![Tuned mass damper - Taipei 101 - Wikimania 2007 0224](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Tuned_mass_damper_-_Taipei_101_-_Wikimania_2007_0224.jpg)
A tuned mass damper (TMD), also known as a harmonic absorber or seismic damper, is a device mounted in structures to reduce mechanical
vibration
Vibration is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point. The word comes from Latin ''vibrationem'' ("shaking, brandishing"). The oscillations may be periodic function, periodic, such as the motion of a pendulum ...
s, consisting of a mass mounted on one or more
damped springs. Its oscillation frequency is tuned to be similar to the
resonant frequency
Resonance describes the phenomenon of increased amplitude that occurs when the frequency of an applied periodic force (or a Fourier component of it) is equal or close to a natural frequency of the system on which it acts. When an oscillatin ...
of the object it is mounted to, and reduces the object's maximum amplitude while weighing much less than it.
TMDs can prevent discomfort, damage, or outright
structural failure
Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering that deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed structural load (weight, force, etc.) without breaking and includes the study of past structural failures in order to ...
. They are frequently used in power transmission, automobiles and buildings.
Principle
![Spring–mass–damper system](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Spring%E2%80%93mass%E2%80%93damper_system.svg)
Tuned mass dampers stabilize against violent motion caused by
harmonic vibration. They use a comparatively lightweight component to reduce the vibration of a system so that its worst-case vibrations are less intense. Roughly speaking, practical systems are tuned to either move the main mode away from a troubling excitation frequency, or to add damping to a resonance that is difficult or expensive to damp directly. An example of the latter is a crankshaft torsional damper. Mass dampers are frequently implemented with a frictional or hydraulic component that turns mechanical kinetic energy into heat, like an automotive
shock absorber
A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most sh ...
.
Given a motor with mass ''m''
1 attached via motor mounts to the ground, the motor vibrates as it operates and the soft motor mounts act as a parallel spring and damper, ''k''
1 and ''c''
1. The force on the motor mounts is ''F''
0. In order to reduce the maximum force on the motor mounts as the motor operates over a range of speeds, a smaller mass, ''m''
2, is connected to ''m''
1 by a spring and a damper, ''k''
2 and ''c''
2. ''F''
1 is the effective force on the motor due to its operation.
The graph shows the effect of a tuned mass damper on a simple spring–mass–damper system, excited by vibrations with an amplitude of one unit of force applied to the main mass, ''m''
1. An important measure of performance is the ratio of the force on the motor mounts to the force vibrating the motor, . This assumes that the system is linear, so if the force on the motor were to double, so would the force on the motor mounts. The blue line represents the baseline system, with a maximum response of 9 units of force at around 9 units of frequency. The red line shows the effect of adding a tuned mass of 10% of the baseline mass. It has a maximum response of 5.5, at a frequency of 7. As a side effect, it also has a second normal mode and will vibrate somewhat more than the baseline system at frequencies below about 6 and above about 10.
The heights of the two peaks can be adjusted by changing the stiffness of the spring in the tuned mass damper. Changing the damping also changes the height of the peaks, in a complex fashion. The split between the two peaks can be changed by altering the mass of the damper (''m''
2).
![2dof plots](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/2dof_plots.png)
The
Bode plot is more complex, showing the phase and magnitude of the motion of each mass, for the two cases, relative to ''F''
1.
In the plots at right, the black line shows the baseline response (''m''
2 = 0). Now considering ''m''
2 = , the blue line shows the motion of the damping mass and the red line shows the motion of the primary mass. The amplitude plot shows that at low frequencies, the damping mass resonates much more than the primary mass. The phase plot shows that at low frequencies, the two masses are in phase. As the frequency increases ''m''
2 moves out of phase with ''m''
1 until at around 9.5 Hz it is 180° out of phase with ''m''
1, maximizing the damping effect by maximizing the amplitude of ''x''
2 − ''x''
1, this maximizes the energy dissipated into ''c''
2 and simultaneously pulls on the primary mass in the same direction as the motor mounts.
Mass dampers in automobiles
Motorsport
The tuned mass damper was introduced as part of the suspension system by Renault on its 2005 F1 car (the
Renault R25
The Renault R25 was the Formula One car entered by Renault in the 2005 season. The chassis was designed by Bob Bell, James Allison, Tim Densham and Dino Toso with Pat Symonds overseeing the design and production of the car as executive direct ...
), at the
2005 Brazilian Grand Prix
The 2005 Brazilian Grand Prix (officially the Formula 1 Grande Prêmio do Brasil 2005) was a Formula One motor race held on at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace in São Paulo, Brazil on 25 September 2005. The 71-lap race was the seventeenth round o ...
. The system reportedly reduced lap times by 0.3 seconds: a phenomenal gain for a relatively simple device. The stewards of the meeting deemed it legal, but the FIA appealed against that decision.
Two weeks later, the FIA International Court of Appeal deemed the mass damper illegal. It was deemed to be illegal because the mass was not rigidly attached to the chassis; the influence the damper had on the pitch attitude of the car in turn affected the gap under the car and the
ground effects of the car. As such, the damper was considered to be a movable aerodynamic device and hence an illegal influence on the performance of the
aerodynamics
Aerodynamics, from grc, ἀήρ ''aero'' (air) + grc, δυναμική (dynamics), is the study of the motion of air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It involves topics covered in the field of fluid dyn ...
.
Production cars
Tuned mass dampers are widely used in production cars, typically on the
crankshaft
A crankshaft is a mechanical component used in a piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating shaft containing one or more crankpins, that are driven by the pistons via the connecting ...
pulley to control
torsional vibration
Torsional vibration is angular vibration of an object—commonly a shaft along its axis of rotation. Torsional vibration is often a concern in power transmission systems using rotating shafts or couplings where it can cause failures if not contr ...
and, more rarely, the bending modes of the crankshaft. They are also used on the driveline for gearwhine, and elsewhere for other noises or vibrations on the exhaust, body, suspension or anywhere else. Almost all modern cars will have one mass damper, and some may have ten or more.
The usual design of damper on the crankshaft consists of a thin band of rubber between the hub of the pulley and the outer rim. This device, often called a
harmonic damper
A harmonic damper is a device fitted to the free (accessory drive) end of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine to counter torsional and resonance vibrations from the crankshaft. This device must be interference fit to the crankshaft in ...
, is located on the other end of the crankshaft opposite of where the
flywheel
A flywheel is a mechanical device which uses the conservation of angular momentum to store rotational energy; a form of kinetic energy proportional to the product of its moment of inertia and the square of its rotational speed. In particular, ass ...
and the transmission is. An alternative design is the
centrifugal pendulum absorber
A centrifugal pendulum absorber is a type of Tuned mass damper. It reduces the amplitude of a Torsional vibration in drive trains that use a combustion engine.
History
The centrifugal pendulum absorber was first patented in 1937 by R. Sarazi ...
which is used to reduce the
internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combus ...
's torsional vibrations.
All four wheels of the
Citroën 2CV
The Citroën 2CV (french: link=no, deux chevaux(-vapeur), , lit. "two steam horse(power)s", meaning "two ''taxable'' horsepower") is an air-cooled front-engine, front-wheel-drive, economy family car, introduced at the 1948 Paris Mondial de l ...
incorporated a tuned mass damper (referred to as a "Batteur" in the original French) of very similar design to that used in the Renault F1 car, from the start of production in 1949 on all four wheels, before being removed from the rear and eventually the front wheels in the mid 1970s.
Mass dampers in bridges
![Tuned mass damper inside jan linzelviaduct](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Tuned_mass_damper_inside_jan_linzelviaduct.jpg)
The tuned mass damper is widely being used as a method to add damping to bridges. One use-case for tuned mass dampers in bridges is to prevent large vibrations due to
resonance
Resonance describes the phenomenon of increased amplitude that occurs when the frequency of an applied periodic force (or a Fourier component of it) is equal or close to a natural frequency of the system on which it acts. When an oscillatin ...
with pedestrian loads. By adding a tuned mass damper, damping is added to the structure which causes the vibration of the structure to be reduced as the vibration steady state amplitude is inversely proportional to the damping of the structure.
Mass dampers in spacecraft
One proposal to reduce vibration on NASA's
Ares
Ares (; grc, Ἄρης, ''Árēs'' ) is the Greek god of war and courage. He is one of the Twelve Olympians, and the son of Zeus and Hera. The Greeks were ambivalent towards him. He embodies the physical valor necessary for success in war b ...
solid fuel booster was to use 16 tuned mass dampers as part of a design strategy to reduce peak loads from 6''g'' to 0.25''g'', with the TMDs being responsible for the reduction from 1''g'' to 0.25''g'', the rest being done by conventional
vibration isolators between the upper stages and the booster.
Spin stabilized satellites have
nutation
Nutation () is a rocking, swaying, or nodding motion in the axis of rotation of a largely axially symmetric object, such as a gyroscope, planet, or bullet in flight, or as an intended behaviour of a mechanism. In an appropriate reference frame ...
development at specific frequencies.
Eddy current
Eddy currents (also called Foucault's currents) are loops of electrical current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor according to Faraday's law of induction or by the relative motion of a conductor in a mag ...
nutation dampers have flown on spin stabilized satellites to reduce and stabilize nutation.
Dampers in power transmission lines
High-tension lines often have small
barbell
A barbell is a piece of exercise equipment used in weight training, bodybuilding, weightlifting, powerlifting and strongman, consisting of a long bar, usually with weights attached at each end.
Barbells range in length from to above , althou ...
-shaped
Stockbridge damper
A Stockbridge damper is a tuned mass damper used to suppress wind-induced vibrations on slender structures such as overhead power lines, long cantilevered signs and Cable-stayed bridge, cable-stayed bridges. The dumbbell-shaped device consists of t ...
s hanging from the
wires to reduce the high-frequency, low-amplitude oscillation termed
flutter
Flutter may refer to:
Technology
* Aeroelastic flutter, a rapid self-feeding motion, potentially destructive, that is excited by aerodynamic forces in aircraft and bridges
* Flutter (American company), a gesture recognition technology company acqu ...
.
Dampers in wind turbines
A standard tuned mass damper for wind turbines consists of an auxiliary mass which is attached to the main structure by means of springs and dashpot elements. The natural frequency of the tuned mass damper is basically defined by its
spring constant
In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force () needed to extend or compress a spring (device), spring by some distance () Proportionality (mathematics)#Direct_proportionality, scales linearly with respect to that ...
and the damping ratio determined by the
dashpot
A dashpot, also known as a damper, is a mechanical device that resists motion via viscous friction. The resulting force is proportional to the velocity, but acts in the opposite direction, slowing the motion and absorbing energy. It is commonly us ...
. The tuned parameter of the tuned mass damper enables the auxiliary mass to oscillate with a phase shift with respect to the motion of the structure. In a typical configuration, an auxiliary mass hung below the
nacelle
A nacelle ( ) is a "streamlined body, sized according to what it contains", such as an engine, fuel, or equipment on an aircraft. When attached by a pylon entirely outside the airframe, it is sometimes called a pod, in which case it is attached ...
of a wind turbine supported by dampers or friction plates.
Dampers in buildings and related structures
![Taipei 101 Tuned Mass Damper](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Taipei_101_Tuned_Mass_Damper.png)
When installed in buildings, dampers are typically huge concrete blocks or steel bodies mounted in
skyscraper
A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable building having multiple floors. Modern sources currently define skyscrapers as being at least or in height, though there is no universally accepted definition. Skyscrapers are very tall high-ris ...
s or other structures, which move in opposition to the
resonance frequency
Resonance describes the phenomenon of increased amplitude that occurs when the frequency of an applied periodic force (or a Fourier component of it) is equal or close to a natural frequency of the system on which it acts. When an oscillatin ...
oscillations of the structure by means of
springs, fluid, or pendulums.
Sources of vibration and resonance
Unwanted vibration may be caused by environmental forces acting on a structure, such as wind or earthquake, or by a seemingly innocuous vibration source causing resonance that may be destructive, unpleasant or simply inconvenient.
Earthquakes
The
seismic wave
A seismic wave is a wave of acoustic energy that travels through the Earth. It can result from an earthquake, volcanic eruption, magma movement, a large landslide, and a large man-made explosion that produces low-frequency acoustic energy. S ...
s caused by an
earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from ...
will make buildings sway and
oscillate
Oscillation is the repetitive or periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states. Familiar examples of oscillation include a swinging pendulum ...
in various ways depending on the frequency and direction of
ground motion
Ground motion is the movement of the earth's surface from earthquakes or explosions. Ground motion is produced by seismic waves that are generated by sudden slip on a fault or sudden pressure at the explosive source and travel through the earth a ...
, and the height and construction of the building. Seismic activity can cause excessive oscillations of the building which may lead to
structural failure
Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering that deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed structural load (weight, force, etc.) without breaking and includes the study of past structural failures in order to ...
. To enhance the building's
seismic performance
Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and is the calculation of the response of a building (or nonbuilding) structure to earthquakes. It is part of the process of structural design, earthquake engineering or structural assessment ...
, a proper building design is performed engaging various seismic
vibration control
In earthquake engineering, vibration control is a set of technical means aimed to mitigate seismic impacts in building and non-building structures.
All seismic vibration control devices may be classified as ''passive'', ''active'' or ''hybrid' ...
technologies.
As mentioned above, damping devices had been used in the aeronautics and automobile industries long before they were standard in mitigating seismic damage to buildings. In fact, the first specialized damping devices for earthquakes were not developed until late in 1950.
Mechanical human sources
![London Millennium Bridge - Damper beneath deck, north side - 240404](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/London_Millennium_Bridge_-_Damper_beneath_deck%2C_north_side_-_240404.jpg)
Masses of people walking up and down stairs at once, or great numbers of people stomping in unison, can cause serious problems in large structures like stadiums if those structures lack damping measures.
Wind
The force of wind against tall buildings can cause the top of skyscrapers to move more than a meter. This motion can be in the form of swaying or twisting, and can cause the upper floors of such buildings to move. Certain angles of wind and
aerodynamic
Aerodynamics, from grc, ἀήρ ''aero'' (air) + grc, δυναμική (dynamics), is the study of the motion of air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It involves topics covered in the field of fluid dyn ...
properties of a building can accentuate the movement and cause
motion sickness
Motion sickness occurs due to a difference between actual and expected motion. Symptoms commonly include nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, headache, dizziness, tiredness, loss of appetite, and increased salivation. Complications may rarely include d ...
in people. A TMD is usually tuned to its building's resonant frequency to work efficiently. However, during their lifetimes, high-rise and slender buildings may experience natural resonant frequency changes under wind speed, ambient temperature and relative humidity variations, among other factors, which requires a robust TMD design.
Examples of buildings and structures with tuned mass dampers
Canada
*
One Wall Centre
One Wall Centre, also known as the Sheraton Vancouver Wall Centre North Tower, is a 48-storey, skyscraper hotel with residential condominiums in the Wall Centre (Vancouver), Wall Centre development at 1088 Burrard Street in Downtown Vancouver, B ...
in
Vancouver
Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...
— employs tuned liquid column dampers, a unique form of tuned mass damper at the time of their installation.
*
CN Tower
The CN Tower (french: Tour CN) is a concrete communications and observation tower in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Built on the former Railway Lands, it was completed in 1976. Its name "CN" referred to Canadian National, the railway c ...
in
Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...
.
China
*
Shanghai Tower
Shanghai Tower () is a 128-story, megatall skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai. in
Shanghai, China
Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowin ...
is the second tallest building in the world.
*
Shanghai World Financial Center
The Shanghai World Financial Center (SWFC; , Shanghainese: ''Zånhae Guejieu Cinyon Tsonsin'') is a supertall skyscraper located in the Pudong district of Shanghai. It was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and developed by the Mori Building Compa ...
in
Shanghai, China
Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowin ...
Taiwan
*
Taipei 101
Taipei 101 (; stylized as TAIPEI 101), formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center, is a supertall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. This building was officially classified as the world's tallest from its opening in 2004 until the 2009 ...
skyscraper — damper, formerly the world's heaviest. Located on 87th to 92nd floors.
Germany
*
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...
Television Tower (
Fernsehturm) — tuned mass damper located in the spire.
*
VLF transmitter DHO38
The VLF transmitter DHO38 is a VLF transmitter used by the German Navy near Rhauderfehn, Saterland, Germany. It is used to transmit coded orders to submarines of the German Navy and navies of other NATO countries.
DHO38 has transmitted since 1982 ...
– cylindrical containers filled with granulate in the mast structure
India
* ATC Tower
Delhi Airport
Indira Gandhi International Airport is the primary international airport serving Delhi, the capital of India, and the National Capital Region (NCR). The airport, spread over an area of , is situated in Palam, Delhi, southwest of the New Del ...
in
New Delhi, India
New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House ...
— a 50-ton tuned mass damper installed just beneath the ATC floor at 90m.
* ''
Statue of Unity
The ''Statue of Unity'' is the world's tallest statue, with a height of , located near Kevadia in the state of Gujarat, India. It depicts Indian statesman and independence activist Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950), who was the first deputy pr ...
'' in
Gujarat
Gujarat (, ) is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the fifth-largest Indian state by area, covering some ; and the ninth ...
,
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
– two tuned mass dampers of 250 ton each located at the chest level of Sardar Patel statue.
Iran
*
Tehran International Tower
Tehran International Tower ( fa, برج بینالمللی تهران) is a 56-story residential tower in Tehran, Iran. It is the tallest residential building in Iran, and the only one to meet the definition of a skyscraper.https://www.researchg ...
Ireland
*
Dublin Spire
The Spire of Dublin, alternatively titled the Monument of Light ( ga, An Túr Solais), is a large, stainless steel, pin-like monument in height, located on the site of the former Nelson's Pillar (and prior to that a statue of William Blakeney, 1 ...
in
Dublin, Ireland
Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2016 cen ...
— designed with a tuned mass damper to ensure aerodynamic stability during a wind storm .
Japan
*
Akashi Kaikyō Bridge
The is a suspension bridge which links the city of Kobe on the Japanese island of Honshu to Iwaya on Awaji Island. It is part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, and crosses the busy and turbulent Akashi Strait (''Akashi Kaikyō'' in Japane ...
, between
Honshu
, historically called , is the largest and most populous island of Japan. It is located south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Straits. The island separ ...
and
Shikoku
is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is long and between wide. It has a population of 3.8 million (, 3.1%). It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include ''Iyo-no-futana-shima'' (), '' ...
in Japan, formerly the world's longest suspension bridge, uses pendulums within its suspension towers as tuned mass dampers.
*
Ribbon Chapel
Ribbon Chapel ( ja, リボンチャペル) is a wedding venue in Onomichi, Hiroshima, Japan, with a panoramic view of Seto Inland Sea. The building, which is an element of the resort, was designed by Hiroshi Nakamura (architect), Hiroshi Nakamur ...
in
Hiroshima, Japan
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Hiroshima Prefecture has a population of 2,811,410 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 8,479 km² (3,274 sq mi). Hiroshima Prefecture borders Okayama ...
uses a TMD to damp vibrations in two intertwined helical stairways.
*
Tokyo Skytree
is a broadcasting and observation tower in Sumida, Tokyo. It became the tallest structure in Japan in 2010[Yokohama Landmark Tower
The is the third tallest building and 5th tallest structure in Japan, standing high. Until surpassed by Abeno Harukas in 2012, it stood as the tallest building in Japan. It is located in the Minato Mirai 21 district of Yokohama city, nex ...](_blank)
* Chiba Port Tower, Japan
Kazakhstan
*
Almaty Tower
The Almaty Television Tower (russian: Алматинская телебашня), or simply Almaty Tower, formally the Koktobe TV Tower (russian: Телебашня «Коктобе») is a steel television tower built between 1975 and 1983 in A ...
* "Kazakh Eli" monument at
Independence Square, Nur-Sultan
Independence Square () also referred to as Kazakh Eli Square, is the main square in Astana, Kazakhstan.
It was created in October 2009. In September 2015, the square transformed into a historic village in honor of the 550th anniversary of the K ...
Russia
* Victory Monument at
Poklonnaya Hill
Poklonnaya Gora (russian: Покло́нная гора́, literally "bow-down hill"; metaphorically "Worshipful Submission Hill"') is, at 171.5 meters, one of the highest natural spots in Moscow. Its two summits used to be separated by the Setun ...
in Moscow
* Olympic torch at
Sochi Olympic Park
Sochi Olympic Park () is an Olympic Park in Sochi, Russia. It situated in the urban-type settlement of Sirius in Imeretinsky Valley, on the coast of the Black Sea. The Olympic Park houses the main Olympic Stadium used for the Games' ceremonies, ...
,
* Steel chimneys in Moscow (
Thermal Power Plant 27),
Ryazan Power Station
The Ryazan Power Station (also called Novomichurinsk Power Station) is the fifth largest power station in Russia, with an installed capacity of 3,130 MW. The power station is located in Novomichurinsk of the Ryazan Oblast, Russia. Constructi ...
,
Sochi Thermal Power Plant
Sochi Thermal Power Plant (russian: Сочинская ТЭС) is a power station
A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of ...
etc.
*
Sakhalin-I
The Sakhalin-I (russian: Сахалин-1) project, a sister project to Sakhalin-II, is a consortium for production of oil and gas on Sakhalin Island and immediately offshore. It operates three fields in the Okhotsk Sea: Chayvo, Odoptu and Arkut ...
— An
offshore drilling platform
United Arab Emirates
*
Burj al-Arab Burj ( ar, برج, ''tower'', derived from either Middle Persian "burg" or Greek loan-word "pyrgos") may refer to:
Places India
* Burj Kaila, a village in Jalandhar district, Punjab, India
* Burj Pukhta, a village in Jalandhar district, Punjab, In ...
in
Dubai
Dubai (, ; ar, دبي, translit=Dubayy, , ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, the most populated of the 7 emirates of the United Arab Emirates.The Government and Politics of ...
— 11 tuned mass dampers.
United Kingdom
*
London Millennium Bridge
The Millennium Bridge, officially known as the London Millennium Footbridge, is a steel suspension bridge for pedestrians crossing the River Thames in London, England, linking Bankside with the City of London. It is owned and maintained by Bridg ...
— nicknamed 'The Wobbly Bridge' due to swaying under heavy foot traffic. Dampers were fitted in response.
*
One Canada Square
One Canada Square is a skyscraper in Canary Wharf, London. It was completed in 1991 and is the third tallest building in the United Kingdom at above ground levelAviation charts issued by the Civil Aviation Authority containing 50 storeys.
On ...
— Prior to the topping out of
the Shard
The Shard, also referred to as the Shard of Glass, Shard London Bridge, and formerly London Bridge Tower, is a 72-storey skyscraper, designed by the Italian architect Renzo Piano, in Southwark, London, that forms part of The Shard Quarter dev ...
in 2012, this was the
tallest building in the UK.
United States
*
111 West 57th Street
111 West 57th Street, also known as Steinway Tower, is a supertall residential skyscraper in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Developed by JDS Development Group and Property Markets Group, it is situated along Billionaires' R ...
in
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
— Contains the heaviest solid damper in the world, at .
*
432 Park Avenue
432 Park Avenue is a residential skyscraper at 57th Street and Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, overlooking Central Park. The tower was developed by CIM Group and Harry B. Macklowe and designed by Rafael Viñoly. A part of ...
in New York City
*
Bally's to
Bellagio Bellagio may refer to:
* Bellagio, Lombardy, an Italian town
* Bellagio (resort), a luxury resort and casino in Las Vegas
* Bellagio (Hong Kong), a private housing building
* Bellagio declaration, an intellectual copyright resolution
* 79271 Bellag ...
, Bally's to
Caesars Palace
Caesars Palace is a luxury hotel and casino in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The hotel is situated on the west side of the Las Vegas Strip between Bellagio and The Mirage. It is one of Las Vegas's largest and best known landmarks.
Caesars P ...
, and
Treasure Island
''Treasure Island'' (originally titled ''The Sea Cook: A Story for Boys''Hammond, J. R. 1984. "Treasure Island." In ''A Robert Louis Stevenson Companion'', Palgrave Macmillan Literary Companions. London: Palgrave Macmillan. .) is an adventure no ...
to
The Venetian Pedestrian Bridges in
Las Vegas
Las Vegas (; Spanish for "The Meadows"), often known simply as Vegas, is the 25th-most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County. The city anchors the Las Vegas ...
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Bloomberg Tower/731 Lexington in New York City
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Citigroup Center
The Citigroup Center (formerly Citicorp Center and also known by its address, 601 Lexington Avenue) is an office skyscraper in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Built in 1977 to house the headquarters of Citibank, it is tal ...
in New York City — Designed by
William LeMessurier
William "Bill" James LeMessurier, Jr. (; June 12, 1926 – June 14, 2007) was a prominent American structural engineer.
Early life and education
Born in Pontiac, Michigan, Bill was the youngest of four children of Bertha (Sherman) and Wil ...
and completed in 1977, it was one of the first skyscrapers to use a tuned mass damper to reduce sway. Uses a concrete version.
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Comcast Center
Comcast Center, also known as the Comcast Tower, is a skyscraper in Center City, Philadelphia. The 58-story, tower is the second-tallest building in Philadelphia and in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania (after the Comcast Technology Center), a ...
in
Philadelphia
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
— Contains the largest Tuned Liquid Column Damper (TLCD) in the world at .
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Comcast Technology Center
The Comcast Technology Center is a supertall skyscraper in Center City, Philadelphia. The 60-floor building, with a height of , is the tallest building in Philadelphia and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the fourteenth-tallest building in the ...
in Philadelphia — A set of five tuned dampers containing 125,000 gallons of water—about 500 tons—are located on the 57th floor between the hotel's rooms and lobby.
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Grand Canyon Skywalk
The Grand Canyon Skywalk is a horseshoe-shaped cantilever bridge with a glass walkway at Eagle Point in Arizona near the Colorado River on the edge of a side canyon in the Grand Canyon West area of the main canyon.Yost, Mark.Close to the Edge ''W ...
, Arizona
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John Hancock Tower
200 Clarendon Street, previously John Hancock Tower and colloquially known as The Hancock, is a 60-story, skyscraper in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston. It is the tallest building in New England. The tower was designed by Henry N. Cobb of ...
in
Boston
Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
— The first building to use a tuned mass damper, which was added after the building was completed.
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One Madison
One Madison is a luxury residential condominium tower located on 23rd Street (Manhattan), 23rd Street between Broadway (Manhattan), Broadway and Park Avenue South, at the foot of Madison Avenue, across from Madison Square Park in the Flatiron D ...
in New York City
[Staff (August 2011]
"One Madison Park, New York City"
Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) is an international body in the field of tall buildings and sustainable urban design. A non-profit organization based at the Monroe Building in the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States ...
website. .
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One Rincon Hill South Tower,
San Francisco
San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...
— First building in California to have a liquid tuned mass damper
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Park Tower in
Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
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— The first building in the United States to be designed with a tuned mass damper from the outset.
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Random House Tower
The Random House Tower, also known as the Park Imperial Apartments, is a 52-story mixed-use tower in Manhattan, New York City. It is owned by real estate companies SL Green Realty and Ivanhoé Cambridge, with the office portion leased as the hea ...
— Uses two liquid filled dampers in New York City
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Theme Building
The Theme Building is a structure at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), considered an architectural example of the Space Age design style. Influenced by "Populuxe" architecture, it is an example of the Mid-century modern design movement l ...
at
Los Angeles International Airport
Los Angeles International Airport , commonly referred to as LAX (with each letter pronounced individually), is the primary international airport serving Los Angeles, California and its surrounding metropolitan area. LAX is located in the W ...
Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...
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Trump World Tower
Trump World Tower is a residential condominium building in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The tower is located at 845 United Nations Plaza, on First Avenue between 47th and 48th Streets. It was developed ...
in New York City
See also
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Antiresonance In the physics of coupled oscillators, antiresonance, by analogy with resonance, is a pronounced minimum in the amplitude of an oscillator at a particular frequency, accompanied by a large, abrupt shift in its oscillation phase. Such frequencies are ...
References
External links
Structures Incorporating Tuned Mass Dampers
{{Authority control
Engineering