Matusevich Fjord (russian: Фьорд Матусевича, ''Fiord Matusevicha''),
is a
fjord
In physical geography, a fjord or fiord () is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. Fjords exist on the coasts of Alaska, Antarctica, British Columbia, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Ice ...
in
Severnaya Zemlya
Severnaya Zemlya (russian: link=no, Сéверная Земля́ (Northern Land), ) is a archipelago in the Russian high Arctic. It lies off Siberia's Taymyr Peninsula, separated from the mainland by the Vilkitsky Strait. This archipelago s ...
,
Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai ( rus, Красноя́рский край, r=Krasnoyarskiy kray, p=krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), with its administrative center in the city of Krasnoyarsk, the third-largest city in Siber ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
.
GoogleEarth
Google Earth is a computer program that renders a 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery. The program maps the Earth by superimposing satellite images, aerial photography, and GIS data onto a 3D globe, allowing users ...
This fjord is blocked by heavy ice the whole year round. Its iceberg-producing activity is unmatched by other fjords of Severnaya Zemlya.
History
Matusevich Fjord was first put in the map at the time of the 1931 expedition led by Soviet researchers
Georgy Ushakov
Georgy Alexeyevich Ushakov (russian: Георгий Алексеевич Ушаков) (17 (30) January 1901 – 3 December 1963) was a Soviet explorer of the Arctic.
Ushakov broke new ground when he surveyed and explored Severnaya Zemlya, togeth ...
and
Nikolay Urvantsev
Nikolay Nikolayevich Urvantsev (russian: Николáй Николáевич Урвáнцев; – 20 February 1985) was a Soviet geologist and explorer. He was born in the town of Lukoyanov in the Lukoyanovsky Uyezd of the Nizhny Novgorod Gove ...
that explored for the first time Severnaya Zemlya. More accurate cartographic work of the fjord area was carried out by the 1950 expedition led by B.V. Zubov and A.I. Stepanov using aerial photography.
[Б. В. Зубовской К истории картографирования центральной части Советской Арктики (B.V. Zubov.''Mapping History of the Central Part of the Soviet Arctic'')](_blank)
/ref>
The fjord was named in honor of Nikolai Matusevich, a prominent researcher of the Soviet Arctic.
Geography
Matusevich Fjord is a fjord has its mouth in the northeastern area of October Revolution Island
October Revolution Island (Russian: Остров Октябрьской Революции, ''Ostrov Oktyabrskoy Revolyutsii'') is the largest island of the Severnaya Zemlya group in the Russian Arctic. It is named after the October Revolution ...
, west of Cape Figurny on the Laptev Sea
The Laptev Sea ( rus, мо́ре Ла́птевых, r=more Laptevykh; sah, Лаптевтар байҕаллара, translit=Laptevtar baỹğallara) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is located between the northern coast of Siberia, th ...
shore of the island. It is the largest fjord in Severnaya Zemlya. Vollosovich Island and Blizhny Island lie off the mouth of the fjord to the west and to the east respectively.
The fjord extends in a roughly northeast/southwest direction for about . The basin inside the fjord has steep mountains on both sides, the highest reaching a height of at Gora Bazarnaya. At its inner end there are three branches converging into the fjord, all with active glaciers stemming from the Rusanov Glacier Rusanov (russian: Русанов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Rusanova. It may refer to:
*Anatoly Rusanov (born 1932), Russian chemist
*Dmitri Rusanov (born 1987), Russian football player
*Lyubov Rusanova (born 1954) ...
in the northwest and the enormous Karpinsky Glacier
Karpinsky Glacier or Karpinsky Ice Cap (russian: Ледник Карпинского; ''Lednik Karpinskogo''), also known as Mount Karpinsky, is a large ice cap on October Revolution Island, Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Federation.
It was named aft ...
in the southeast, producing a great amount of iceberg
An iceberg is a piece of freshwater ice more than 15 m long that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open (salt) water. Smaller chunks of floating glacially-derived ice are called "growlers" or "bergy bits". The ...
s. The constant outpouring of the glaciers at the head results in massive amounts of ice
Ice is water frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 degrees Celsius or Depending on the presence of impurities such as particles of soil or bubbles of air, it can appear transparent or a more or less opaq ...
streaming out of the fjord.
There are two small islets in the inner fjord, close to the glacier terminus' zone, Trudny Island with a diameter of , and long Pregrazhdayushchy Island where a geodetic point
A triangulation station, also known as a trigonometrical point, and sometimes informally as a trig, is a fixed surveying station, used in geodetic surveying and other surveying projects in its vicinity. The nomenclature varies regionally: they ...
stands.
Ecology
Matusevich Fjord is part of the Northern Nature Reserve, one of the seven subdivisions of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve
The Great Arctic State Nature Reserve (russian: Большой Арктический государственный природный заповедник) is a nature reserve in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. With an area of , it is the largest res ...
. There are numerous bird colonies in the cliffs of the fjord, including thick-billed murre
The thick-billed murre or Brünnich's guillemot (''Uria lomvia'') is a bird in the auk family (Alcidae). This bird is named after the Danish zoologist Morten Thrane Brünnich. The very deeply black North Pacific subspecies ''Uria lomvia arra'' i ...
s ''(Uria lomvia)'', gull
Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari. They are most closely related to the terns and skimmers and only distantly related to auks, and even more distantly to waders. Until the 21st century, m ...
s ''(Larus hyperboreus)'' and snow bunting
The snow bunting (''Plectrophenax nivalis'') is a passerine bird in the family Calcariidae. It is an Arctic specialist, with a circumpolar Arctic breeding range throughout the northern hemisphere. There are small isolated populations on a few hig ...
s ''(Plectrophenax nivalis)'', among others.Выживание в экстремальных условиях, Северная Земля
/ref>
File:Thick-billed Murres, 1989.jpg, There are large concentrations of thick-billed murre
The thick-billed murre or Brünnich's guillemot (''Uria lomvia'') is a bird in the auk family (Alcidae). This bird is named after the Danish zoologist Morten Thrane Brünnich. The very deeply black North Pacific subspecies ''Uria lomvia arra'' i ...
s in the cliffs flanking the fjord.
File:Plectrophenax nivalis CT2.jpg, The snow bunting
The snow bunting (''Plectrophenax nivalis'') is a passerine bird in the family Calcariidae. It is an Arctic specialist, with a circumpolar Arctic breeding range throughout the northern hemisphere. There are small isolated populations on a few hig ...
, another Arctic bird species breeding in the cliffs of Matusevich Fjord.
See also
*List of fjords of Russia
This is a list of the most important fjords of the Russian Federation. Fjords
In spite of the vastness of the Arctic coastlines of the Russian Federation there are relatively few fjords in Russia. Fjords are circumscribed to certain areas only; ...
References
{{Reflist, 2
External links
Eurasian Arctic Tectonics - DiVA
''New geochronological data on Palaeozoic igneous activity and deformation in the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russia, and implications for the development of the Eurasian Arctic margin'', Geological Magazine
Arctic - Bird Observations in Severnaya Zemlya, Siberia
Fjords of Severnaya Zemlya
Bodies of water of the Laptev Sea