was a

Sengoku The was a period in Japanese history of near-constant civil war and social upheaval from 1467 to 1615. The Sengoku period was initiated by the Ōnin War in 1467 which collapsed the feudal system of Japan under the Ashikaga shogunate. Various s ...

to early

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteriz ...

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

samurai were the hereditary military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan from the late 12th century until their abolition in 1876. They were the well-paid retainers of the '' daimyo'' (the great feudal landholders). They h ...

, and the 2nd ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and n ...

'' of Fukui Domain in

Echizen Province was a province of Japan in the area that is today the northern portion of Fukui Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan. Echizen bordered on Kaga, Wakasa, Hida, and Ōmi Provinces. It was part of Hokurikudō Circuit. Its abbreviated form ...

. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)
"Matsudaira Tadanao"
in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 617]

Biography

Tadanao was born in

Settsu Province was a province of Japan, which today comprises the southeastern part of Hyōgo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture. It was also referred to as or . Osaka and Osaka Castle were the main center of the province. Most of Settsu's ...

in 1595 as the eldest son of

Yūki Hideyasu was a Japanese samurai who lived during the Azuchi–Momoyama and early Edo periods. He was the ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain in Echizen. Early life Hideyasu was born as in 1574, the second son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, by Lady Oman (also known as L ...

. His childhood name was Senchiyomaru (仙千代). In 1603, he travelled to Edo with his father, and was received by his uncle,

Shōgun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...

Tokugawa Hidetada was the second ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate. Early life (1579–1593) Tokugawa Hidetada was bo ...

, who took a great liking to him. In 1605, he received the

courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but rather is used through custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some co ...

was ''Mikawa-no-kami'', and his Court rank of Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade. HIs courtesy title was elevated to ''Ukonoue-gon-shōshō'' the following year. In 1607, on the death of his father, he became ''daimyō'' of the 750,000 ''

koku The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. 1 koku is equivalent to 10 or approximately , or about . It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1000 gō. One ''gō'' is the volume of the "rice cup", the plastic measuring cup that is supplied ...

'' Fukui Domain Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)
"Matsudaira" at ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 30
retrieved 2013-4-9. and in 1611 was wed to Katsuhime, one of Hidetada's daughters. He also underwent the ''

genpuku is a Japanese coming-of-age ceremony which dates back to Japan's classical Nara Period (710–794 AD). /sup> This ceremony marked the transition from child to adult status and the assumption of adult responsibilities. The age of participat ...

'' ceremony, and was granted a ''

kanji are the logographic Chinese characters taken from the Chinese family of scripts, Chinese script and used in the writing of Japanese language, Japanese. They were made a major part of the Japanese writing system during the time of Old Japanese ...

'' from Hidetada's name, becoming Matsudaira Tadanao and his courtesy title was changed to ''Sakonoue-gon-shōshō'', and rank elevated to Senior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade. However, from 1612 to 1613, there was armed conflict within Fukui Domain between various of his senior retainers. The issues were resolved with some difficulty by the shogunate, who blamed Tadanao's youth and inexperience for allowing the situation to get out of hand. Tadanao led Fukui troops in battle at the Osaka Winter Campaign, but lost control of his mercenary troops, for which he was scolded severely by his grandfather, the retired shōgun

Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fellow ...

. He took part in the next year's Summer Campaign, taking the head of

Sanada Yukimura , also known as , was a Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku period. He was especially known as the leading general on the defending side of the Siege of Osaka. Yukimura was called "A Hero who may appear once in a hundred years", "Crimson D ...

, and leading his forces at the very tip of the Tokugawa advance into

Osaka Castle is a Japanese castle in Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan. The castle is one of Japan's most famous landmarks and it played a major role in the unification of Japan during the sixteenth century of the Azuchi-Momoyama period. Layout The main tower ...

. However, he received no reward for his efforts, and his court rank remained at the ''jusanmi-sangi'' (従三位参議; senior 3rd rank, councillor) which he had been awarded in 1615, although his father had been ''chūnagon'' (中納言; Middle Councilor). He was, however, granted the courtesy titles of ''Echizen-no-kami'' and ''Sakonoue-gon-chūshō'' in 1615. Tadanao was so upset with the perceived insult that in 1621 he feigned illness and did not make his required '' sankin kōtai'' trip to Edo; in 1622 he even attempted to poison his wife (who was saved at the last moment by one of her maids taking her place). He even led his own soldiers on rampages through the homes of retainers. In 1622, he was banished by Hidetada to

Funai Domain was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. It is associated with Bungo Province in present-day Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyushu. In the han system, ''Funai'' was a political and economic abstraction based on periodic cadastral surveys and ...

Bungo Province was a province of Japan in eastern Kyūshū in the area of Ōita Prefecture. It was sometimes called , with Buzen Province. Bungo bordered Buzen, Hyūga, Higo, Chikugo, and Chikuzen Provinces. History At the end of the 7th century, Toyo ...

, where he was allowed a 5000 ''koku'' allowance. He also entered the Buddhist priesthood, taking the name Ippaku (一伯). For the first three years, he lived at Ogiwara village on the coast, but then moved to an inland location at the insistence of local authorities, who feared that he might attempt to escape. He died in 1650 at age 56. Tadanao's son Mitsunaga was transferred from Fukui to

Takada Domain , was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It was located in Echigo Province, in the Hokuriku region of Honshū. The domain was centered at Takada Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Jōetsu in ...

Echigo Province was an old province in north-central Japan, on the shores of the Sea of Japan. It bordered on Uzen, Iwashiro, Kōzuke, Shinano, and Etchū Provinces. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Echigo''" in . It corresponds today to Niigata ...

. Tadanao's brother Tadamasa was transferred to Fukui Domain, The clan continued to hold the fief until the end of the

Family

* Father:

* Mother: Lady Nakagawa * Wife: Tokugawa Katsuhime (1601–1672), daughter of the 2nd shōgun

and Asai Oeyo * Concubines: ** Hiraga-dono ** Nagami-dono ** Koito-dono ** Ikoku-dono * Children: **

Matsudaira Mitsunaga The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of t ...

(1616–1707) by Katsuhime, daimyō of

Tsuyama Domain was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. It was associated with Mimasaka Province in modern-day Okayama Prefecture.Emperor Go-Yōzei was the 107th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Go-Yōzei's reign spanned the years 1586 through to his abdication in 1611, corresponding to the transition between the Azuchi–Momoyama period and the Edo period ...

** Tsuruhime (1618–1671) by Katsuhime, adopted daughter of

Tokugawa Iemitsu Tokugawa Iemitsu (徳川家光, August 12, 1604 – June 8, 1651) was the third ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada with Oeyo, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lady Kasuga was his wet nurse, who a ...

, married

Kujō Michifusa , son of regent Yukiie, was a ''kugyō'' or Japanese court noble of the Edo period (1603–1868). He held a regent position sesshō in 1647. He married a daughter of second head of Echizen Domain Matsudaira Tadanao. One of the couple's daughter ...

** Kanhime married Oguri Masanori

References

* Papinot, Edmond. (1948). ''Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan''. New York: Overbeck Co.

References

External links

"Takada" at Edo 300

*
越前松平氏 (Echizen Matsudaira) at ReichsArchiv.jp
{{DEFAULTSORT:Matsdaira, Tadanao 1595 births 1650 deaths Shinpan daimyo Echizen-Matsudaira clan People of Edo-period Japan Japanese Buddhist clergy Edo period Buddhist clergy