Materials genome is an analogy to
genomes
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding gen ...
in biology, but in a conceptual sense: the many important phases, defects, and processes that make up engineered materials are the "genome" of
materials science. The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) is an effort to design, manufacture, and deploy materials and materials-based technologies significantly faster and cheaper than ever before. The MGI partially references the
Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a ...
, but only conceptually, and is a broader and less targeted effort.
History
The name Materials Genome was coined in December 2002 by Dr. Zi-Kui Liu who incorporated the company "MaterialsGenome, Inc." in Pennsylvania, USA, and filed the trademark protection on March 5, 2004 (78512752). The Certificate of Registration (Reg. No. 4,224,035) was issued by the Patent and Trademark office on October 16, 2012.
In 2005, Dr. Zi-Kui Liu and Dr. Pierre Villars jointly crafted a proposal on "Materials Genome Foundation" when they met in Switzerland. In January 2006, they presented the proposal to a panel organized by
ASM International
ASM International is a Dutch headquartered multinational corporation that specializes in design, manufacturing, sales and service of semiconductor wafer processing equipment for the fabrication of semiconductor devices. ASM's products are use ...
.
In 2008, United States Automotive Materials Partnership (USAMP) supported by the
United States Department of Energy
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government that oversees U.S. national energy policy and manages the research and development of nuclear power and nuclear weapons in the United Stat ...
funded a smaller version of the concept of "Materials Genome Foundation", which resulted in the development of the software package ESPEI.
In June 2011, the name "Materials Genome" was used in the United States
National Science and Technology Council
The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) is a council in the Executive Branch of the United States. It is designed to coordinate science and technology policy across the branches of federal government.
History
The National Science and ...
"Materials Genome Initiative" in consent with MaterialsGenome, Inc.
In 2014, Dr. Liu published an article to reflect "Perspective on Materials Genome" in English, and in Chinese
In early 2015, Chenxi Qian,
Dr. Todd Siler and
Dr. Geoffrey A. Ozin jointly published a paper in ''Small'', discussing about the possibilities and limitations of a Nanomaterials Genome, expanding concept of the Materials Genome by incorporating the important parameters of
nanomaterials
*
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale).
Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nan ...
such as size and shape information into the roadmap.
In May 2016, a group led by
Sorelle A. Friedler, Joshua Schrier and Alexander J. Norquist claimed the first
machine-learning-assisted materials discovery, as an example of humanity's early attempts to design and develop materials via data-driven approaches proposed by the Materials Genome Initiative.
In May 2017, progress on the Materials Genome Initiative was reviewed in 2017 at a workshop sponsored by NSF and future directions were identified.
References
External links
* https://www.nist.gov/mgi
* https://www.matse.psu.edu/directory/zi-kui-liu
* https://www.fordham.edu/info/28651/joshua_schrier
Materials
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