist, and was his friend and classmate with the
Jesuits The Society of Jesus ( la, Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuits (; la, Iesuitæ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...
at the
Instituto Cultural Tampico Instituto Cultural Tampico (ICT) is a K-12 private school in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico. It was founded in 1962 by the Society of Jesus. Its primary and secondary education programs are validated by the Secretaría de Educación Pública. Its hi ...
. Appedole recognized literary style in all of Marcos' published manifestos and linked them to literary tournaments organized by the Jesuits in which they competed.


Meeting with Marcos

Before going underground, Guillén met with Appedole, who had parted ways with him after high school. Guillén served as the President of the Mexican Federation of
Aquaculture Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae and other organisms of value such as aquatic plants (e.g. lot ...
. Guillén invited his old friend to speak at a conference at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Appedole accepted his invitation with the condition that Guillén accompany him during his visit. Guillén attended the congress to meet with Appedole as they had agreed as the last public act of the man who would later become Subcomandante Marcos.


Forensic linguistics

In 1995 Max Appedole relied in part on an analysis of Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente's writing style, identified his linguistic fingerprint based on Marcos' specific, unique way of speaking, his very own
idiolect Idiolect is an individual's unique use of language, including speech. This unique usage encompasses vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. This differs from a dialect, a common set of linguistic characteristics shared among a group of people. Th ...
, encompasses vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation that differs from the way other people talk to identify him as
Subcomandante Marcos Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente (born 19 June 1957) is a Mexican insurgent, the former military leader and spokesman for the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in the ongoing Chiapas conflict,Pasztor, S. B. (2004). Marcos, Subcomand ...
, a leader of the Zapatista movement. Though the
Mexican government The Federal government of Mexico (alternately known as the Government of the Republic or ' or ') is the national government of the United Mexican States, the central government established by its constitution to share sovereignty over the republi ...
regarded Subcomandante Marcos as a dangerous guerilla, Appedole convinced them that Guillén was a pacifist. As it reads in President of Mexico
Carlos Salinas de Gortari Carlos Salinas de Gortari CYC DMN (; born 3 April 1948) is a Mexican economist and politician who served as 60th president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994. Affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), earlier in his career he wor ...
President of Mexico
Ernesto Zedillo Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León (; born 27 December 1951) is a Mexican economist and politician. He was 61st president of Mexico from 1 December 1994 to 30 November 2000, as the last of the uninterrupted 71-year line of Mexican presidents from t ...
biography. These events are credited as an early success of forensic linguistics in criminal profiling in law enforcement.


''Gloria'' film production

In 2014, Appedole, along with Alan B. Curtiss and Barrie M. Osborne, released the Hispanic film ''Gloria'', a
biopic A biographical film or biopic () is a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people. Such films show the life of a historical person and the central character's real name is used. They differ from docudra ...
about the life of controversial Mexican pop star
Gloria Trevi Gloria de los Ángeles Treviño Ruiz (born February 15, 1968), known as Gloria Trevi (), is a Mexican singer, songwriter, dancer, actress, television hostess, music video director and businesswoman known as "The Supreme Diva of Mexican Pop". ...
, with Christian Keller as the film's director. On September 16, 2014, Appedole filed criminal charges against Trevi. Subsequently, while ''Gloria'' was showing in Mexican theaters, Trevi allegedly assaulted Appedole in McAllen, Texas. On December 29, Appedole filed assault charges at McAllen police department against Trevi.


Activist

Pro-bono headed a Trust fund to restore downtown
Tampico Tampico is a city and port in the southeastern part of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. It is located on the north bank of the Pánuco River, about inland from the Gulf of Mexico, and directly north of the state of Veracruz. Tampico is the fifth ...
. Promoted investment projects to revitalize
Tampico Tampico is a city and port in the southeastern part of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. It is located on the north bank of the Pánuco River, about inland from the Gulf of Mexico, and directly north of the state of Veracruz. Tampico is the fifth ...
historical down town Appedole gained nearly 60,000 followers on the
Facebook Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin M ...
page El Tamaulipas que Teníamos for his articles on government corruption in Mexico. He also exposed Tamaulipas State Governor Tomas Yarrington, now a fugitive from the
United States Federal Bureau of Investigation The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Justice, t ...
, for laundering money for Mexican cartels.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Appedoe, Max 1995 in Mexico