Matus Ruvimovich Bisnovat (russian: Матус Рувимович Бисноват, 23 October 1905,
Nikopol – 8 November 1977) was a Soviet aircraft and missile designer. Bisnovat attended the
Moscow Aviation Institute
Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI; russian: Московский авиационный институт, МАИ) is one of the major engineering institutes in Moscow, Russia. Since its inception MAI has been spearhe ...
(MAI), graduating in 1931. In 1938, he headed a research team in Central Aero-Hydrodynamics Institute
TsAGI
The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (also (Zhukovsky) Central Institute of Aerodynamics, russian: Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т, ЦАГИ, Tsentral'nyy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut, ...
,
Zhukovsky, where several high-speed experimental airplanes were developed, the
SK-1,
SK-2 and
SK-3.
From 1942 - 1944 Bisnovat oversaw the development of the "302" rocket/
ramjet
A ramjet, or athodyd (aero thermodynamic duct), is a form of airbreathing jet engine that uses the forward motion of the engine to produce thrust. Since it produces no thrust when stationary (no ram air) ramjet-powered vehicles require an ass ...
fighter in
NII-3, supervised by
Andrey Kostikov. In 1946 he became head of Plant no. 293 and a team of engineers formerly in the
OKB-293 of
Viktor Bolkhovitinov
Viktor Fyodorovich Bolkhovitinov (Виктор Фёдорович Болховитинов) (4 February 1899 – 29 January 1970) was a Soviet engineer and team-leader of the developers of the Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1 aircraft. He was also the le ...
. There Bisnovat managed some later work on the
Bereznyak-
Isaev BI-1
The Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1 was a Soviet short-range rocket powered interceptor developed during the Second World War.
Early design
Soviet research and development of rocket-powered aircraft began with Sergey Korolev's GIRD-6 project in 1932. Hi ...
Rocket-powered aircraft
A rocket-powered aircraft or rocket plane is an aircraft that uses a rocket engine for propulsion, sometimes in addition to airbreathing jet engines. Rocket planes can achieve much higher speeds than similarly sized jet aircraft, but typicall ...
. In 1948, with engine designer
Aleksei Isaev
Aleksei Mikhailovich Isaev (also Isayev; Russian: Алексе́й Миха́йлович Иса́ев; October 24, 1908, in Saint Petersburg – June 10, 1971, in Moscow) was a Russian rocket engineer.
Aleksei Isaev began work under Leonid Du ...
he worked on the supersonic aircraft "
Bisnovat 5". In 1952 he developed the
infrared homing
Infrared homing is a passive weapon guidance system which uses the infrared (IR) light emission from a target to track and follow it seamlessly. Missiles which use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers" since infrared is radi ...
air-to-air missile
The newest and the oldest member of Rafael's Python family of AAM for comparisons, Python-5 (displayed lower-front) and Shafrir-1 (upper-back)
An air-to-air missile (AAM) is a missile fired from an aircraft for the purpose of destroying a ...
SNARS-250.
Bisnovat fell prey to a 1953
anti-Semitic
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism.
Antis ...
campaign against "
cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism is the idea that all human beings are members of a single community. Its adherents are known as cosmopolitan or cosmopolite. Cosmopolitanism is both prescriptive and aspirational, believing humans can and should be " world citizens ...
" instigated by rivals of
Lavrentiy Beria
Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (; rus, Лавре́нтий Па́влович Бе́рия, Lavréntiy Pávlovich Bériya, p=ˈbʲerʲiə; ka, ლავრენტი ბერია, tr, ; – 23 December 1953) was a Georgian Bolshevik ...
. As a result he was ousted as head of Plant 293.
In 1954 Bisnovat became head of design bureau
KB Molniya
Vympel NPO is a Russian research and production company based near Moscow, mostly known for their air-to-air missiles. Other projects include SAM and ABM defenses. It was started in the Soviet era as an OKB
(experimental design bureau).
Hist ...
, where he oversaw the development of air-to-air missiles
R-40,
R-60 (missile)
The Molniya (now Vympel) R-60 (NATO reporting name: AA-8 "Aphid") is a short-range lightweight infrared homing air-to-air missile designed for use by Soviet fighter aircraft. It has been widely exported, and remains in service with the CIS and ma ...
and
R-73 (missile)
The R-73 (NATO reporting name AA-11 ''Archer'') is a short-range air-to-air missile developed by Vympel NPO that entered service in 1984.
Development
The R-73 was developed to replace the earlier R-60 (AA-8 'Aphid') weapon for short-range use b ...
.
Bisnovat was awarded a
doctorate in science in 1965.
He died in 1977 from complications due to
diabetes
Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level ( hyperglycemia) over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased ap ...
.
Honours and awards
*
Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (russian: links=no, Герой Социалистического Труда, Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It repre ...
(including an Order of Lenin) and the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" - For his great services to create new types of aircraft armament, and in connection with the 70th anniversary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in October 1975
* Two
Orders of Lenin
The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration b ...
*
Order of the Red Banner of Labour
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (russian: Орден Трудового Красного Знамени, translit=Orden Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to th ...
*
Lenin Prize (1966)
*
USSR State Prize
The USSR State Prize (russian: links=no, Государственная премия СССР, Gosudarstvennaya premiya SSSR) was the Soviet Union's state honor. It was established on 9 September 1966. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, t ...
(1973)
References
External links
*
Matus Bisnovatat buran.ru
*
at testpilot.ru
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bisnovat, Matus
1905 births
1977 deaths
Moscow Aviation Institute alumni
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Lenin Prize winners
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Ukrainian Jews
Soviet aerospace engineers
Soviet inventors
Soviet Jews
Soviet military engineers
Weapon designers
Deaths from diabetes
Burials at Vagankovo Cemetery