Mary Jane Cain (1844–1929) was a community leader, a Gomeroi woman who lived in the Coonabarabran region of New South Wales. She was born in 1844 and was instrumental in the establishment of the Burra Bee Dee

Aboriginal Reserve An Aboriginal reserve, also called simply reserve, was a government-sanctioned settlement for Aboriginal Australians, created under various state and federal legislation. Along with missions and other institutions, they were used from the 19th c ...

in 1912 and came to be known as the Queen of Burrabeedee or "Queenie Cain".

Biography

Mary Jane was the daughter of Jinnie Griffin, an Aboriginal woman, and Irishman Eugene Griffin. She was born in 1844 on Toorawandi Station and christened at the age of 14 on horseback on the road between Coonabarabran and Mudgee. After her first marriage to James Budsworth, Mary Jane married head stockman George William Cain in 1865. Much of what is known about the life of Mary Jane Cain was recorded in oral history interviews conducted by Margaret Somerville with four of her descendants—Marie Dundas, May Mead, Janet Robinson and Maureen Sulter. Somerville described Mary as "the woman who straddles two eras of history—the time before white settlement of this land and the time after. She moves between two worlds of such profound difference, and she gives her people the strength to move forward." She quotes Mary Jane, "We gotta make it good for ourselves to go forward, the people say. How can I move across this space between Nganyinytja and me?" After the death of her mother, Jinnie Griffin, in 1882, Mary became the leader of her community and was known to everyone as "Queenie" Cain. In notices published after her death, Mary's recollections were recorded of the use of Chinese labour on farms in the area before the gold rush and how after the workers departed to prospect for gold, the squatters employed local Aboriginal workers as shepherds, effectively easing hostilities in the frontier wars. Mary Jane Cain petitioned the government as her husband was unwell, and she needed to provide for their nine children. As a result Burra Bee Dee Aboriginal Reserve (no. 47521) was gazetted on 21 February 1912, it included a small parcel of land at Forky Mountain that had already been granted to Mary and her family by

Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days was longer than that of any previo ...

. Mary Jane Cain died at Burra Bee Dee, Coonabarabran, NSW on 29 July 1929 aged 85.

Language

Mary Jane Cain spoke a local indigenous language,

Gamilaraay The Gamilaraay, also known as Gomeroi, Kamilaroi, Kamillaroi and other variations, are an Aboriginal Australian people whose lands extend from New South Wales to southern Queensland. They form one of the four largest Indigenous nations in Au ...

, and a manuscript compiled by Mary is held at the State Library of New South Wales containing wordlists of place names and the natural environment.

Memorials

Sign on Mary Jane Cain Bridge over the Castlereagh River in NSW

A bridge over the

Castlereagh River The Castlereagh River is located in the central–western district of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the Macquarie-Castlereagh catchment within the Murray–Darling basin and is an unregulated river, meaning no dams or storage have be ...

in Coonabarabran was named after Mary Jane Cain. A plaque was erected by the Coonabarabran Rotary Club near the bridge in Coonabarabran to commemorate her 50 years of service to the community.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cain, Mary Jane 1844 births 1929 deaths Australian human rights activists Women human rights activists Australian indigenous rights activists People from New South Wales