Matsudaira Chikauji
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Matsudaira Chikarauji was a warlord of
Mikawa Province was an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Mikawa''" in . Its abbreviated form name was . Mikawa bordered on Owari, Mino, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Provinces. Mik ...
in the early
Muromachi era The is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period marks the governance of the Muromachi or Ashikaga shogunate (''Muromachi bakufu'' or ''Ashikaga bakufu''), which was officially established in 1338 by t ...
. He was the founder of the
Matsudaira clan The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of th ...
and the
Tokugawa clan The is a Japanese dynasty that was formerly a powerful ''daimyō'' family. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and were a branch of the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji) through the Matsudaira clan. The early history of this clan r ...
in the
genealogy Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kins ...
created in the
Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteriz ...
. "The
Matsudaira clan The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of th ...
and
Tokugawa clan The is a Japanese dynasty that was formerly a powerful ''daimyō'' family. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and were a branch of the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji) through the Matsudaira clan. The early history of this clan r ...


Life

His paternal lineage is said to be descended from the Shinden Genji Serada clan. The fourth son of Niida Yoshishige, Yoshiki, lived in Nitta-sho Tokugawa and called himself Tokugawa. Yoshiki's second son was Yoriji, who was named Yashiro Sarada and became the governor of Mikawa. His second son was Jiro Noriji, Noriji's son was Matajiro Ietoki, and Ietoki's son was Yajiro Mitsuyoshi. After Mitsuyoshi, he was succeeded by Masayoshi, Chikaki, and Arichika, and Arichika's son was Chikara'. However, Japanese historian Watanabe Seisuke has argued that
Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fellow ...
connected the Serada clan's genealogy with his own in 1566. In today's academic world, it is commonly believed that the genealogy was embellished by Ieyasu. However, Ieyasu's grandfather
Matsudaira Kiyoyasu was the 7th lord over the Matsudaira clan during the Sengoku period (16th century) of Japan. Kiyoyasu was the grandfather of the third "great unifier of Japan", Tokugawa Ieyasu. Biography Kiyoyasu gained control of the whole of northern Mika ...
had already called himself the Serada clan, and Ieyasu is thought to have been influenced by him. Chikara was defeated in the
Kanto Kantō (Japanese) Kanto is a simplified spelling of , a Japanese word, only omitting the diacritics. In Japan Kantō may refer to: *Kantō Plain *Kantō region *Kantō-kai, organized crime group *Kanto (Pokémon), a geographical region in the ' ...
(or
Shinano Province or is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture. Shinano bordered on Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, whi ...
) by the forces of the Kamakura kōkata (or
Shiba clan was a Japanese clan. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003).html" ;"title="DF 58 of 80">("Shiba," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 54 DF_58_of_80">("Shi_...
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), and became a member of the Ashikaga clan, he was defeated by the forces of Kantō kubō">Kamakura lord (or
Shiba clan was a Japanese clan. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003).html" ;"title="DF 58 of 80">("Shiba," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 54 [PDF 58 of 80/nowiki>">DF 58 of 80">("Shi ...
), and to avoid Ashikaga clan capture, he entered Shōjōkō-ji, the head temple of the Toki sect, in Sagami Province with his father Arichika, and was ordained as a priest. He is sometimes described as "a Beggar monk" or "a kind of
Lowborn ''Lowborn'' (stylized as ''lowborn'') is the seventh studio album by the American alternative rock band Anberlin. The album was scheduled for release on June 24, 2014, but was pushed back to July 22, 2014. This album was produced by the band. The ...
". However, it has been revealed by Masuo Sembon that the story of rakugo at Seikouji Temple was not told until after the
Genroku was a after Jōkyō and before Hōei. The Genroku period spanned the years from the ninth month of 1688 to the third month of 1704. The reigning emperor was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 415. The period was ...
period, after the establishment of the "Butoku Taiseiki", and is considered to have been created in later times. Tokuami's subordinate, Magosaburo Ishikawa, Shomyoji Sakki and Yugyo and Fujisawa Shonin no Rekishi Keifu. The name of Magosaburo Ishikawa appears as his companion. He became a guest of Matsudaira Nobushige (Ensign Tarozaemon), the lord of the area who was descended from the Zaihara clan or
Kamo clan is a Japanese sacerdotal kin group which traces its roots from a Yayoi period shrine in the vicinity of northeastern Kyoto. The clan rose to prominence during the Asuka and Heian periods when the Kamo are identified with the 7th-century foun ...
. Nobushige took Tokuami as his son-in-law because of his knowledge of waka poetry and his bravery, and Tokuami returned to secular life and took the name Matsudaira Tarozaemon Lieutenant Chikashi. "In the "History of the Matsudaira Clan," when Nobushige asked him about his ancestry, he replied, "I am a wanderer who travels from east to west, and I am ashamed to say so. Here, the Chikara is described as a person whose identity is unknown. After becoming the lord of Matsudaira, he built Goshiki Castle and became a legitimate son (according to the sibling theory In cooperation with Yasuchika, who is said to be his eldest son, he destroyed the neighboring lords called "Nakayama Shichina" and expanded his power, laying the foundation of the Matsudaira clan, a feudal lord. However, based on the description in the "History of the Matsudaira Clan," there is a theory that he actually acquired the land through purchase. He built many shrines and temples in his territory, including Kogetsuin, his family temple, and did not spare any assistance to the poor people. In addition to the aforementioned arguments, there is also a theory that doubts the existence of the second generation of the Matsudaira clan, Chikashi and Yasuchika, because their names cannot be found in historical documents of the same period.


The year of his birth and death

According to the "History of the Matsudaira Clan", Chikara seems to have died suddenly. There are various theories about the year of birth and death of Chikara, and it has not reached the stage of a definite theory. According to the
Folklore Folklore is shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group. This includes oral traditions such as tales, legends, proverbs and jokes. They include material culture, ranging ...
of the local town of Matsudaira (
Toyota City , formerly known as Koromo, is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 426,162 and a population density of 464 people per km2. The total area was . It is located about 35 minutes from Nagoya by way of the Meite ...
), he died around the fourth year of the
Meitoku Meitoku (明徳) was a Japanese era name (年号 ''nengō'', "year name") of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after '' Kōō'' and before ''Ōei''. This period spanned the years from March 1390 to July 1394. After ...
reign ( 1393), and in the fifth year of the
Heisei The is the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Emeritus Akihito from 8 January 1989 until his abdication on 30 April 2019. The Heisei era started on 8 January 1989, the day after the death of the Emperor Hirohito, ...
reign (
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
), the 600th anniversary of his death was celebrated. In
Heisei The is the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Emeritus Akihito from 8 January 1989 until his abdication on 30 April 2019. The Heisei era started on 8 January 1989, the day after the death of the Emperor Hirohito, ...
5 (
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
), Toyota City held the "600th Anniversary of Prince Chikaga" to commemorate the 600th anniversary of his death. As part of the event, a national seminar for castle researchers was held. There are ten different traditions of the date of Chikara's death *
Kōan A (; , ; ko, 화두, ; vi, công án) is a story, dialogue, question, or statement which is used in Zen practice to provoke the "great doubt" and to practice or test a student's progress in Zen. Etymology The Japanese term is the Sino-J ...
first year (
1361 Year 1361 ( MCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March 17 – An-Nasir Hasan, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, is killed by one of his own m ...
),
April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 * 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. * 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
("Hōzō-ji history", "Daiju-ji records", "Okuhira family records" ) * Oei first year ( 1394)
April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 * 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. * 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
("Mikawa Kaitōki" ) * 1394
April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy m ...
("Kogetsuinki" ) *Onei 20th year (
1413 Year 1413 ( MCDXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March 21 – Henry V becomes King of England following the death of his father Henry ...
) ("Shinkomyoji Enki" ) *Onei 21 ( 1414 years) ("Matsudaira So Keifu" ) *Onei 28 ( 1421) ("Sanyo Matsudaira Gidenki" ) *Eikyō 35nen ( 1428nen) ("Toei Kan" ) *
Eikyō was a after ''Shōchō'' and before ''Kakitsu''. This period spanned the years from September 1429 through February 1441. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1429 : The era name was changed to mark the beginning of the reign of Emperor ...
9 ( 1437 years) ("Takimura Manshoji Genealogy" and "Ryōzan Myōshōji tablets" ) *
Kōshō was a after ''Kyōtoku'' and before ''Chōroku.'' This period spanned the years from July 1455 through September 1457. The reigning emperor was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 331349. Change of Era * 1455 : The ...
2 ( 1456) ("Dai Mikawa Shi" ) * Onin first year ( 1467 years), April 20 ("Chronicles of the Tokugawa" ) There are several theories for the year of his birth, such as Eiin6th year ( 1298) ("Daijuji Records") and Genkō2nd year/ Shōkei1st year (
1332 Year 1332 ( MCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * February 18 – Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia, begins his campaigns in the southern Muslim provinces ...
) ("Kogetsuin Historical Records").


Relationship with Sakai clan

According to the genealogy of the
Sakai clan The was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Nitta branch of the Minamoto clan, who were in turn descendants of Emperor Seiwa. Serata (Nitta) Arichika, a samurai of the 14th century, was the common ancestor of both the Sakai ...
, who later became a chief vassal of the Matsudaira clan, the founder of the clan, Hirochika, was the son-in-law of the lord of Sakai village in Hekikai County, Mikawa Province, before he succeeded the Matsudaira clan. According to this theory, the Sakai clan is a member of the Matsudaira clan. However, according to the research of Akio Hirano, the Sakai clan arose when the eldest daughter of Matsudaira Nobushige married into Sakai-go. In any case, the Matsudaira and Sakai clans are related.


References


Reference

* * {{Citation, last=Akio Hirano, title=Mikawa Matsudaira Ichi, year=2002, publisher=New Character Agency, isbn=4-404-02961-6 1393 deaths 14th-century births People of Muromachi-period Japan Matsudaira clan Pages with unreviewed translations